Thesis (M. Sc.)--University of Canterbury, 2006. / Typescript (photocopy). "June 2006." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 67-75). Also available via the World Wide Web.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-01-22Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:41:25Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 costa_ns_dr_jabo.pdf: 657826 bytes, checksum: ea3cd1fea9c1ec9dc87c6c0888f96d4d (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / A síndrome abdômen agudo é uma das principais doenças dos eqüinos, colocando em risco a vida do paciente quando não se institui rapidamente um tratamento adequado. Com o incremento de informações sobre lesões isquêmicas difundiu-se o conceito de que a reperfusão nestes tecidos, apesar de essencial para prevenir a morte celular por anoxia, induz efeito paradoxal de agravamento das lesões pré-existentes, o que se denomina lesão de reperfusão. Os glicocorticóides representam uma alternativa terapêutica para o tratamento das lesões de reperfusão. No estudo proposto foram utilizados 15 eqüinos adultos, machos e fêmeas, sem alterações clínicas aparentes, distribuídos aleatoriamente em três grupos de cinco animais, sob neuroleptoanalgesia e anestesia local, submetidos ou não à obstrução experimental do jejuno, mediante a colocação de um balão intraluminal, , para reproduzir a isquemia intestinal o quadro de abdômen agudo. Os eqüinos do grupo I foram submetidos a todas as manobras cirúrgicas aplicadas aos dos outros grupos, exceto a distensão do balão para provocar obstrução; os do grupo II foram submetidos à isquemia do jejuno durante 4 horas; e os grupo III foram submetidos à isquemia de 4 horas, seguida de tratamento com hidrocortisona uma hora antes da desobstrução. Para os exames laboratoriais, foram obtidas amostras de material biológico em quatro momentos: uma hora antes do procedimento cirúrgico e aplicação da neuroleptoanalgesia (M1), ao final da isquemia (M2) e uma hora (M3) e 18 horas (M4) após o início da reperfusão. Para a verificação de lesões à distância, as amostras de diversos órgãos foram colhidas na ocasião da necropsia ao término do experimento. / The acute abdomen syndrome is a common equine’s disease, which goes on risk the patient when a correct treatment is not established. The reperfusion in ischemical tissues, despite it is essential in preventing cell death by anoxia, leads a paradoxical effect in worsing the pre-existed lesions, was spread and its called reperfusion lesion. Glucocorticoids represents an alternative to treatment of reperfusion’s lesions. In the proposed study, were used 15 adults horses, male or female, without clinical apparent changes, distributed ramdonly in three groups of five animals. These animals were submitted or not to jejuni experimental obstruction through intraluminal ballon, under tranquilization and local anesthesia to imitate acute abdomen. The group I was submitted to surgical procedures, except the distention of the balloon to induce obstruction; the group II was submitted to jejuni’s ischemia for 4 hours and the group III was submitted to jejuni’s ischemia for 4 hours followed by hydrocortisone treatment one hour before desobstruction. For laboratorial tests, samples of biological material were obtained in four moments: one hour before surgical procedure and practice of drugs (M1), in the end of ischemia (M2) and one hour (M3) and 18 hours (M4) after the beginning of reperfusion. To verify distant lesions, samples of many organs were collected in the necropsy at the end of experiment.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:23:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T13:57:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 00971.pdf: 662593 bytes, checksum: 457a86be88dd734ec231748d8b91bd4b (MD5) / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IEA/D / Faculdade de Medicina Veterinaria e Zootecnia, Universidade de Sao Paulo - FMVZ/USP

Introdução - A menopausa é um processo natural do envelhecimento feminino que se associa a uma sucessão de eventos com repercussões biológicas e psicossociais, dentre eles o estresse; definido como um estado de tensão que ocasiona a desordem na homeostase do organismo repercutindo na qualidade de vida da mulher. Objetivo - Investigar a presença do estresse em mulheres na menopausa e correlacionar com a concentração de cortisol, bem como associar o estresse com os sintomas musculoesqueléticos. Métodos - Estudo analítico transversal que investigou o estresse por meio do Inventário de Sintomas de Stress (ISSL) em 1200 mulheres da plataforma PROSAPIN cadastradas na Saúde da Família de Pindamonhangaba-SP. O método consistiu na aplicação de um questionário auto-referido. Os fatores associados foram investigados por meio de informações sócio-demográficas, hábitos de vida, história ginecológica e obstétrica, morbidades, dados antropométricos, laboratoriais e uso de medicamentos. Foram feitas análises bivariadas e multivariadas, utilizando um intervalo de confiança de 95 por cento . Testes de correlação - kappa e testes diagnósticos foram realizados comparando o estresse avaliado por questionário com a concentração do cortisol, no programa Stata. Resultados - O ISSL detectou estresse em 60,9 por cento das mulheres (IC95 por cento : 57,7 por cento a 64,1 por cento ) e o cortisol indicou a presença do estresse em 10,4 por cento (IC95 por cento : 8,1 por cento a 12,7 por cento ), não houve concordância entre a percepção do estresse e a mensuração do cortisol (k= 0,029). Os fatores associados à percepção do estresse foram: incontinência urinária, presença dos sintomas climatérios e de dor, qualidade do sono, depressão, acidente vascular encefálico e não ser cuidador de parente e possuir renda familiar. Os fatores associados ao cortisol foram: ansiedade, a falta de vitamina D, praticar atividade física e morar com ate três pessoas. Houve associação entre o estresse e os sintomas musculoesqueléticos, sobretudo com as regiões corporais do ombro, coluna lombar e joelho. Conclusão - A prevalência da percepção do estresse foi alta abrangendo mais da metade das mulheres, não houve correlação entre as medidas. Houve forte associação principalmente com a incontinência urinária, sintomas climatérios e musculoesqueléticos, ansiedade e falta de vitamina D. Sendo assim, considera-se que a presença do estresse intervém negativamente na qualidade de vida das mulheres na menopausa. / Introduction - Menopause is a natural female ageing.This process has been asssociated with a series of events like biological and psychosocial effects. Ageing process is associated with a series of events with biological and psychosocial effects, including stress defined as a state of tension causes of disorder in homeostasis reflecting on the quality of life women. Objective- Investigating the presence of stresses during its climacteric women the correlation with the concentration of cortisol and stress. It was associated with musculoskeletal symptoms. Methods -These methods were analyzed in studies cross analytical that investigated stress. Through the Stress Symptom Inventory (ISSL) in 1200 women PROSAPIN platform registered in the Health Pindamonhangaba-SP. The method consisted of applying a self-reported questionnaire. The associated factors were investigated by socio-demographic, lifestyle, gynecological and obstetric history, comorbidities, anthropometric, laboratory data and use of medications. They were made bivariate and multivariate analyzes using 95 per cent confidence interval. Correlation tests using measure of agreement (kappa) and diagnostics. This diagnostics were performed comparing the stress assesociate with this questionnaire by the concentration of cortisol in the Stata program. Results - The ISSL stress detected in 60,9 per cent of women (95 per cent CI: 57.7 per cent to 64.1 per cent ) and cortisol indicated the presence of stress in 10,4 per cent (95 per cent CI: 8,1 per cent to 12,7 per cent ), there was no correlation between perceived stress and the measurement of cortisol (k = 0,029). They factors were associated with perceived stress like : urinary incontinence, presence of climacteric symptoms and pain, sleep quality, depression, stroke and not be related to caregiver and have family income. Factors associated with cortisol were: anxiety, lack of vitamin D, physical activity and live with up to three people. Conclusion - The prevalence of perceived stress was high covering more than half of women, there was no correlation between measures. There were a strong association mainly with urinary incontinence, climacteric and musculoskeletal symptoms, anxiety and lack of vitamin D. Therefore, it is considered that the presence of stress intervenes negatively on the quality of life during the climacteric.

In the present study, propylene glycol monostearate (PGM), ethoxylated stearyl alcohol (ESA) and combination thereof have been investigated for their film-forming potential. The wettability, strength, and integrity of the films were evaluated by measuring the contact angles and modulus of elasticity. The films of mixed composition had smaller contact angles than the films of either component. The modulus of elasticity of all films tested was in the range of 0.19 - 0.40 Kg/cm2. A series of experiments were conducted in vitro to study the effect of changes in film composition, drug concentration and rate of agitation on cortisol release. Films of varying compositions containing 10 to 20% w/w ESA with corresponding decrease in PGM concentration with 4% w/w cortisol were found to release from 15 to 90% of cortisol during a 12 hour period. Unidirectional drug release from all film matrices was found to follow first-order kinetic profile over the first five hours of drug release. The examination of Q versus t½ plots (granular matrix) revealed linearity for the first five hours of drug release but curvilinear effect beyond. First-order release rate constant was found to increase linearly with rate of agitation.

In this study, lanolin alcohol as well as lanolin alcohol-povidone films (1:1 . 5) were investigated as a potential drug delivery system. The in vitro drug release from these films was studied in terms of the effect of agitation, film thickness and drug concentration. The rate of release of Cortisol from lanolin alcohol films was not affected by the intensity of agitation. Moreover, the film matrix was found to remain essentially intact throughout the release process. Further analysis of the data revealed that Higuchi's diffusion-controlled granular matrix model explained the mechanism of Cortisol release from such films. The results of drug release from lanolin alcohol povidone films have shown that although Higuchi's release rate constant was found to be independent of film thickness, it was affected by the intensity of agitation, since the rate constant was found to increase as agitation speed was increased, especially at low speeds. In addition, povidone was found to leach out of the film matrix along with the drug. These factors, in conjunction with further analysis of the drug, explained the failure of this film system to conform to the matrix-controlled diffusion model. The release rate of Cortisol from this film system was found to follow first-order dependence on drug concentration. The drug was found to be completely insoluble in lanolin alcohol, and slightly soluble in povidone. Povidone was found to enhance the solubility of Cortisol in water.

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The study of conformation in drug action can be approached from two directions, (i) that of the drug, and (ii) that of the receptor. Since the problem of elucidating the biologically active conformation of drug molecules has been extensively studied and is very well reviewed1,2, it should be equally productive to explore the conformational aspects of receptors. Before a plausible model of conformational requirements at the receptor level can be developed, it is necessary to know something about the nature of the biologic receptors. Although structural details for specific receptors are generally unknown and a fascinating challenge for the medicinal chemist to study, the following considerations suggest that most receptors are lipoproteins with the ability to interact with specific substrates at their active sites. The known characteristics of receptors can be summarized as follows: a. Receptors can bind with a wide variety of drug molecules, suggesting a degree of conformational adaptability, a characteristic of proteins. b. Some receptors exhibit a relatively high degree of stereospecificity, a property shared by enzymes. c. Most receptor-like substances which have been isolated have been found to be proteolipid complexes, some of which may include phospholipids and prostaglandins if they are membrane-bound. Its seems pertinent to mention that the problems involved in the isolation and characterization of drug receptors are formidable. The procedures employed in the extraction and purification of receptor-like substances are laborious and time-consuming, and the isolated material is, at best, only partially pure. Moreover, the results of drug-binding studies on such partially purified receptors are often equivocal. The hypothesis of induced conformational changes has been reviewed by several authors.5,6 For example, Koshland7,8,9 suggested that the active site of an enzyme does not need to be absolutely complementary to that of the substrate, but after interacting with it, induction of conformational changes can occur which might result in complementarity. Thus, it may be logical to assume on the basis of this hypothesis that in combining with an enzyme the substrate induces a change in its conformation. This results in an enzymatically active orientation of the catalytic groups. The biological response resulting from such a combination depends mainly upon the induction of an appropriate conformational change.

No description available.