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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
141

Problematic Gaming and Gambling among Adolescents

Vadlin, Sofia January 2016 (has links)
The overall aims of this thesis were to develop and evaluate a screening instrument designed to detect gaming addiction symptoms in adolescents, to study associations between problematic gaming and psychiatric symptoms, to investigate the stability of problematic gaming, and to examine possible associations between gaming at baseline (W1) with problem gambling three years later (W2). The study population consisted of adolescents from the Survey of Adolescent Life in Västmanland SALVe Cohort (adolescents in Västmanland born in 1997 and 1999, and their parents), in two waves (2012, n = 1887; 2015, n = 1576), and adolescents from child and adolescent psychiatric clinics in Västmanland (2014, n = 242). The development of the Gaming Addiction Identification Test (GAIT) was based upon the research literature on gaming, gambling, and addiction. An expert panel estimated the content validity of the GAIT and found it to be excellent. Additional psychometric evaluations of the GAIT and the parent version, GAIT-P, were conducted and it was found that both versions showed promising psychometric results, with high internal consistency, high concurrent validity, high concordance, unidimensionality, and high factor loadings, although poor model fit in exploratory factor analysis. Self- and parent-rated prevalence of gaming addiction symptoms were estimated at 1.3% with the GAIT and 2.4% with the GAIT-P in 13- and 15-year-olds. Self-rated problematic gaming above the cutoff had a boy to girl ratio of approximately 5:1 in both the SALVe Cohort and the clinical sample, whereas more girls than boys reported symptoms above the cutoff for ADHD, depression, anxiety, and psychotic-like-experiences. ADHD, depression, and anxiety symptoms were associated with odds ratios of 2.43, 2.47, and 2.06, respectively, in relation to coexisting problematic gaming. Furthermore, problematic gaming was stable over time, and problematic gaming at the first wave was associated with problem gambling three years later. It is important to screen for possible co-occurring symptoms among those who seek treatment and among those who appear to have symptoms of gaming, gambling, or psychiatric symptoms. Ongoing evaluation of adequate screening and diagnostic measurements, and the development and evaluation of treatments for problematic gaming, gaming addiction, and comorbid conditions are needed.
142

Perceptions of Family Environment of Boys with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Their Mothers

Costas, Lisa Daniels 08 1900 (has links)
Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) experience a significant number of psychological symptoms and behavioral problems which negatively affect their interactions within their families. The purpose of the present study was to explore the perceptions of family environment of boys with ADHD and their mothers and compare them to those of nonreferred boys and their mothers. Maternal reports of emotional distress and perceptions of hyperactive behavior in the two groups of boys were also studied.
143

Hyperfocus in adult ADHD : an EEG study of the differences in cortical activity in resting and arousal states

20 November 2013 (has links)
M.A. (Psychology) / Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), characterised by problems relating to attention, impulsive behaviour and hyperactivity, has become widely accepted to be a neurodevelopmental disorder that persists into adulthood for a large proportion of the ADHD population. ADHD symptoms are reported to undergo developmental transformation from childhood to adulthood, resulting in a significantly different clinical picture of adult ADHD. This signals a need to move away from reliance on childhood models of the disorder. Current conceptions of both childhood and adult ADHD do not discuss the occurrence of hyperfocus (or flow), a symptom which seems to connote an extreme form of sustained attention and which has been noted in clinical work. The possibility that hyperfocus could occur in ADHD is unexpected and poses a challenge to current formulations of inattention in ADHD. Media settings have been identified as providing the conditions needed for one to enter the hyperfocus state. This study set out to explore the possible symptom of hyperfocus in ADHD and to attempt to identify the neural correlates thereof, using electroencephalograph (EEG). A sample of 10 participants (5 ADHD, 5 non-ADHD) was recruited using the Adult ADHD Self Report Scale V-1.1 (ASRS V-1.1) Screener and a biographical questionnaire. A quasi-experimental research design was employed, whereby EEG recordings of frontal, frontal midline and parietal regions were taken for each participant during resting states (Eyes Closed and Eyes Open) and whilst playing a first person shooter game. Post-test survey questionnaires were also administered to examine the participants’ time perception during game play. Between-group and within-group differences in absolute and relative power scores were examined, using non-parametric statistical methods (Mann-Whitney-U test and Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test) to analyse the data. Possible markers for hyperfocus were identified, namely significantly lower alpha and beta levels in the ADHD group, as well as a decrease in slow-wave activity over time, as well as post-test survey data that indicated a greater degree of distorted time perception in the ADHD group during game play. Significant between- and within-group differences found in the parietal region highlight the need for further research into the role of the parietal lobe in attention functions and in ADHD. Further, significant changes in cortical activity in the progression from Eyes Closed to Eyes Open in both groups warrant further investigation.
144

A comparative study of the vocational interests of adults with and without ADHD

06 May 2015 (has links)
M.A. (Clinical Psychology) / Although Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) was once thought to occur exclusively in the course of childhood, remitting in adolescence, it is increasingly accepted as a valid diagnosis in adulthood, with DSM-5 providing diagnostic criteria adapted for adults. Symptoms of ADHD in adulthood can lead to impairment in the occupational and tertiary educational environments among others, and additionally can lead to individual differences in ability to perform certain occupational functions, as well as in the occupations to which an individual may be attracted. Adults with ADHD have been shown to differ significantly in personality from non-ADHD adults. The "goodness of fit" between personality and environment underlies much of the predominant understanding of occupational choice. In addition to impairment in the work environment, a lack of fit may exist between adults with ADHD and many features common to organisations. Despite this, along with acknowledgement of the influence of career choice on various factors, including success, emotional welfare and personal productivity, there is a lack of literature dealing specifically with career counselling in ADHD populations. In order to investigate the differences between adults with and without ADHD in a number of areas commonly assessed for career counselling and guidance purposes, an ADHD screening tool, the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) was administered to a sample (n=60) of adults with and without ADHD. Participants were then assigned to ADHD and non-ADHD groups on the basis of ASRS scores in conjunction with diagnostic history, and assessed by means of the Self-directed Search Questionnaire (SDS), and the Basic Traits Inventory (BTI). Tests for between-group differences revealed significant differences on a small number of variables with the ADHD group scoring significantly higher on only the Enterprising type of the SDS. On the BTI, the ADHD group scored significantly higher on Extraversion, and significantly lower on Conscientiousness. The ADHD group also scored significantly higher on the Actions, Ideas, and Imagination facets of the BTI's Openness to Experience factor.
145

Correlates, Antecedents, and Consequences of Reading Disabilities in 11-Year-Old Children with ADHD as a Major Correlate

Pisecco, Stewart (Stewart Anthony) 08 1900 (has links)
The purpose of this study was to follow the development of children with reading disabilities only, reading disabilites and ADHD, ADHD only, and a comparison group from the ages of 3 to 18. Differences were examined on the following variables: (a) Antecedent variables- Reynell Developmental Language Scales, Temperament, and Family Adversity; (b) School-age variables- behavioral and academic self-concept ratings; and (c) Psychological adjustment variables at age 18- self-reports of delinquency. Children from the reading disabled groups exhibited receptive language deficits, were from families who during the early childhood years had less resources to cope with problem situations, exhibited difficult temperamental characteristics, and had negative academic self-concepts. Distinctions were also noted between a "pervasive" and "situational" presentation of behavioral problems. During late adolescence the reading disabled groups exhibited similar levels of delinquency as their non-disabled peers. The implications of this study and directions for future research are discussed.
146

Sex Differences in the Kinetic Profiles of D- and L- Methylphenidate in the Brains of Adult Rats

Bentley, J., Snyder, F., Brown, S. D., Brown, Russell W., Pond, B B. 13 July 2015 (has links)
OBJECTIVE: Methylphenidate is commonly used in the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and narcolepsy. Methylphenidate is administered as
147

Student Teachers' Explicit and Implicit Perceptions of Attention-Defici t/H yperacti vi ty Disorder

Berglof, Hollie K. 01 May 2007 (has links)
This study examined student teachers' explicit and implicit perceptions of ADHD and the relationship between perceptions of ADHD and social desirability. In addition, the relationship between a current measure of implicit perceptions of ADHD and one that was adapted for this study was also investigated. Findings indicate that student teachers view a student portrayed as exhibiting symptoms consistent with ADHD more negatively than a "normal" child in terms of their self-reported first impressions of the child as well as their predictions for the child's future success. Participants' perceptions, as measured by two implicit measures, however, were mixed, with results from one measure indicative of neutral attitudes toward ADHD, while results from another measure were suggestive of an implicit attitude bias against ADHD behaviors. Overall, social desirability did not appear to be meaningfully associated with student teachers' implicit or explicit perceptions of ADHD. The key findings seem to indicate that student teachers generally exhibit more negative perceptions of stereotypical ADHD behaviors than "normal" behaviors. Two measures of student teachers' implicit perceptions of ADHD were not significantly related.
148

Factors that influence the prescribing and use of methylphenidate for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in primary school children in Polokwane

Coetzee, Barbara Corné January 2009 (has links)
Theses (MSc.(Med.)(Pharmacy))--University of Limpopo, 2009. / Background: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is the current diagnostic label for children presenting with significant problems with attention, and typically with impulsiveness and excessive activity as well. It is the most common neurobehavioural disorder of childhood, and therefore critical to clarify the diagnosis. ADHD is a seemingly heterogeneous group of behaviour disorders affecting between 5% - 10% of primary school children. Overdiagnosis of ADHD and overprescribing of stimulants are considered problems in some communities, emphasising the need for careful evaluation and diagnosis. Methylphenidate is currently the first choice of treatment. The main focus of this study was to investigate whether the diagnosis of these children was done by field experts according to the criteria as set in the DSM-IV TR. This influences the decision to prescribe methylphenidate and the monitoring of the child during treatment. Method: The parents of 50 clinically diagnosed ADHD children, from various primary schools situated in Polokwane, were interviewed and completed a questionnaire. Results: The findings indicated that 20% of the sample did not meet the DSM-IV TR criteria. 28% of the sample was advised to take methylphenidate by people without appropriate clinical knowledge of ADHD. The final diagnosis and prescribing of methylphenidate is overwhelmingly done by General Practitioners (47%). ADHD symptomatology (hyperactivity - impulsiveness and inattention) was not taken in account when prescribing methylphenidate. There was no definite monitoring of patients before and while on methylphenidate. Positive improvements in ADHD symptoms after methylphenidate therapy, shows that methylphenidate is still prominent and successful in the pharmacotherapy of the ADHD child. Conclusion: Based on the results of the study there does not appear to be enough evidence that proper protocols or guidelines were followed. Some children were diagnosed as having ADHD with insufficient evaluation and in some cases stimulant medication was prescribed when treatment alternatives might exist. It seems that not all clinicians prescribing methylphenidate have the necessary professional experience and/or qualifications regarding ADHD. This is an indication that there is a need for South African guidelines similar to The American Academy of Pediatrics’ Clinical Practice Guidelines and the European Clinical Guidelines for Hyperkinetic Disorder. However, with correct diagnosis and individualised prescribing and usage of methylphenidate, there will be positive improvements in ADHD symptoms after methylphenidate therapy.
149

Use of the Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms Rating Scale with Preschool Children

Phillips, Penny LaDee 01 May 2000 (has links)
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common disorder among children and is usually diagnosed during the school years, although symptoms must be present before age 7. As more children enter into preschool programs, there is great opportunity for early identification and treatment of behaviors related to ADHD. The earlier children with symptoms of ADHD are treated, the better their chances of having successful school experiences. Unfortunately, diagnosing ADHD during early childhood is difficult, in part because there is a lack of adequate assessment instruments designed for this age group. The instruments that are available generally do not focus specifically on ADHD symptomology. The ADHD-SRS, a rating scale specifically developed for ADHD assessment, was designed for school-age (K-12) children. The present research study investigated the psychometric properties of the ADHD-SRS with a preschool-aged sample. The participants were 414 preschool children who were rated by their teachers and/or parents using the ADHD-SRS. The results shed some light on normative levels of ADHD behaviors in preschool children. It was found that the ADHD-SRS has good psychometric characteristics (e.g., internal consistency, convergent/divergent validity) for this population. Teacher and parent concordance was moderate (.31), consistent with other research findings. Limitations, clinical implications, and directions for future research are addressed.
150

Relationships between Life Satisfaction, Symptoms of Inattention and Hyperactivity/Impulsivity, and Depressive Symptoms in High School Students

Bateman, Lisa Paige 02 June 2014 (has links)
Given increased evidence related to the importance of fostering life satisfaction in the overall population (Diener & Diener, 1996), as well as recent suggestions regarding the importance of increasing positive academic and social outcomes for children with ADHD (DuPaul, 2007), it is important to gain a clearer understanding of how life satisfaction may be related to symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity. Research on the relationship between life satisfaction and symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity is currently limited to two studies (Gudjonsson et al., 2009; Ogg et al., 2014). The current study investigated the relationship between symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity and reports of global life satisfaction in 399 high school students. This study used the bifactor model to conceptualize ADHD given that this model provided the best fit when compared to other models of ADHD in the current study and given that there is substantial evidence in the current literature to support the use of this model (Martel, von Eye, & Nigg, 2010). Structural equation modeling results demonstrated that the general factor of ADHD was a significant predictor of life satisfaction when students rated ADHD symptoms, and the inattention factor of ADHD was a significant predictor of life satisfaction when teachers rated ADHD symptoms. In addition, because depressive symptoms have been associated with life satisfaction and inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, the current study examined if life satisfaction moderated or mediated the relationship between inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity and depressive symptoms. Results of the present study suggested that life satisfaction serves as a potential but weak moderator in the relationship between general ADHD and depression when symptoms of ADHD were rated by teachers. Results also demonstrated that life satisfaction mediated the relationship between general ADHD symptoms and depressive symptoms when ADHD symptoms were rated by students, and life satisfaction mediated the relationship between inattentive symptoms and depressive symptoms when ADHD symptoms were rated by teachers. The current study contributes to existing literature on life satisfaction given that there are currently only two studies, one which was conducted with an adult population and one of which was conducted with a middle school population, specifically examining levels of life satisfaction in individuals with symptoms of ADHD. The results of this study provide additional confirmation of the negative relationship between ADHD symptoms and life satisfaction. Moreover, this study was the first to examine how life satisfaction may play a role in the relationship between symptoms of ADHD and depressive symptoms. This study supports that life satisfaction primarily plays a mediating role in the relationship between ADHD symptoms and depressive symptoms and provides support for further examination of this role in future studies.

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