Submitted by isabela.moljf@hotmail.com (isabela.moljf@hotmail.com) on 2017-05-22T12:19:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 lorenaribeirosilva.pdf: 2123336 bytes, checksum: ab76b81e5560787df306ad092e2aa1de (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-05-22T17:25:27Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 lorenaribeirosilva.pdf: 2123336 bytes, checksum: ab76b81e5560787df306ad092e2aa1de (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-22T17:25:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 lorenaribeirosilva.pdf: 2123336 bytes, checksum: ab76b81e5560787df306ad092e2aa1de (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-13 / FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais / A depressão é uma das desordens psíquicas mais comuns distribuídas na população e que pode acometer mulheres durante o período gestacional. O extrato de Hypericum perforatum L. (Hp) tem sido utilizado para o tratamento de depressão leve a moderada e com menos efeitos adversos do que os antidepressivos alopáticos. Há poucos estudos sobre o seu uso seguro durante a gravidez e de sua interferência na geração exposta durante a vida intrauterina. Portanto, o presente trabalho propôs-se a estudar o efeito da exposição do extrato seco de Hp no desenvolvimento neonatal e no processo de aprendizagem e memória dos filhotes de ratas Wistar tratadas durante a gestação. Foram utilizados ratos Wistar (machos e fêmeas), obtidos da colônia do biotério do Centro de Biologia da Reprodução (CBR) - Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF). Ratas Wistar prenhes foram distribuídas aleatoriamente em quatro grupos (n=10): um controle, que recebeu água filtrada, e três grupos tratados que receberam o extrato de Hp nas doses de 36 mg/kg/dia; 72 mg/kg/dia e 144 mg/kg/dia, durante toda a gestação, por via intragástrica. Após o parto, foram selecionados, aleatoriamente, 10 filhotes fêmeas e 10 filhotes machos de cada grupo experimental. Estes filhotes foram acompanhados no período neonatal para avaliação do desenvolvimento físico e reflexológico e na vida adulta, foram submetidos à avaliação do aprendizado e memória. Para avaliação do desenvolvimento neonatal foram observados os seguintes parâmetros: abertura dos olhos, desdobramento da orelha, aparecimento de lanugo e pelos, erupção do incisivo superior e inferior, abertura vaginal; descida dos testículos; resposta postural, preensão palmar, esquiva ao abismo, teste de orientação e geotaxia negativa. Para avaliação da memória foram utilizados o teste de esquiva inibitória e o teste de reconhecimento de objetos. O projeto foi aprovado pelo protocolo nº 101/2012, CEUA/UFJF. O desenvolvimento físico e reflexológico dos filhotes das ratas dos grupos experimentais ocorreram entre o segundo e o trigésimo sétimo dia de vida pós-natal, não apresentando diferença significativa entre os grupos. Os dados relativos ao aprendizado e memória também não demonstraram alteração significativa. Portanto, o Hp não interferiu no desenvolvimento neonatal e cognitivo em termos de aprendizado e memória dos filhotes das ratas que receberam o extrato durante a gestação. / Depression is one of the most common mental disorders distributed in the population and that can affect women during pregnancy. Hypericum perforatum L. extract (Hp) has been used for the treatment of mild to moderate depression with fewer side effects than allopathic antidepressants. There are few studies on its safe use during pregnancy and its interference in the exposed generation during intrauterine life. Therefore, this study aimed to study the effect of exposure Hp dry extract neonatal development and the process of learning and memory of Wistar rats' pups treated during pregnancy. Wistar rats (male and female), obtained from the animal house of the colony Reproductive Biology Center (CBR) - Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF). Pregnant Wistar rats were randomly distributed into four groups (n = 10) a control, which received filtered water, and three experimental groups that received the Hp extract in doses of 36 mg/ kg/day; 72 mg/kg/day and 144 mg/kg/day throughout gestation, intragastrically. After parturition, were randomly selected 10 young female and 10 male offspring from each experimental group. These puppies were followed in the neonatal period to assess the physical and reflexology and adulthood, underwent assessment of learning and memory. To evaluate the following neonatal development parameters were observed: eye opening, ear splitting, appearance of lanugo and hair, upper and lower incisor eruption, vaginal opening; descent of the testis; postural response, grasping reflex, cliff avoidance, orientation test and negative geotaxis. To assess memory we used the inhibitory avoidance task and the object recognition test. The project was approved by Protocol 101/2012, CEUA / UFJF. The physical and reflexology of the rats in the experimental groups occurred between the second and the thirty-seventh day of postnatal life, with no differences between groups. The data on learning and memory also showed no significant change. Therefore, the Hp did not interfere in the neonatal and cognitive development in terms of learning and memory of the rats receiving the extract during pregnancy.

Mini-dissertation submitted in compliance with the requirements of the Master's Degree in Technology: Homoeopathy, Durban University of Technology, 2006. / The purpose of this double-blind placebo-controlled study was to evaluate the relative and combined efficacy of the homoeopathic similimum, taken orally, and the topical application of a lotion made from the homoeopathic mother tinctures of Hypericum perforatum and Calendula officinalis in the treatment of venous leg ulcers. Venous hypertension in the lower limb, occurring from a variety of causes, leads to microcirculatory abnormalities which may permit the formation of a chronic ulcer (Zimmet, 1998). Venous leg ulcers are a cause of much debility, social isolation, depression, fears of loss of employment and income (Royal College of Nursing Institute, 1998). The mainstay of treatment at present is compression bandaging to reduce the venous pressure in the lower limb. Eighty percent of venous leg ulcers will heal within eight to twelve weeks with compression bandaging (Thomas, 1997). Homoeopathy is a system of medicine based on natural laws of healing, and recognizes the biophysical energy of an individual (also known as the vital force) as that which provides the normal protective defence mechanisms of the body, and is disturbed in disease, producing symptoms on the physical, mental and emotional levels (Vithoulkas, 1980). Many plants are known to have wound-healing properties (Curtis and Fraser, 2003). Calendula officinalis and Hypericum perforatum were considered the best plants in a homoeopathic lotion to be used on chronic venous leg ulcers, as they cover all the common problems associated with this type of wound, providing pain relief and anti-microbial activity (Lawless, 1995). In this study, homoeopathic mother tinctures of the herbs were used to make the lotion for topical application to the wounds. / M

"October 2004" / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 223-243) / xvi, 243 leaves : ill. (col.), maps, plates ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture and Wine, Discipline of Plant and Pest Science, 2004

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2000. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 230-254). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2000. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 230-254). Also available on the Internet.

Plants are a source of a wide range of secondary substances, which due to their effects find use in many areas of focus. By a method called elicitation, we can achieve their higher and thus more efficient production. This diploma thesis aimed to determine whether the abiotic elicitor 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-(5-chloropyridin-2-yl)acetamide can positively affect the production of the flavonoid hyperoside in callus and suspension culture of Hypericum perforatum L. The elicitor was added to the in vitro cultures in three concentrations: C1 = 3,571.10-3 mol/l; C2 = 3,571.10-4 mol/l and C3 = 3,571.10-5 mol/l. A sample was taken at regular intervals after 6, 24, 48, 72 and 168 hours of elicitor treatment. Control samples were taken after 24 and 168 hours. The content of hyperoside produced was subsequently determined using High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Simultaneously, the amount of hyperoside released into the nutrient media of both plant cultures was also monitored. Maximum hyperoside production was recorded in suspension culture after 6 (17,7 µg/g DW) and 48 hours (3,69 µg/g DW) of elicitor treatment with the lowest concentration of C3 (3,571.10-5 mol/l). The content of hyperoside in the first case was 1770 % higher compared to the control sample. There was a significant release of hyperoside...

Το Hypericum perforatum (Υπερικό το διάτρητο) είναι ένα από τα πιο παλιά φαρμακευτικά φυτά που χρησιμοποιούταν στη λαϊκή θεραπευτική πολλών διαφορετικών πολιτισμών, ως επουλωτικό, αντιφλεγμονώδες και αντικαταθλιπτικό. Αλκοολικά εκχυλίσματα αυτού συνιστούν σκευάσματα που κυκλοφορούν ως συμπληρώματα ή φάρμακα για διαταραχές της ήπιας και μέτριας κατάθλιψης. Φλαβονοειδή, φαινολικά οξέα, ναφθοδιανθρόνες και φλωρογλουκινόλες είναι οι κύριες ομάδες συστατικών που βρίσκονται σε μεγάλη περιεκτικότητα στα φυτικά εκχυλίσματα. Στην παρούσα μελέτη πραγματοποιήθηκε ανάπτυξη αναλυτικής μεθόδου για τον προσδιορισμό και την ποσοτικοποίηση κύριων βιοδραστικών συστατικών του Hypericum perforatum με τη χρήση υγρής χρωματογραφίας υψηλής απόδοσης με ανιχνευτή συστοιχίας φωτοδιόδων (Ηigh Performance Liquid Chromatography - Diode Array Detector, HPLC-DAD). Μετά από πιλοτικά πειράματα σε στήλη ανάστροφης φάσης Luna C-18, ο διαχωρισμός των συστατικών του μεθανολικού εκχυλίσματος έγινε με χρήση συστήματος βαθμιδωτής έκλουσης με τρεις διαλύτες: ρυθμιστικό διάλυμα 10 mM οξικού αμμωνίου, pH=4,5/ ακετονιτρίλιο/ μεθανόλη και ροή 1.0 mL/min. Η μέθοδος πιστοποιήθηκε με πρότυπα χλωρογενικού οξέος, ρουτίνης, υπεροζίτη, κερσετίνης, ισοκερσετίνης και υπερικίνης και τα ποιοτικά χαρακτηριστικά της μεθόδου είναι εντός των αποδεκτών ορίων που θεσπίζει ο ΕΜΕΑ. Η αναπτυχθείσα μέθοδος μπορεί να εφαρμοσθεί για τον ποιοτικό και ποσοτικό έλεγχο εκχυλισμάτων Hypericum, όπως και για τον χαρακτηρισμό της σύστασης διαφόρων taxa Hypericum τα οποία δεν έχουν μελετηθεί. Πρόσφατη μελέτη αναφέρθηκε στις νευροπροστατευτικές ιδιότητες του εκχυλίσματος σε διαβητικά πειραματόζωα και αυτό αποτέλεσε το έναυσμα διερεύνησης της επίδρασης αυτού στη μη ενζυμική γλυκοζυλίωση των πρωτεϊνών, που συμβαίνει σε συνθήκες υπεργλυκαιμίας στους ασθενείς με σακχαρώδη διαβήτη. Η πλεονάζουσα γλυκόζη αντιδρά μη ενζυμικά με πλήθος πρωτεϊνικών μορίων, επηρεάζοντας τη δομή και τη λειτουργία αυτών. Σε συνθήκες εμμένουσας υπεργλυκαιμίας και διάρκειας εβδομάδων η αντίδραση αυτή έχει ως αποτέλεσμα το σχηματισμό φθοριζουσών τελικών προϊόντων, μη-αναστρέψιμων (Advanced Glycation End-products, AGEs), τα οποία συνεισφέρουν στην ανάπτυξη των αγγειακών διαβητικών επιπλοκών. Ο έλεγχος της έντασης φθορισμού έγινε μετά από επώαση τριών ημερών αλβουμίνης βόειου ορού (10 mg/mL) και ριβόζης (0,5 M) σε όγκο 350 μL, παρουσία ή απουσία του φυτικού εκχυλίσματος και των συστατικών αυτού. Τα αποτελέσματα έδειξαν σημαντική ανασταλτική δράση του εκχυλίσματος (100 μg/mL) (70%) και των μεμονωμένων συστατικών του (100 μΜ), κύρια δε των φλαβονοειδών. Τα αποτελέσματα αυτά συνεισφέρουν στην επιστημονική αναζήτηση μη τοξικών αναστολέων σχηματισμού AGEs για την αντιμετώπιση των αγγειακών επιπλοκών του διαβήτη. Λέξεις-κλειδιά: Hypericum perforatum, HPLC ανάλυση, Τελικά προϊόντα προχωρημένης γλυκοζυλίωσης (AGEs) / Hypericum perforatum (Saint John’s wort) has been used since antiquity in folk medicine as a wound-healing, anti-inflammatory and antidepressant drug. Alcoholic extracts of this plant are the constituents of drug preparations or supplements that are used for mild to moderate depression. Flavonoids, phenolic acids, napthodianthrones and phloroglucinols are the main constituents of high content in herbal extracts. In the present study, a High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analytical method was developed for the quality and quantity control of bioactive components of Hypericum perforatum methanolic extracts. After a great variety of elution gradients on a C-18 Luna column, the natural products were completely separated by a linear gradient of 10mM ammonium acetate (pH=4,5) -acetonitrile-methanol in one run within 60 min and flow 1.0 mL/min. The chromatographic method was validated using commercially available standards of chlorogenic acid, rutin, hyperoside, quercetin, isoquercitrin and hypericin and the quality values were within the acceptable limits of EMEA. The developed method can be applied towards the quality and quantity control of hypericum extracts and the characterization of the composition of Hypericum taxa, which have not been studied. A recent study mentioned the neuroprotective capacity of the extract in diabetic rats and that was the beginning of a research about its effect in non-enzymatic glycosylation of proteins that occurs in diabetic patients, in hyperglycaemia conditions. The redundant glycose react non-enzymatically with a number of proteins, affecting their structure and function. Under sustained hyperglycaemia conditions and in natural aging, further glycation of proteins causes the generation of AGEs (Advanced Glycation End-products).AGEs may fluoresce under ultraviolet light and contribute to the development of diabetic vascular complications. The measurement of fluorescence intensity was realized after a 3-days incubation of bovine serum albumin (10 mg/mL) with ribose (0,5 M) in the presence or absence of herbal extract and its constituents. The final volume of reaction was 350 μL. The results showed significant inhibitory effect of the extract (100 μg/mL) (70%) and its components (100 μΜ), mainly that of flavonoids. The present results contribute to scientific research of non-toxic inhibitors of AGEs formation in order to get faced the diabetic vascular complications.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-05-17T15:11:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 viniciusdealmeidavieira.pdf: 1001088 bytes, checksum: e1032b4562d8eb7301c929f396f1eff7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-06-28T14:38:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 viniciusdealmeidavieira.pdf: 1001088 bytes, checksum: e1032b4562d8eb7301c929f396f1eff7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-28T14:38:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 viniciusdealmeidavieira.pdf: 1001088 bytes, checksum: e1032b4562d8eb7301c929f396f1eff7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-11-21 / FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais / A depressão gestacional é um assunto de grande preocupação, considerando-se os riscos de reincidência de sintomas futuros e os efeitos deletérios à saúde materna e de seus descendentes. Os antidepressivos sintéticos não diminuem a reincidência de sintomas no pós-parto, possuem muitos efeitos colaterais e não são isentos de riscos ao feto. O Hypericum perforatum L. (HP) é um fitofármaco muito utilizado no tratamento da depressão, que apresenta menos efeitos colaterais, parece não apresentar efeitos teratogênicos, e o seu uso demonstrou diminuição da recorrência futura de sintomas. Por outro lado, ainda não se sabe seus reais efeitos, quando utilizado na gravidez, no comportamento futuro da mãe e no desenvolvimento comportamental de sua prole. Portanto, este trabalho avaliou o comportamento de ratas tratadas durante a gravidez com HP no período pós-natal e de seus descendentes na fase adulta. Ratas prenhas foram divididas em três grupos tratados (T1, T2 e T3) e um grupo controle (C), que receberam, por via intragástrica e uma vez ao dia durante toda a gestação, o extrato de HP nas doses de 36, 72 e 144 mg/kg e água destilada, respectivamente. As ratas foram submetidas, com 10 e 60 dias de pós-natal, ao teste do labirinto em cruz elevado para avaliação da ansiedade e aos testes do nado forçado e suspensão da cauda para avaliação da depressão. Os seus filhotes machos foram divididos em quatro grupos, de acordo com o tratamento recebido pelas mães, e avaliados aos 90 dias de vida. Eles foram submetidos aos testes da barra giratória e do tempo de sono induzido por barbitúricos para avaliação de uma possível ação no sistema nervoso central (SNC), aos testes do labirinto em cruz elevado e da placa perfurada para avaliação da ansiedade, e aos testes do nado forçado e de suspensão da cauda para avaliação da depressão. As ratas pertencentes aos grupos T2 e T3, apresentaram um menor comportamento ansioso no teste do labirinto em cruz elevado, e um menor comportamento depressivo nos testes de suspensão da cauda e nado forçado, quando avaliadas 10 e 60 dias após o nascimento dos filhotes e suspensão do tratamento. Nos testes da barra 8 giratória e do tempo de sono induzido por barbitúricos, os descendentes das ratas dos grupos T2 e T3 apresentaram um desempenho sugestivo de ação do HP no SNC, quando comparados aos descendentes das ratas do grupo controle. Nos testes da placa perfurada e do labirinto em cruz elevado e nos testes de suspensão da cauda e do nado forçado, os animais destes mesmos grupos apresentaram um comportamento menos ansioso e depressivo, respectivamente. Portanto, o uso de HP na gestação diminuiu o comportamento depressivo e de ansiedade de ratas Wistar no período pós-natal e também de seus descendentes (F1) quando alcançam a fase adulta. / Gestational depression is a subject of great concern, considering the risks for the recurrence of symptoms and its harmful effects to the mother's and offspring's health. Synthetic antidepressants do not decrease the recurrence of symptoms in the postpartum period, present many side effects, and are not exempt of risks to the fetus. Hypericum perforatum (HP) is a phytopharmacon largely used in the treatment of depression, presents less side effects, does not seem to present teratogenic effects, and its use showed a decrease in the future recurrence of symptoms. On the other hand, its real effects in the future behavior of the mother and in the behavioral development of her offspring when used during pregnancy is not yet known. Therefore, this study evaluated the behavior of rats treated with HP during pregnancy in the postnatal period and of their offspring in their adult phase. Pregnant rats were divided into three treated groups (T1, T2 and T3) and a control group (C) that received, intragastrically, once a day, during the gestational period, HP extract in doses of 36, 72 and 144 mg/kg respectively and distilled water. At ten and 60 days of postnatal life, the rats were submitted to the elevated cross maze test for evaluation of anxiety and to the forced swim and tail suspension tests for evaluation of depression. Their male offspring were divided into four groups, according to the treatment received by the mothers, and evaluated at 90 days of age. They were submitted to the rotarod and barbiturate sleep-induced tests for evaluation of a possible action on the central nervous system (CNS), to the elevated cross maze and hole-board tests for evaluation of anxiety, and to the forced swim and tail suspension tests for evaluation of depression. The rats from groups T2 and T3 displayed less anxious behavior in the elevated cross maze test, and less depressive behavior in the tail suspension and forced swim tests when evaluated 10 and 60 days after the parturition of their offspring and discontinuation of treatment. In the rotarod and barbiturate sleep-induced tests, the offspring of the rats from groups T2 and T3 presented a suggestive performance of the HP action in the CNS, when compared with the offspring of 10 the rats from the control group. In the hole-board and elevated cross maze tests, as well as in the tail suspension and forced swim tests, the animals of these groups displayed less anxious and depressive behavior, respectively. Therefore, the use of HP during pregnancy reduced the depressive and anxiety behavior in Wistar rats in the postnatal period and also in their offspring (F1) when they reached their adult phase.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-08-24T17:29:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 leandrovespolicampos.pdf: 1925979 bytes, checksum: a437d2a7a7488eca8d27ad667669795d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-08-25T11:53:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 leandrovespolicampos.pdf: 1925979 bytes, checksum: a437d2a7a7488eca8d27ad667669795d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-25T11:53:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 leandrovespolicampos.pdf: 1925979 bytes, checksum: a437d2a7a7488eca8d27ad667669795d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-26 / FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais / O Hypericum perforatum (HP) é uma espécie utilizada classicamente como um fitoterápico antidepressivo e ansiolítico. Seus diferentes compostos (hipericina e hiperforina) proporcionam muitos outros efeitos, tais como: antinociceptivo e anticonvulsivante. O objetivo desta tese foi investigar a passagem do extrato hidro-alcoólico de H. perforatum pelas barreiras placentária e hematoencefálica fetal e seus prováveis efeitos antinociceptivo, anticonvulsivante, ansiolítico e antidepressivo sobre os descendentes ao atingirem a idade adulta. Para isto, ratas Wistar receberam doses de 36, 72 e 144 mg/kg de HP ao longo de toda a gestação, por via oral. A fluorescência observada demonstrou a presença do extrato de HP em todos os tecidos analisados tanto das ratas gestantes, quanto dos fetos. Testes para avaliação da atividade antinociceptiva e anticonvulsivante do extrato de HP foram realizados em ratas F1 adultas, as quais apresentaram aumento de ambas as respostas. Testes para avaliação das atividades ansiolítica e antidepressiva do extrato de HP foram realizados com ratos F1 adultos, resultando também em aumento desses efeitos. Estes resultados sugerem que a administração de HP durante a gestação provocou mudanças no neurodesenvolvimento de regiões cerebrais relacionadas com o controle da dor, convulsão, ansiedade e depressão em seus descendentes. / Hypericum perforatum (HP) is a classically used species as an antidepressant and anxiolytic herbal remedy. Its different compounds (hypericin and hyperforin) provide many other effects, such as: antinociceptive and anticonvulsive. The objective of this thesis was to investigate the passage of the hydroalcoholic extract of H. perforatum through placental and fetal blood-brain barrier and the probable antinociceptive, anticonvulsive, anxiolytic and antidepressant effects on offspring as they reach adulthood. Wistar rats received oral doses of 36, 72 and 144 mg/kg of HP throughout gestation. The observed fluorescence indicated the presence of the extract in all tissues analyzed from both pregnant rats and fetuses. Tests for evaluation of antinociceptive and anticonvulsant activity of HP extract were performed on adult F1 rats, which showed an increase in both responses. Tests for evaluation of anxiolytic and antidepressant activities of HP extract were performed on adult F1 rats, also resulting in an increase in these effects. These results suggest that the administration of HP during gestation caused changes in the neurodevelopment of brain regions related to the control of pain, seizure, anxiety and depression in their offspring.

The work presented in this thesis has demonstrated that the use of elemental profiles for the quality control of herbal medicines can be applied to multiple stages of processing. A single method was developed for the elemental analysis of a variety of St John’s Wort (Hypericum perforatum) preparations using Inductively Coupled Plasma – Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The optimised method consisted of using 5 ml of nitric acid and microwave digestion reaching temperatures of 185⁰C. Using NIST Polish tea (NIST INCT-TL- 1) the method was found to be accurate and the matrix effect from selected St John’s Wort (SJW) preparations was found to be ≤22%. The optimised method was then used to determine the elemental profiles for a larger number of SJW preparations (raw herbs=22, tablets=20 and capsules=12). Specifically, the method was used to determine the typical concentrations of 25 elements (Al, As, B, Ba, Be, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, In, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Pt, Sb, Se, Sr, V, Y and Zn) for each form of SJW which ranged from not detected to 200 mg/g. To further interpret the element profiles, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was carried out. This showed that different forms of SJW could be differentiated based on their elemental profile and the SJW ingredient used (i.e. extract or raw herb) identified. The differences in the profiles were likely due to two factors: (1) the addition of bulking agents and (2) solvent extraction. In order to further understand how the elemental profile changes when producing the extract from the raw plant, eight SJW herb samples were extracted with four solvents (100% water, 60% ethanol, 80% ethanol and 100% ethanol) and analysed for their element content. The results showed that the transfer of elements from the raw herb to an extract was solvent and metal dependent. Generally the highest concentrations of an element were extracted with 100% water, which decreased as the concentration of ethanol increased. However, the transfer efficiency for the element Cu was highest with 60% ethanol. The solvents utilised in industry (60% and 80% ethanol) were found to preconcentrate some elements; Cu (+119%), Mg (+93%), Ni (+183%) and Zn (+12%) were found to preconcentrate in 60 %v/v ethanol extracts and Cu (+5%) and Ni (+30%). PCA of the elemental profiles of the four types of extract showed that differentiation was observed between the different solvents and as the ethanol concentration increased, the extracts became more standardised. Analysis of the bioactive compounds rutin, hyperoside, quercetin, hyperforin and adhyperforin followed by subsequent Correlation Analysis (CA) displayed relationships between the elemental profiles and the molecular profiles. For example strong correlations were seen between hyperoside and Cr as well as Quercetin and Fe. This shows potential for tuning elemental extractions for metal-bioactive compounds for increased bioactivity and bioavailability; however further work in needed in this area.