This report aims to suggest recommendations that will increase the efficien¬cy in theconstruction process of a construction project. Through interviews, studies of budgetcalculations and examples given by the project management at the construction sightsan understanding of some complications have been gained. These complications havebeen tracked back in an attempt to find the source of the problem, and at the end ofthe report some suggestions have been presented with the pur-pose of preventingthese complications. Through the interviews it is suggested that many complications re-late to lack ofcommunication and motivation due to poor planning be-fore and during theconstruction process, a suggestion that is supported by the study of the budgetcalculations. The examples from the project management also points out someshortages in planning, but also coordi-nation related complications due to lack ofcommunication. To prevent these problems the recommendations suggested at the end of thisreport aims to improve the planning process through a properly fulfilledwalkthrough-planning of all of the construction activi¬ties during the time needed todo so. It is also suggested that the company uses experience from previous projects inorder to reduce costs, and that the qualifications of the employees is being appliedwhere it is needed. It also contains suggestions to re¬duce the com¬munica¬tion andcoordination problems, mainly through meetings and visible instructions. Somesuggestions about attitude, behavior and routines are also included in therecommendations.

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IT (Informationsteknik) och IKT (Informations- och kommunikationsteknik) har haft en snabb utveckling de senaste tjugo åren och det har skett stora förändringar i samhället. De stora förändringarna sätter krav på förskola och skola vars uppgift är att förbereda barn och ungdomar inför deras kommande arbetsliv där det garanterat kommer att komma i kontakt med den nya tekniken. Det främsta syftet med denna studie var bland annat att se vad några pedagoger hade för attityder till IKT i förskolan. En kvantitativ metod har används eftersom den ger möjlighet att kunna samla in ett större antal fakta för att sedan kunna analysera och finna mönster. För att få en djupare förståelse för de olika åsikter pedagoger har för IKT i förskolan och hur de arbetar har även kvalitativ metod använts då det är enklare att tolka och förstå det resultat som framkommer. Resultatet visar att det finns en viss oro hos pedagogerna för att datorn ska ta för mycket tid och att de andra aktiviteterna som till exempel fysiska aktiviteter och utevistelse ska bli åsidosatta. Men pedagogerna anser även att datorn är ett bra komplement och hjälp till barnens matte, läs- och skrivinlärning. Vanligast är att datorn används till olika former av pedagogiska dataspel, man använder den även som redskap i olika former av dokumentation.

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In this research, a set of integrated I/O interconnection and packaging technologies are investigated. MEMS-based sea-of-leads (SoL) compliant interconnects are demonstrated to be promising to eliminate the need for underfill between a Si chip and organic packaging substrate. Wafer-level packaging with the compliant interconnects can largely reduce the impact on the fragile low-k interlevel dielectric (ILD) films. The technology feasibility of the SoL MEMS I/O interconnects is demonstrated by process integration, assembly, and reliability assessment. To achieve the high power dissipation with compact form factor, integrated thermal-fluidic I/O interconnects and CMOS compatible microchannels are developed to enable a prototype on-chip microfluidic heat sink. In addition, highly integrated electrical and optical interconnects based on dual-mode polymer pillars are fabricated, assembled and tested as a potential solution to the I/O bandwidth bottleneck. The resulting integrated I/O interconnection and packaging technologies are compatible with back-end-of-the-line (BEOL) wafer processing and conventional flip-chip assembly.

Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is a mitogenic polypeptide that induces proliferation and activation of kinase pathways in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. The role of estrogen receptor α (ERα) in mediating responses induced by IGF-I was investigated in cells transfected with small inhibitory RNA for ERα (iERα) or cotreated with the pure antiestrogen ICI 182780. The results showed that IGF-I-dependent phosphorylation of Akt and MAPK, induction of G1–S-phase progression and enhanced expression of cyclin D1 and cyclin E were dependent on ERα. Moreover, these IGF-I-induced responses were also inhibited by the antiestrogen ICI 182780, suggesting that the effects of ICI 182780 as an inhibitor of IGF-I induced responses in breast cancer cells are primarily related to downregulation of ERα. Chemoprotective phytochemicals exhibit multiple activities and interact with several cellular receptors, including the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). We investigated the AhR agonist/antagonist activities of the following flavonoids: chrysin, phloretin, kaempferol, galangin, naringenin, genistein, quercetin, myricetin, luteolin, baicalein, daidzein, apigenin, and diosmin, in MCF-7 breast cancer cells, HepG2 human liver cells and mouse Hepa-1 cells. The dietary phytochemicals exhibited substantial cell context–dependent AhR agonist as well as antagonist activities, and these are factors that must be considered in risk assessment of overall exposures to AhR agonists. Halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (HAHs) such as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), 1,2,3,7,8- pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (PeCDD), 3,3’,4,4’,5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCBP), 2,3,7,8- tetrachlorodibenzofuran (TCDF) and 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran (PeCDF) bind and activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). It has been assumed that these compounds only differ in their potencies. The SAhRM-like activity of the 5 HAHs was investigated by determining ligand structure dependent differences in their induction of CYP1A1 and interactions of the AhR with a series of coactivators in a mammalian two-hybrid assay in three AhR-responsive cell lines, including mouse Hepa-1, Human HEK293 and human Panc1 cells. There were multiple structure-dependent differences in activation of luciferase activity in these cell lines transfected with VP-AhR and six different GAL4-coactivator chimeras and a GAL4-response element-luciferase promoter construct. The results show that HAHs selectively interact with coactivators and these interactions are dependent on cell-context, and even among HAHs, these compounds exhibit selective receptor modulator activity.

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