<p>Today there are many different Cad-applications on the market for engineers. Because of big building projects it has become more and more important to work with the same application or to have access to a neutral file type to be able to transfer files between different ones.</p><p>This report studies the single objects and how they react when transferring them between ADT and ArchiCAD via the neutral type IFC. We have also been looking at problems during the transfer between and if there are some connections between these problems. Afterwards we created a neutral object model of a small country house to see if the objects appeared different. The result shows no differences.</p><p>But looking at the problems that appeared during the transmissions they felt small and no logical.</p><p>Today it is not possible to save in a neutral type without facing small problems. But with small corrections it would become possible to use IFC without any difficulties. If we get IFC to work properly it would save a lot of time, effort and the possibility to store your projects for the future.</p>

Today there are many different Cad-applications on the market for engineers. Because of big building projects it has become more and more important to work with the same application or to have access to a neutral file type to be able to transfer files between different ones. This report studies the single objects and how they react when transferring them between ADT and ArchiCAD via the neutral type IFC. We have also been looking at problems during the transfer between and if there are some connections between these problems. Afterwards we created a neutral object model of a small country house to see if the objects appeared different. The result shows no differences. But looking at the problems that appeared during the transmissions they felt small and no logical. Today it is not possible to save in a neutral type without facing small problems. But with small corrections it would become possible to use IFC without any difficulties. If we get IFC to work properly it would save a lot of time, effort and the possibility to store your projects for the future.

Submitted by Lara Oliveira (lara@ufersa.edu.br) on 2018-03-28T18:40:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AbílioBDN_DISSERT.pdf: 904218 bytes, checksum: 56c0d02537c6cfc6883dc9f17965555c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Vanessa Christiane (referencia@ufersa.edu.br) on 2018-06-18T16:57:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 AbílioBDN_DISSERT.pdf: 904218 bytes, checksum: 56c0d02537c6cfc6883dc9f17965555c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Vanessa Christiane (referencia@ufersa.edu.br) on 2018-06-18T16:58:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 AbílioBDN_DISSERT.pdf: 904218 bytes, checksum: 56c0d02537c6cfc6883dc9f17965555c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-18T16:58:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AbílioBDN_DISSERT.pdf: 904218 bytes, checksum: 56c0d02537c6cfc6883dc9f17965555c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The study of species feeding helps in understanding aspects of their biology and population dynamics. The purpose of the present research was to analyze the food content, characterizing the feeding of the flying fish Hirundichthys affinis collected in two sites in the Atlantic Ocean Southwest Tropical. The surveys were carried out in July 2016 in the vicinity of the PIRATA Program buoy located in the western equatorial Atlantic, distant 323 nautical miles from the Areia Branca - RN, and in the slope off Macau – RN in January of 2017. Stomachs and guts contents were analyzed by the identified categories, regarding frequency and volumetric frequencies, which were combined in the calculation of Alimentary Index (IAi). The prey item volumes were ordered in NMDS and their significant differences tested by PERMANOVA, while the contribution of each food item to the differences between the sites was evaluated through the SIMPER analysis. However, morphometric, spatial and temporal factors influenced in a relevant way the diet of the species at each point, classifying H. affinis collected in the vicinity of the PIRATA float as carcinophagous and individuals caught off the coast of Macau as piscivorous tending to carcinophagous / O estudo da alimentação das espécies ajuda na compreensão dos aspectos da biologia e da dinâmica populacional. A proposta do presente trabalho foi analisar o conteúdo alimentar, caracterizando a alimentação do peixe voador Hirundichthys affinis coletado em dois pontos no Oceano Atlântico Sudoeste Tropical. As coletas foram realizadas no mês de julho de 2016 nas proximidades da boia do Programa PIRATA localizada no Atlântico Oeste Equatorial, distante 323 milhas náuticas do cais de origem, Areia Branca - RN e na costa do município de Macau - RN no mês de janeiro de 2017. Estômagos e intestinos foram analisados, das categorias identificadas, foram obtidas as frequências de ocorrência e volumétrica, combinadas no cálculo de Índice Alimentar (IAi). Os volumes dos itens foram ordenados em NMDS e as suas diferenças testadas em PERMANOVA, a contribuição de cada item alimentar para as diferenças entre os pontos foi avaliada através da análise SIMPER. As análises dos conteúdos alimentares permitiram o enquadramento da espécie na categoria trófica de carnívora com tendência a carcinofagia, contudo, fatores morfométrico, espacial e temporal influenciaram de forma relevante na dieta da espécie em cada ponto, classificando H. affinis coletado nas proximidades da boia PIRATA como carcinófago e os indivíduos capturados na costa de Macau como piscívora com tendência a carcinofagia / 2018-03-28

Please note: This degree was awarded by the University of Kwazulu-Natal. Permission was granted to archive it in this database for teaching purposes.This study reports the development and use of an original methodology to measure inflation credibility, as well as the first results of such measurement in terms of an inflation credibility barometer. The barometer is an instrument measuring the degree of acceptance of the accuracy of historic inflation figures. Despite the lack of knowledge about inflation and the low inflation credibility recorded by this first calculation of an inflation credibility barometer for South Africa, valuable information about inflation is unveiled to the authorities. The research results serve as a benchmark, but cannot be compared to earlier research, as this study represents the first systematic measurement of inflation credibility in South Africa. The barometer yields better results than the limited current international measurement of perceptions of the accuracy of historic inflation figures. The barometer (i) reports the credibility of inflation figures as a figure between zero and 100; (ii) will highlight changes in credibility over time with repeated use; (iii) can be explained easily to the general public; (iv) provides for international comparison between countries; and (v) can be used by all countries. The use of inflation credibility barometers and changes in barometer readings over time can also serve as an early warning system for changes in inflation perceptions that might feed through to inflation expectations. Sampling results used to calculate a South African inflation credibility barometer show little public understanding of the rate of inflation. Owing to an increased focus on inflation figures in countries using an inflation-targeting monetary policy, central banks entrusted with such a policy should adopt a communication strategy highlighting the calculation and measurement of the rate of inflation. This study shows that no generally accepted international benchmarks for successful central-bank communication strategies have been developed, but the use of the methodology developed in this study will assist in the assessment of the effectiveness of communication strategies. This study makes three further contributions of significance to available literature on inflation in South Africa. The first is an analysis of prices increases and inflation over a period of 85 years (1921 to 2006) and a selected comparison of salaries and remuneration over a period of 78 years (1929 to 2006). To this end data sets were developed for comparative purposes, thereby distinguishing between perception and reality about the accuracy of inflation figures over time. As this comparison has not been done before, a methodology was developed that can be used in future research. Based on these comparisons an inflation accuracy indicator (IAI) is developed for the first time. The research showed no systematic over or under-reporting of price increases, therefore confirming the general accuracy of the consumer price index (CPI) over time. As with the inflation credibility barometer, this methodology can be used internationally to confirm the accuracy of countries’ inflation figures over time. This methodology can also be used by developing countries with capacity constraints in economic modelling and forecasting. The second contribution to available literature is the first analysis of South Africa’s experience with inflation over a period of 85 years from the perspective of the central bank. This analysis highlights not only the difficulties encountered by a central bank to contain inflation, but also focuses the attention on the policy errors of the authorities in their quest to contain rising prices. The third contribution is an analysis of international and domestic initiatives aimed at improving the accuracy and measurement of inflation. The implications of these initiatives for developing countries are considered in the interest of a level international playing field between developed and developing countries. eo / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Economics / PhD / Unrestricted