<p>Uppsatsen behandlar den finansiella redovisningen av avsättningar för avhjälpande av förorenings­skador. Syftet är att undersöka hur ägarkoncentrationen hänger samman med den grad av informationspublicering företag har valt kring dessa avsättningar. I studien undersöks 44 företag inom olika branscher och med olika ägandeformer. I jämförelsen mellan samtliga fallföretag konstaterar vi att det finns ett samband mellan låg ägar­­kon­centration och hög grad av informations­publicering. Vi diskuterar också hur graden av vinstsyfte kan påverka graden av informations­publicering. För att ge läsaren en mer konkret bild av hur värderingsmetoderna kan se ut och hur de kan variera mellan olika företag har vi även genomfört intervjuer med representanter för fem av våra fallföretag.</p>

Uppsatsen behandlar den finansiella redovisningen av avsättningar för avhjälpande av förorenings­skador. Syftet är att undersöka hur ägarkoncentrationen hänger samman med den grad av informationspublicering företag har valt kring dessa avsättningar. I studien undersöks 44 företag inom olika branscher och med olika ägandeformer. I jämförelsen mellan samtliga fallföretag konstaterar vi att det finns ett samband mellan låg ägar­­kon­centration och hög grad av informations­publicering. Vi diskuterar också hur graden av vinstsyfte kan påverka graden av informations­publicering. För att ge läsaren en mer konkret bild av hur värderingsmetoderna kan se ut och hur de kan variera mellan olika företag har vi även genomfört intervjuer med representanter för fem av våra fallföretag.

The diploma thesis deals with problems of provisions. Its substantial part is devoted to obvious provisions. First of all, there is metioned a general determination of provisions and some of Generally accepted accounting principles, which have the largest influence on formation of provisions. The thesis describes provisions according to International Financial Reporting Standards and according to the Czech legislation. Consequently, the thesis compares czech approach to provisions with IFRS's approach. With regard to upcoming amendments of provision in IFRS the part of thesis reports essential proposed changes. The end of the thesis is devoted to buried reserves. There is mentioned life cycle, meaning and examples of buried reserves.

Submitted by José Roque Leite (jose.roque.leite@hotmail.com) on 2018-07-31T18:39:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 EVIDENCIAÇÃO DE PROVISÕES E PASSIVOS CONTINGENTES (IAS 37CPC 25) v.f..pdf: 1200124 bytes, checksum: e6bef2109619167c168d594de49e67d2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Simone de Andrade Lopes Pires (simone.lopes@fgv.br) on 2018-08-02T00:21:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 EVIDENCIAÇÃO DE PROVISÕES E PASSIVOS CONTINGENTES (IAS 37CPC 25) v.f..pdf: 1200124 bytes, checksum: e6bef2109619167c168d594de49e67d2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suzane Guimarães (suzane.guimaraes@fgv.br) on 2018-08-02T12:58:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 EVIDENCIAÇÃO DE PROVISÕES E PASSIVOS CONTINGENTES (IAS 37CPC 25) v.f..pdf: 1200124 bytes, checksum: e6bef2109619167c168d594de49e67d2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-02T12:58:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EVIDENCIAÇÃO DE PROVISÕES E PASSIVOS CONTINGENTES (IAS 37CPC 25) v.f..pdf: 1200124 bytes, checksum: e6bef2109619167c168d594de49e67d2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-06-25 / Este trabalho compara o nível de atendimento de empresas brasileiras e francesas aos requisitos de divulgação definidos pelo IAS 37/CPC 25 - Provisões, Passivos e Ativos Contingentes. A amostra total foi subdividida em dois grupos: as 50 maiores empresas brasileiras e as 50 maiores empresas francesas (com base no faturamento) com ações negociadas no mercado de balcão norte-americano, sob a forma de American Depositary Receipts (ADRs), e as 50 maiores negociadas apenas em bolsa local. O índice de divulgação foi apurado a partir da leitura dos Balanços e Notas Explicativas do ano fiscal de 2016, com auxílio de um checklist dos itens de divulgação requeridos pela norma. Um primeiro resultado interessante se refere à diferença de comportamento em relação ao provisionamento de contingências: na França cerca de 87% das contingências estão provisionadas, enquanto no Brasil esse montante é de apenas 21%, ou seja, 79% das contingências reportadas nas demonstrações financeiras das empresas brasileiras não são reconhecidas no Balanço, sendo apenas divulgadas em Notas Explicativas. Em relação ao índice de divulgação, os resultados indicaram um nível de divulgação superior das empresas francesas em relação às brasileiras (uma média de 56,0% contra 48,9%, significante a 1%), condizente com a hipótese de que empresas listadas em países mais desenvolvidos economicamente tendem a divulgar mais. Além disso, o comportamento da divulgação entre as empresas francesas se mostrou bem mais condizente com o esperado a partir da literatura: empresas francesas com ADRs negociadas no mercado de balcão norte-americano tendem a divulgar mais que as negociadas apenas no mercado local; empresas maiores tendem a divulgar mais e empresas com maior montante de provisões para contingências também tendem a divulgar mais. Já no Brasil, ao contrário, foram encontradas evidências de um maior índice de divulgação entre as empresas negociadas apenas no mercado local que nas com ADRs no mercado de balcão, além de ter sido encontrada uma fraca correlação entre o índice de divulgação e as duas variáveis quantitativas analisadas: tamanho da empresa e materialidade das contingências provisionadas. / This study compares the compliance level of Brazilian and French companies in relation to the disclosure requirements defined by IAS 37/CPC 25 - Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Assets. The total sample was subdivided into two groups: the 50 largest Brazilian and French (revenue-based) companies with shares traded on the US over-the-counter market in the form of American Depositary Receipts (ADRs), and the 50 largest traded only in local stock market. The level of disclosure was determined based on the reading of the Balance Sheets and Explanatory Notes for the fiscal year of 2016, with the support of a checklist of the disclosure items required by the standard. A first interesting result refers to the difference in behavior in relation to the provisioning of contingencies: in France, 87% of the contingencies are provisioned, while in Brazil this amount is only 21%, or 79% of the contingencies reported in the financial statements of Brazilian companies are not recognized in the Balance Sheet, but only disclosed in the Explanatory Notes. Regarding to the level of disclosure, the results indicated a higher level of disclosure by the French companies in relation to the Brazilian companies (an average of 56.0% against 48.9%, significant at 1%), consistent with the hypothesis that listed companies in most economically developed countries tend to disclose more. In addition, the behavior of disclosure among French companies proved to be much more consistent with that expected from the literature: French companies with ADRs traded in the US over-the-counter market tend to disclose more than those traded only in the local market; larger companies tend to disclose more and companies with larger amounts of provisions for contingencies also tend to disclose more. In Brazil, on the other hand, evidence of a higher level of disclosure was found among companies traded only in the local market than in ADRs in the over-the-counter market, and a weak correlation was found between the level of disclosure and the two quantitative variables analyzed: size of the company and materiality of the contingencies provisioned.

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Faça as alterações e submeta o trabalho novamente, Atenciosamente Simone on 2018-06-26T22:16:00Z (GMT) / Submitted by SAULO SIMONI NACIF (saulo.nacif@uol.com.br) on 2018-06-27T18:01:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TCC Saulo Nacif 29 May 2018 Rev.pdf: 1835952 bytes, checksum: c5dea024ab9d1d5b9334d613c1e1ac7d (MD5) / Rejected by Simone de Andrade Lopes Pires (simone.lopes@fgv.br), reason: Prezada SAULO Recebemos a postagem do seu trabalho na biblioteca digital e para ser aprovado serão necessários alguns ajustes: 1º Ficha catalográfica vem depois da folha de rosto. 2º Na folha de aprovação falta colocar a instituição dos professores da banca. Por favor, faça os ajustes e submeta o trabalho novamente na biblioteca digital. Atenciosamente, Simone de A Lopes Pires SRA on 2018-06-28T16:26:17Z (GMT) / Submitted by SAULO SIMONI NACIF (saulo.nacif@uol.com.br) on 2018-06-28T16:55:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TCC Saulo Nacif 29 May 2018 com ficha catalográfica Rev2.pdf: 1836333 bytes, checksum: 9d3db4d0237f2dbe134472fe3f41442d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Simone de Andrade Lopes Pires (simone.lopes@fgv.br) on 2018-06-29T00:58:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TCC Saulo Nacif 29 May 2018 com ficha catalográfica Rev2.pdf: 1836333 bytes, checksum: 9d3db4d0237f2dbe134472fe3f41442d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suzane Guimarães (suzane.guimaraes@fgv.br) on 2018-06-29T12:25:20Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TCC Saulo Nacif 29 May 2018 com ficha catalográfica Rev2.pdf: 1836333 bytes, checksum: 9d3db4d0237f2dbe134472fe3f41442d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-29T12:25:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TCC Saulo Nacif 29 May 2018 com ficha catalográfica Rev2.pdf: 1836333 bytes, checksum: 9d3db4d0237f2dbe134472fe3f41442d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018 / This study analyses firms' compliance with disclosure requirements of the International Accounting Standard 37 (IAS 37 - provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets), through a thorough examination of the 20-F Reports of 91 foreign companies for the fiscal year of 2016. These companies have in common that they are foreign firms cross-listed in the U.S. stock exchanges NASDAQ or NYSE, they report under IFRS both locally and in the U.S., and they are from 14 countries that obligate the adoption of IFRS for locally traded companies. I measured disclosure compliance levels for each required item and overall, by calculating two indexes, one stricter and another more tolerant in treating omissions on the non-applicability of an item to the company. My hypothesis confronts the assertions that the legal tradition to which a company is submitted influences its disclosure level. An important finding is that the enforcement of the SEC regulations is what mostly explains the level of disclosure, rather than the legal tradition of the firm’s country of origin. I found that cross-listed companies under the same enforcement of the SEC, do not differ in their level of disclosure, regardless of the legal tradition of their country of origin. No statistically significant differences were found between the disclosure level for companies from countries with common law tradition, compared to countries with civil law roots. Additionally, the study concluded that the local financial markets development and the local regulation of the security exchanges are variables that significantly influence the level of disclosure. / Este estudo analisa a conformidade das empresas com os requisitos de divulgação do International Accounting Standard 37 (IAS 37 - Provisões, Passivos Contingentes e Ativos Contingentes), através de um exame minucioso dos Relatórios 20-F de 91 empresas para o ano fiscal de 2016. As 91 empresas têm em comum que são empresas estrangeiras listadas nas bolsas de valores norte-americanas NASDAQ ou NYSE, reportam sob as normas IFRS tanto localmente quanto nos EUA e são de 14 países que exigem a adoção de IFRS para empresas de capital nacional. Este estudo mediu os níveis de conformidade de divulgação para cada item exigido e calculou um nível de conformidade composto, de duas formas: um índice mais rigoroso e outro mais tolerante no tratamento de omissões sobre a não aplicabilidade de um determinado item para a empresa. Minha hipótese confronta as afirmações de que a origem (ou tradição) do sistema legal do país no qual a empresa originalmente foi constituída (e onde mantem a sua sede), influencia seu nível de divulgação. Uma conclusão importante é que a aplicação dos regulamentos da SEC é o que mais explica o nível de divulgação, em vez da origem do sistema legal do país sede da empresa. O estudo revela que empresas listadas sob a mesma imposição das regras da SEC não diferem em seu nível de divulgação, independentemente da tradição legal de seu país de origem. Não foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre o nível de divulgação das empresas de países com tradição do direito consuetudinário, em comparação com empresas de países com raízes no direito civil. Além disso, o estudo concluiu que o desenvolvimento dos mercados financeiros locais e a regulamentação das bolsas de valores locais são variáveis que influenciam significativamente o nível de divulgação.

NIC 37 provisiones, pasivos contingentes y activos contingentes, impacto financiero, impacto tributario. IAS 37 Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets, financial impact, tax impact. / La presente investigación tiene como finalidad evaluar la aplicación de la NIC 37 provisiones, pasivos contingentes y activos contingentes y su impacto financiero y tributario en las empresas del sector textil en el distrito de Ate Vitarte en el 2018, para lo cual demostraremos la manera correcta de reconocer y medir las provisiones, pasivos contingentes y activos contingentes, de manera que permita a los usuarios tomar decisiones. La investigación contiene los capítulos que se mencionarán a continuación: En el capítulo I correspondiente al Marco Teórico. Analizaremos las normas internacionales de información financiera, antecedentes tanto en el Perú como en el mundo, definiciones de la norma, objetivo, alcance, reconocimiento, medición, reembolso, información a revelar, impacto tributario y financiero y el estudio del sector textil. En el capítulo II, llamado Plan de Investigación, identificamos el problema principal de la tesis en estudio, problemas específicos, hipótesis principal, hipótesis específicas, objetivo principal y objetivos específicos. En el capítulo III, Metodología de Investigación, mencionamos la población y la muestra de estudio, la investigación cuantitativa y cualitativa y técnicas de investigación usadas. En el capítulo IV, Desarrollo de la Investigación, se realizó a través de la entrevista a profundidad a expertos en el tema de investigación, realizamos también una encuesta a contadores y el desarrollo de un caso práctico. Y, por último, en el capítulo V llamado Análisis de Resultados, se realiza el análisis del caso práctico y sus incidencias financieras y tributarias. Finalizando con la validación de nuestra hipótesis general y las hipótesis específicas, de acuerdo a los resultados obtenidos de las tablas cruzadas, alfa de cronbach y el chi cuadrado. / This thesis’s purpose is to determine the IAS 37 Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets and its tax and financial impact in the textile companies located on Ate Vitarte district in 2018, for which we will demonstrate the right way of recognizing and measuring the Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets in a way that allows the users to make any decision. The research contains the chapters mentioned below: On Chapter I, corresponding to the theoretical framework, we analyzed what follows: the International Financial Reporting Standard, precedents in Peru and around the globe, the standard definitions, the objective, the range, the recognition, the measure, the reimbursement, the information to be published, the tax and financial impact, and the textile market research. On Chapter II, named research plan, we identified the main and specific problems of the current thesis, the main and specific hypothesis, and the main and specific objectives. On Chapter III, named research methodology, we mentioned the population and the study sample, the quantitative and qualitative research, and the research techniques we used. On Chapter IV, for the research design, we did in-depth interviews to experts on the study field, we also surveyed accountants and developed a case study. Finally, on Chapter V, named results analysis, we analyzed the case study and its tax and financial rates. We conclude with the validation of our main and specific hypothesis according to the results obtained from tools like cross tabulations, Cronbach’s alpha, and the Chi-squared test. / Tesis

This master's thesis is focused on a prudence principle under International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) a US Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (US GAAP) in accounting of a reporting unit. In the first part I described the prudence principle (conservatism principle) in the general way. In the second part of this thesis I introduced impairment testing, recognition of impairment of assets and reversal of previously recognized impairment of assets under IAS 36 Impairment of Assets. It is obviously focused on recoverable amount as a fair value less costs to sell and value in use, methods of the fair value valuation, computing value in use and identifying the appropriate discount rate to apply expected future cash flows. Third chapter of this master's thesis, named "Provisions under IAS 37", is dealing with relation between provisions and contingent liabilities, initial liability measurement and subsequent applying IAS 37. There are also stated disclosure requirements under IAS 37 (as well as under IAS 36). Within the scope of this part are in detail described Exposure Draft ED/2005 and Exposure Draft ED/2010/1 published from International Accounting Standard Board IASB in 2005 and 2010 as proposal to improvement of current version of standard IAS 37. This thesis is also focused on differences between accounting principles of prudence principle in IFRS and US GAAP. Finally, in the last chapter I analysed 15 annual reports of airlines companies in the world, which present their financial statements under IFRS. The results according to impairment of assets including goodwill, provisions and disclosures of contingent liabilities are presented in the charts. This master's thesis, named "Prudence principle in generally accepted accounting systems" is completed with practical insights and cases in each of chapters.