This thesis is addressing the knowledge base of project managers in the South African Information and Communications Technologies (ICT) sector. It is determining if project management is recognised as an important profession in the ICT Sector; it is also establishing the attributes required for an ICT project manager; the background of ICT project managers with respect to their job experience and qualification and lastly the effectiveness of project management in the ICT sector. A literature review on the knowledge base of ICT project managers is done to clarify particular issues, to determine international perspective on the issues of the study and to contextualise the study. The central research tool was a questionnaire. Project managers from different ICT companies in South Africa were selected to respond to the questionnaire which was mailed to them. Close-ended questions were used in the development of themes and the data were analysed on the basis of tables and graphs and hypothesis testing. The study found that project management is recognised as a career path within the South African ICT sector. It was also found that ICT project managers seem to have a good capability in terms of technical, organic, conceptual and business skills. Most ICT project managers are qualified up to a postgraduate level. They have a degree in another profession and then undertake project management certification. The study also found that project management adds value to the client as well as the company and also adds to the effectiveness of relationships with peers in achieving project goals. The study concluded with recommendations on what can be done to improve the competency of ICT project managers in the ICT sector and also made recommendations for future research.

This thesis is addressing the knowledge base of project managers in the South African Information and Communications Technologies (ICT) sector. It is determining if project management is recognised as an important profession in the ICT Sector; it is also establishing the attributes required for an ICT project manager; the background of ICT project managers with respect to their job experience and qualification and lastly the effectiveness of project management in the ICT sector. A literature review on the knowledge base of ICT project managers is done to clarify particular issues, to determine international perspective on the issues of the study and to contextualise the study. The central research tool was a questionnaire. Project managers from different ICT companies in South Africa were selected to respond to the questionnaire which was mailed to them. Close-ended questions were used in the development of themes and the data were analysed on the basis of tables and graphs and hypothesis testing. The study found that project management is recognised as a career path within the South African ICT sector. It was also found that ICT project managers seem to have a good capability in terms of technical, organic, conceptual and business skills. Most ICT project managers are qualified up to a postgraduate level. They have a degree in another profession and then undertake project management certification. The study also found that project management adds value to the client as well as the company and also adds to the effectiveness of relationships with peers in achieving project goals. The study concluded with recommendations on what can be done to improve the competency of ICT project managers in the ICT sector and also made recommendations for future research.

IT projects continue to fail at an alarming rate. The majority of IT initiatives have a significant impact within organisations due to the integrative nature of IT systems and as a result the cost of this failure is high. The purpose of this research report is to investigate the prevalence of „accidental project managers‟ in the ICT industry (employees that have demonstrated technical expertise and been promoted to project management positions without any regard for project manager training and competencies) and examine what effect these untrained project managers have on project performance. A descriptive, quantitative research methodology was employed, and the sample that supported this research was taken from members of the Internet Service Provider‟s Association and the Project Management Institute of South Africa. The results indicated a positive association between project manager training level and projects being completed within budget, on time, and resulting in an operational system. The results also supported a correlative relationship between project manager training level and overall project outcome. These findings highlight the importance to organisations of investing in project manager training and developing effective recruitment criteria in order to boost IT project success rates.

IT projects continue to fail at an alarming rate. The majority of IT initiatives have a significant impact within organisations due to the integrative nature of IT systems and as a result the cost of this failure is high. The purpose of this research report is to investigate the prevalence of „accidental project managers‟ in the ICT industry (employees that have demonstrated technical expertise and been promoted to project management positions without any regard for project manager training and competencies) and examine what effect these untrained project managers have on project performance. A descriptive, quantitative research methodology was employed, and the sample that supported this research was taken from members of the Internet Service Provider‟s Association and the Project Management Institute of South Africa. The results indicated a positive association between project manager training level and projects being completed within budget, on time, and resulting in an operational system. The results also supported a correlative relationship between project manager training level and overall project outcome. These findings highlight the importance to organisations of investing in project manager training and developing effective recruitment criteria in order to boost IT project success rates.

<p>This thesis is conducted for Monitor Industriutveckling AB. The company grows fast and is ready to consider the expansion of its business abroad. The details how to pro-ceed with the expansion are yet to be set. The purpose of this work is to examine dif-ferent options to aid the company management select the most meaningful way to proceed.</p><p>The analytical framework used consists of three well-known business theories. There are the New Capabilities analysis, the PEST analysis and finally the five forces model. Robert Grant’s New Capabilities analysis shows that especially the strategic alliances capability could be an interesting new capability and a way to grow for Monitor. The PEST-analysis proves that Finland can offer good opportunities for Monitor’s type of company because the country itself is very IT-oriented and political and economical as well as social forces can support Monitor’s business. Finland can also be a gateway to eastern-European countries. Finally we have Michael Porter’s five forces model. Monitor has lots of potential customers in Finland. There is a substantial amount of small and medium-sized companies in the manufacturing industry. Taxes and legisla-tion will not be a problem when entering Finland, as they are similar compared to Sweden. There are no big cultural differences between Finland and Sweden. These countries even share the same language, Swedish, which is a quite unique advantage.</p><p>I have collected the empirical data of this thesis mostly by personal interviews. Here I show that Monitor’s current customers in Finland would prefer to see their supplier present in the same country. They would also appreciate Finnish-speaking personnel and support. I have also interviewed business specialists. According to them, Monitor would easily adapt to the Finnish business culture and make its product successful. The right attitude in Finnish business environment would just boost Monitor’s suc-cess. The strength of the Monitor product is its user-friendliness. The weakness and at the same time its opportunity is that the company grows very fast. When a company grows it must be ready to make big decisions and choose where to go and at the same time be there to support each and every present customer.</p><p>The conclusion is that Monitor has good possibilities to become a successful company in Finland. From a marketing point of view, Monitor should invest in marketing ac-tions and make itself known and seen among its target group. The recommended way to enter Finland would be to find a good distributor for Monitor’s product. This entry method would be the one with the smallest risk and it is also probably the quickest way to proceed. I recommend Monitor to choose a distributor that can complete its product-palette with Monitor.</p>

This thesis is conducted for Monitor Industriutveckling AB. The company grows fast and is ready to consider the expansion of its business abroad. The details how to pro-ceed with the expansion are yet to be set. The purpose of this work is to examine dif-ferent options to aid the company management select the most meaningful way to proceed. The analytical framework used consists of three well-known business theories. There are the New Capabilities analysis, the PEST analysis and finally the five forces model. Robert Grant’s New Capabilities analysis shows that especially the strategic alliances capability could be an interesting new capability and a way to grow for Monitor. The PEST-analysis proves that Finland can offer good opportunities for Monitor’s type of company because the country itself is very IT-oriented and political and economical as well as social forces can support Monitor’s business. Finland can also be a gateway to eastern-European countries. Finally we have Michael Porter’s five forces model. Monitor has lots of potential customers in Finland. There is a substantial amount of small and medium-sized companies in the manufacturing industry. Taxes and legisla-tion will not be a problem when entering Finland, as they are similar compared to Sweden. There are no big cultural differences between Finland and Sweden. These countries even share the same language, Swedish, which is a quite unique advantage. I have collected the empirical data of this thesis mostly by personal interviews. Here I show that Monitor’s current customers in Finland would prefer to see their supplier present in the same country. They would also appreciate Finnish-speaking personnel and support. I have also interviewed business specialists. According to them, Monitor would easily adapt to the Finnish business culture and make its product successful. The right attitude in Finnish business environment would just boost Monitor’s suc-cess. The strength of the Monitor product is its user-friendliness. The weakness and at the same time its opportunity is that the company grows very fast. When a company grows it must be ready to make big decisions and choose where to go and at the same time be there to support each and every present customer. The conclusion is that Monitor has good possibilities to become a successful company in Finland. From a marketing point of view, Monitor should invest in marketing ac-tions and make itself known and seen among its target group. The recommended way to enter Finland would be to find a good distributor for Monitor’s product. This entry method would be the one with the smallest risk and it is also probably the quickest way to proceed. I recommend Monitor to choose a distributor that can complete its product-palette with Monitor.

Research report presented to SBL, Unisa, Midrand. / No abstract / Graduate School of Business Leadership / MBL

Research report presented to SBL, Unisa, Midrand. / No abstract / Graduate School of Business Leadership / MBL

Winston Churchill observed that the “ empires of the future will be empires of the mind”. Challenges and opportunities brought by globalization and knowledge-based economy force organizations to prioritize acquiring and managing cross cultural high end talents. Despite the global economic downturn, companies are having trouble finding people who are their “best fit”. This researched proposed an “employer brand framework” that focuses on building successfulemployer brands for B2Bs in the ICT industry to enhance their appeal to talents with vital skillsthat help organizations to win in the global market competition. For this purpose, Swedish telecom giant, Ericsson AB, has been studied as a case study.The thesis first carries out a literature study to give an in-depth overview of existing theories, concepts and applications related to employer branding activities. Then the research methodology is explained followed by the development and presentation of the employer brand framework for B2Bs in the ICT industry. Furthermore, the study case is introduced in which the framework is applied. Finally, the conclusion and areas for future work are presented.

Global Warming is accelerated by human activity since the industrial revolution. We are currently experiencing the 4th industrial revolution with recent breakthroughs and rapid developments in digitalization, Industry 4.0 and Internet of Things (IoT). The environmental impact of the information and communication technology (ICT) industry will increase up to 3.9 % of the global environmental impact by 2030. At the same time, ICT products are able to avoid environmental impacts by almost ten times their impact. The ICT industry is undergoing a transformation influenced by scientific research and industry standards initiatives that support developments of European policies and directives, as well as increasing user demand for environmentally friendly products. As a consequence, companies are required to account and report environmental impacts along their value chain and reduce impacts by implementing environmentally conscious design such as EcoDesign.  However, integration among companies in the sector is insufficient. This is partly due to the complexity and lack of experience in accounting and reporting greenhouse gas emissions and implementing EcoDesign tools. Additionally, research on the life cycle environmental impacts of ICT companies and products is limited. Therefore, this study aims to minimize the gap between research and practice by assessing the carbon footprint of an Internet Service Provider (ISP), calculating the carbon footprint of a residential router from a life cycle perspective and exploring reduction potentials through the application of EcoDesign.  The assessment of the value chain carbon footprint of the ISP identifies that roughly 74 % is attributed to the so called indirect emissions (Scope 3), in particular category 3.11, the use of products. This is also reflected in the carbon footprint of the router. Since it is constantly in operation mode, the use phase causes up to 90 % of its carbon footprint. Different carbon footprint reduction scenarios are explored, showing that reductions are achieved through the use of new manufacturing methods, recycled materials, low-power technology, green electricity and changes in user behavior. It is concluded that EcoDesign is useful to reduce the carbon footprint of a residential router and Scope 3 of an ISP. Therefore, companies in the ICT industry that aim to reduce their carbon footprint are advised to use EcoDesign in combination with complementary environmental impact assessment tools. / Den globala uppvärmningen påskyndas av mänsklig aktivitet sedan den industriella revolutionen. Vi upplever för närvarande den fjärde industriella revolutionen med de senaste genombrotten och den snabba utvecklingen inom digitalisering, industri 4.0 och „sakernas internet“. Miljöpåverkan från informations- och kommunikationsteknikindustrin (IKT) kommer att öka upp till 3,9 % av den globala miljöpåverkan fram till 2030. Samtidigt kan IKT- produkterna undvika miljöpåverkan med nästan tio gånger sin påverkan. IKT-industrin genomgår en omvandling som påverkas av vetenskaplig forskning och initiativ för industristandarder som stöder utvecklingen av EU:s politik och direktiv, samt av den ökande efterfrågan på miljövänliga produkter. Som en följd av detta måste företagen redovisa och rapportera miljöpåverkan längs hela värdekedjan och minska påverkan genom att införa miljömedveten design, t.ex. ekodesign.  Integrationen mellan företagen i sektorn är dock otillräcklig. Detta beror delvis på komplexiteten och bristen på erfarenhet när det gäller redovisning och rapportering av växthusgasutsläpp och genomförande av EcoDesign-verktyg. Dessutom är forskningen om IKT-produkters miljöpåverkan under hela livscykeln begränsad. Denna studie syftar därför till att minska klyftan mellan forskning och praktik genom att bedöma koldioxidavtrycket hos en Internetleverantör, beräkna koldioxidavtrycket hos en router för hushållsbruk ur ett livscykelperspektiv och undersöka möjligheterna till minskning genom tillämpning av EcoDesign.  Bedömningen av Internetleverantörens koldioxidavtryck i värdekedjan visade att 74 % av koldioxidutsläppen hänförs till de så kallade indirekta utsläppen (scope 3), särskilt kategori 3.11, användning av produkter. Detta återspeglas också i routerns koldioxidavtryck. Eftersom den ständigt är i drift är det användningsfasen som står för upp till 90 % av dess koldioxidavtryck. Olika scenarier för att minska koldioxidavtrycket undersöks och visar att minskningar kan uppnås genom användning av nya tillverkningsmetoder, återvunnet material, energisnål teknik, grön el och förändringar i användarnas beteende. Slutsatsen är att EcoDesign är användbart för att minska koldioxidavtrycket från en router för bostäder och Scope 3 för en internetleverantör. Därför rekommenderas företag inom IKT-branschen som vill minska sitt koldioxidavtryck att använda EcoDesign i kombination med andra verktyg för miljökonsekvensbedömning.