The area of wireless transceiver design is becoming increasingly important due to the rapid growth of wireless communications market as well as diversified design specifications. Research efforts in this area concentrates on schemes that are capable of increasing the system capacity, providing reconfigurability/reprogrammability and reducing the hardware complexity. Emerging topics related to these goals include Software Defined Radio, Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) Systems, Code Division Multiple Access, Ultra-Wideband Systems, etc. This research adopts space diversity and statistical signal processing for digital interference suppression in wireless receivers. The technique simplifies the analog front-end by eliminating the anti-aliasing filters and relaxing the requirements for IF bandpass filters and A/D converters. Like MIMO systems, multiple antenna elements are used for increased frequency reuse. The suppression of both image signal and Co-Channel Interference (CCI) are performed in DSP simultaneously. The signal-processing algorithm used is Independent Component Analysis (ICA). Specifically, the fixed-point Fast-ICA is adopted in the case of static or slow time varying channel conditions. In highly dynamic environment that is typically encountered in cellular mobile communications, a novel ICA algorithm, OBAI-ICA, is developed, which outperforms Fast-ICA for both linear and abrupt time variations. Several practical implementation issues are also considered, such as the effect of finite arithmetic and the possibility of reducing the number of antennas.

In digital signal processing in general, and wireless communications in particular, the increased usage of complex signal representations, and spectrally efficient complex modulation schemes such as QPSK and QAM has necessitated the need for efficient and fast-converging complex digital signal processing techniques. In this research, novel complex adaptive digital signal processing techniques are presented, which derive optimal convergence factors or step sizes for adjusting the adaptive system coefficients at each iteration. In addition, the real and imaginary components of the complex signal and complex adaptive filter coefficients are treated as separate entities, and are independently updated. As a result, the developed methods efficiently utilize the degrees of freedom of the adaptive system, thereby exhibiting improved convergence characteristics, even in dynamic environments. In wireless communications, acceptable co-channel, adjacent channel, and image interference rejection is often one of the most critical requirements for a receiver. In this regard, the fixed-point complex Independent Component Analysis (ICA) algorithm, called Complex FastICA, has been previously applied to realize digital blind interference suppression in stationary or slow fading environments. However, under dynamic flat fading channel conditions frequently encountered in practice, the performance of the Complex FastICA is significantly degraded. In this dissertation, novel complex block adaptive ICA algorithms employing optimal convergence factors are presented, which exhibit superior convergence speed and accuracy in time-varying flat fading channels, as compared to the Complex FastICA algorithm. The proposed algorithms are called Complex IA-ICA, Complex OBA-ICA, and Complex CBC-ICA. For adaptive filtering applications, the Complex Least Mean Square algorithm (Complex LMS) has been widely used in both block and sequential form, due to its computational simplicity. However, the main drawback of the Complex LMS algorithm is its slow convergence and dependence on the choice of the convergence factor. In this research, novel block and sequential based algorithms for complex adaptive digital filtering are presented, which overcome the inherent limitations of the existing Complex LMS. The block adaptive algorithms are called Complex OBA-LMS and Complex OBAI-LMS, and their sequential versions are named Complex HA-LMS and Complex IA-LMS, respectively. The performance of the developed techniques is tested in various adaptive filtering applications, such as channel estimation, and adaptive beamforming. The combination of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) and the Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) technique is being increasingly employed for broadband wireless systems operating in frequency selective channels. However, MIMO-OFDM systems are extremely sensitive to Intercarrier Interference (ICI), caused by Carrier Frequency Offset (CFO) between local oscillators in the transmitter and the receiver. This results in crosstalk between the various OFDM subcarriers resulting in severe deterioration in performance. In order to mitigate this problem, the previously proposed Complex OBA-ICA algorithm is employed to recover user signals in the presence of ICI and channel induced mixing. The effectiveness of the Complex OBA-ICA method in performing ICI mitigation and signal separation is tested for various values of CFO, rate of channel variation, and Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR).

Parkinson's Disease is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). The SNc supplies the basal ganglia (BG) via dopaminergic projections which innervate D1 and D2 receptors that mediate motor control. The BG also mediates cognitive processes and eye movement, parallel to its involvement in motor control. Behavioural correlates of PD have been established from previous countermanding tasks and population neural activity has been shown to correlate with PD disease state, but a reliable means to find patient-specific biomarkers of disease remains unknown. Here, we propose using eye movements and electroencephalography (EEG) to capture neural correlates of dysfunction in PD. We have developed a novel saccade-based stop-signal task in VR that probes the subject's ability to recruit the neural processes involved in action selection and response inhibition. We have tested this system on 7 healthy subjects and verified that we could identify key signature changes in the EEG profile during left and right saccade, countermand, and antisaccades similar to those found in similar reach tasks. The successful completion of a countermand (revoking a planned action) stop trial requires large synchronization of frontal theta and motor beta activity, representing the BG-thalamocortical loop recruiting the necessary processes to inhibit motor responses. The pattern in the event-related potentials that illustrates this is a strong event-related synchronization (ERS) peak followed by an event-related desynchronization (ERD) dip, and increased weights in the scalp topology at the frontal-parietal region. Since tasks involving response inhibition serve to probe the subject’s ability to revoke a planned action, it does not matter whether the task was completed using hand movements or saccades. Our ERP isolated from Independent Component Analysis (ICA) resembles the ERP from previous literature, and exhibits increased weights on the sensorimotor region with a narrow band beta. This narrow band beta range is subject-specific and can be better visualized by using a modelling approach called FOOOF (fitting oscillations one over f). Lastly, the increased decoding performance in each subject's successive recording session suggests that using subject-specific features positively biases the model towards enhanced generalizability. Our experimental platform provides a robust framework that accounts for trial-by-trial variability, and can capture the presence of and evoke beta oscillations in healthy subjects.

El presente plan de negocio consiste en la puesta en marcha y desarrollo de Wasara Hostel, hospedaje de tipo hostel o albergue que ofrece espacios comunes que propician la interacción y el entretenimiento de sus clientes, los cuales están conformados por turistas nacionales y extranjeros, ubicado en una zona estratégica en el distrito de San Andrés, en la provincia de Pisco. La propuesta de valor radica en el fomento a la interculturalidad, la cual se genera a través del choque de culturas que se genera con el contacto entre los clientes. Pisco es considerado como uno de los principales destinos turísticos del Perú, esto se debe a la cercanía y facilidad de acceso a través de la carretera Panamericana Sur. Es una provincia con alto potencial de crecimiento en cuanto al turismo, debido a que existen tres proyectos de gran magnitud que generarán un cambio en el actual entorno de la provincia, los cuales son: El Aeropuerto Internacional de Pisco, el cual se inaugurará próximamente, La concesión del Puerto San Martin y la conectividad con la carretera Panamericana Sur de doble vía, lo cual generará un mayor desarrollo tanto turístico como comercial en la ciudad. El hostel tiene dos públicos objetivos, el primer grupo está conformado por jóvenes peruanos, cuyas edades están comprendidas entre los 18 años y 35 años, que pertenecen a la generación millennials, y están dentro de los niveles socioeconómicos B y C; y cuya preferencia de viaje es acompañado de amigos, pareja o familiares, sin niños. El segundo grupo está conformado por extranjeros, jóvenes, cuyas edades están comprendidas entre los 18 y 35 años de edad, que pertenecen a la generación millennials, que buscan conocer la mayoría de los atractivos turísticos de un país, conocer la coyuntura del lugar que visitan, realizar viajes en búsqueda de cultura, naturaleza, aventura e interculturalidad, suelen viajar solos, con amigos, o en pareja y son principalmente europeos (Reino Unido, Francia y Alemania), y norteamericanos. La inversión requerida para la puesta en marcha del presente proyecto asciende a un monto total de S/. 525,594, el periodo de recuperación de la inversión es al quinto año del inicio de operaciones. En cuanto a la evaluación económica y las proyecciones, éstas se están calculando a 10 años de operaciones. La rentabilidad del modelo de negocio nos arroja una tasa interna de retorno de 27.28% y un valor presente de S/. S/. 448,084, lo cual lo convierte en una propuesta atractiva para los inversionistas.

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The theme of this paper is show-through andbleed-through cancellation of degraded images or manuscripts.Show-through and bleed-through is when the reverse side of amanuscripts shows/bleeds through to the front side. This canseverely impact readability. Four different cancellation algorithmswas chosen for evaluation. The methods considered areThresholding, ICA and two other methods, herewithin referredto as ’Dubojs’ and ’ISJ4’. ICA is a blind source separationmethod. Dubojs is a more sophisticated thresholding method,while ISJ4 uses statistical methods for estimating parameters ofa show-through model. In this paper, the different algorithms areevaluated on different types of common text degradations. Theauthors found that the most useful methods were ISJ4, Dubojsand ICA, with ISJ4 being the most flexible. Thresholding wasfound to be too simple. Dubojs needs improved segmentationto work properly, but was useful in a particular case of strongbleed-through. ICA was easy to use, but required linear mixturesto work properly. / Temat för detta arbete är borttagning av’show-through’ och ’bleed-through’ som påverkat läsbarhetenhos skannade, eller handskrivna dokument negativt. Dessafenomen uppstår på dubbelsidiga dokument och leder till attdelar av baksidan dyker upp på framsidan och vice versa.Fyra olika algoritmer som tar bort de oönskade bidragen harutvärderats. Dessa är Thresholding, ICA och två andra metodersom kommit att kallas ’Dubojs’ och ’ISJ4’. Dubojs är enmer sofistikerad Thresholding-algoritm medan ISJ4 använderstatistiksa metoder för att skatta paremterar i en show-throughmodell.Algoritmerna testades och utvärderades på dokumentsom påverkats av show/bleed-through i olika utsträckning.Författarna fann att de mest användbara metoderna var ISJ4,Dubojs och ICA, där ISJ4 var mest flexibel. Thresholding varför simpel för att vara riktigt användbar. Dubojs skulle behövaförbättrad klassificering, men var användbar i ett speciellt fallav bleed-through. ICA var lätt att använda, men krävde linjärablandningar för att fungera på ett önskvärt sätt. / Kandidatexjobb i elektroteknik 2021, KTH, Stockholm

En el Perú, las empresas agrícolas atraviesan diversas dificultades para seleccionar mano de obra especializada en labores temporales o de corta duración que tengan un horario flexible y que realicen su trabajo de manera responsable, competente y segura. En ese contexto se han identificado dos tipos de usuario; las empresas agrícolas y los candidatos agrícolas quienes buscan optar por un medio que le permita un contacto directo, seguro y fluido con las empresas del sector. Hemos profundizado en el proceso de reclutamiento masivo de las empresas agrícolas, obteniendo información sobre los retos y dificultades que tienen la empresas de este rubro, en este desarrollo también hemos tenido interacción con el candidato agrícola, entendiendo las necesidades que estos tienen sobre la obtención de trabajo permanente en su región, entendiendo las necesidades de ambos hemos realizado un PMV que permita cubrirlas y que dinamice la interacción que tiene ambos actualmente, nuestra solución consta de un ecosistema digital que permite conectar la demanda laboral en el rubro agrícola con la oferta, permitiendo ganar eficiencia a las empresas y mejorar las oportunidades de trabajo para los candidatos agrícolas. En términos de factibilidad, tenemos una inversión inicial de S/600,000.00, arrojando un VAN de S/4,504,343.00 y una TIR de 43.18% en 5 años. Además, los rendimientos positivos se reflejan en nuestros flujos de efectivo desde el año dos en adelante. Finalmente, nos alineamos con los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible 8 y 10, que se centran en salarios justos, crecimiento económico y reducción de la desigualdad respectivamente, y logramos un valor VANS de S/1,110,400.00. Nuestro análisis de los indicadores obtenidos nos lleva a la conclusión de que la solución sugerida genera efectos sociales positivos, reforzando así la reputación de EmpleoYa como un modelo de negocio confiable y exitoso. / In Peru, agribusinesses face various difficulties in finding specialized labor for temporary or short-term work, with flexible schedules and who perform their work responsibly, competently, and safely. In this context, two types of users have been identified: agricultural companies and agricultural candidates looking for direct, secure, and fluid contact with companies in the sector. We have deepened the massive recruitment process of agricultural companies, obtaining information about the challenges and difficulties that the companies have in this area, in this development we have also had interaction with the agricultural candidates, understanding the needs that they have about obtaining permanent work in their region, understanding the needs of both we have made a PMV that allows to cover them and to energize the interaction that both currently have, our solution consists of a digital ecosystem that connects the labor demand in the agricultural sector with the supply, allowing to gain efficiency to companies and improve job opportunities for agricultural candidates. Regarding feasibility, we have an initial investment of S/600,000.00, which yields an NPV of S/4,504,343.00 and an IRR of 43.18% in 5 years. In addition, the positive returns are reflected in our cash flows from the second year onwards. Finally, we aligned ourselves with Sustainable Development Goals 8 and 10, which focus on fair wages, economic growth, and reducing inequality, respectively, and achieved a VANS of S/1,110,400.00. Our analysis of the indicators obtained leads us to conclude that the proposed solution generates positive social effects, thus strengthening EmpleoYa's reputation as a reliable and successful business model.

Actualmente, la gastronomía y el mayor número de restaurantes se concentran en la ciudad de Lima. Bajo el nuevo concepto de fusión y el boom gastronómico, muchas de las cocinas regionales han perdido valor y reconocimiento de parte del sector público y privado. En tal sentido, el presente estudio busca identificar las posibles barreras que impiden el crecimiento del sector restaurantes de comida típica regional en la provincia de Ica. Además, es importante para el crecimiento económico de la región Ica conocer las limitaciones y aportes que cada restaurante de comida típica regional genera. De esa manera podría proponerse la ejecución de un planeamiento estratégico y la elaboración y ejecución de un programa de mejora continua que ayude a: (a) el crecimiento del sector restaurantes u otros miembros de la cadena gastronómica, (b) la generación de nuevos puestos de trabajo, y (c) la mejor gestión del empresariado iqueño. Para tal fin, la presente investigación cualitativa contó con la participación de 14 restaurantes de comida típica regional de la provincia de Ica. Se utilizó la técnica de entrevistas de profundidad, permitiendo a los entrevistados explayarse en sus respuestas. Estas entrevistas fueron realizadas a los mismos propietarios de los restaurantes y sus respuestas fueron grabadas, transcritas en formato digital y codificadas con ayuda del software Atlas.ti. Como resultado del análisis de la información, se encontró que los factores que agobian a los inversionistas, dueños de los restaurantes a seguir invirtiendo y creciendo son: el capital humano, las barreras relacionadas con el gobierno, la demanda, el financiamiento, disponibilidad de áreas y fallas de coordinación. Finalmente, se espera que esta investigación sirva como referencia para otros estudios del sector restaurantes de la región Ica. Así como para aplicar estrategias empresariales adecuadas y hacer notar al gobierno local que su participación es esencial para el impulso de la cocina regional iqueña y demás sectores económicos que participan en la cadena gastronómica. / Currently, the gastronomy and most restaurants are concentrated in the city of Lima. Under the new concept of fusion and gastronomic boom, many regional cuisines have lost value and recognition from the public and private sector. In this regard, this study seeks to identify potential barriers to growth for restaurants from the sector of typical regional food in the province of Ica. It is also important for economic growth in the Ica region to know the limitations and contributions that each restaurant with typical regional food generated. That way you could propose the implementation of a strategic planning and the development and implementation of a continuous improvement program to help: (a) the growth of restaurant sector or other members of the food chain, (b) generating new jobs, and (c) better management of Ica entrepreneurship. To that end, this qualitative research involved the participation of 14 restaurants of typical food from Ica. In-depth interviews were used, allowing interviewees elaborate on their responses. These interviews were conducted with the same owners of the restaurants and their responses were recorded, transcribed and digitally encoded using the Atlas.ti software. As a result of data analysis, it was found that the factors that plague investors and restaurant owners to continue to invest and grow are: human capital, barriers related to the government, demand, financing, availability of areas and coordination failures. Finally, it is hoped that this research will serve as reference for other studies about the restaurant sector from the Ica region. And to implement appropriate business strategies and make the local government realize that their participation is essential for the promotion of regional cuisine from Ica and other economic sectors involved in the food chain.

La finalidad de esta investigación es crear conciencia en los altos ejecutivos de las empresas del sector supermercados sobre la importancia de la implementación de un sistema de administración de la calidad como el ISO o el HACCP, ya que ésta permitirá reducir los costos, mejorar los procesos, optimizar los recursos, mejorar la cultura organizacional, aumentar la satisfacción de los clientes y comprometer a los empleados. Para ello, se aplicó un cuestionario dirigido a los gerentes y jefes de los supermercados en el Perú, basado en el Modelo de Nueve Factores del TQM en la Empresa para conocer y validar las diferencias que existen entre los supermercados que aplican un sistema de administración de la calidad de los que no. El cuestionario dio como resultado diferencias en la aplicación de los nueve factores del modelo propuesto, con énfasis en los factores de Alta Gerencia, Satisfacción al Cliente y Gestión de la Calidad del Proveedor. Finalmente, luego de analizar las respuestas del cuestionario, se pudo determinar que los sistemas de administración de la calidad mayormente utilizados por los supermercados en el Perú son el ISO 9000, el ISO 22000 y el sistema HACCP. Así, es relevante recalcar el valor de una buena implementación y monitoreo de un sistema de administración de la calidad que permita tener un mejor control de los procesos de la empresa impactando positivamente en la satisfacción del cliente. / The purpose of this research is to create conscientious in the senior executives of the supermarket sector about how important is to make a correct implementation of a quality management system like ISO or HACCP, because it would reduce their costs, allow continuous improvement of their procedures, optimize resources, enhance their organizational culture, increase their clients satisfaction and engage their employees. To get this, a survey was applied and sent to the managers of the supermarkets in Peru, this survey was based on the Nine Factors Model of TQM in the Company that allows knowing and validating the differences between the supermarkets that apply a quality management system from those that do not. The results indicates that there were differences in the application of the nine factors of the proposed model, with emphasis in the following factors: Senior Management, Client Satisfaction and Supplier Quality Management. Finally, after studying the survey results, it was determined that the quality management systems most used by the supermarkets in Peru are ISO 9000, ISO 22000 and HACCP. This way, is transcendental to stress the importance of a good implementation and monitoring of a quality management system that allows better control of the procedures in the company, having a positive impact in the client satisfaction.