Miljöbyggnad is a Swedish system for certifying building in regarding to energy, indoor climate and materials. Energy usage in built environment occupies more than a third of total energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions in Sweden (SEA, 2008). Among fifteen indicators regulated by Miljöbyggnad, four indicators which consist of specific energy use, thermal climate winter, thermal climate summer and daylight have been analyzed in this report. There has two objectives for the project. The first objective is to make optimized approaches for the building according to baseline simulation model. And the second objective is to make assessment of the optimized model based on Miljöbyggnad environmental certification. As a conclusion, the implemented approaches helped to improve indoor thermal comfort and decrease demand of operational electricity for lighting. The four analyzed indicator of the optimized model have achieved GOLD level according to criteria regulated by Miljöbyggnad.

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Ida Gotkovsky, a student of Olivier Messiaen and Nadia Boulanger, composed for nearly every instrument, voice, and ensemble. Although Gotkovsky's Concerto for Trombone is a monumental work for the trombone it is rarely performed and recordings are scarce. There is a general lack of scholarly attention to the music of Ida Gotkovsky, however, the technical and aesthetic quality of her music merits further examination. Previous studies of Gotkovsky's music focused on the analysis of individual compositions. However, much more can be learned by examining a work within the context of her general compositional output. Gotkovsky's compositional style includes extensive musical self-borrowing. The goal of this project is to demonstrate melodic and textural similarities and differences within her music to inform performance practice and to establish interest in her music. The context in which Gotkovsky reuses her music is significant and can provide additional musical insight. An informed awareness of her extensive use of self-quotation familiarizes the performer with her compositional language in a variety of musical settings. Such familiarity with her musical style leads to an improved and artistically educated performance.

On the behalf of Norrporten in Umeå have an energy audit been made on an older part of a building. The goal has been to calculate the distribution of energy carriers in the property and to find out what the operating cost for the building is. With that in mind so have different methods to reduce energy and operating costs been examined and its effect on energy consumption. This survey analyzes ventilation, heating, water heating and climate shell of the property. Measures to reduce energy consumption due to operations in the building have not been examined. The simulation program IDA ICE was used for energy calculations. The results show that the property currently use about 150 MWh/year of heat and about 104 MWh/year of electricity. This means an annual operating cost of about 200 600 SEK. Among the largest energy consuming parts are: Heating of the facility Heating of domestic hot water Ventilating el for fan operation The total savings opportunity is apparent to about 14,600 kWh/year of electricity and about 39,600 kWh/year of district heating.

The Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems are nowadays in almost every new building, develop or improve better control strategies for them is very common, looking to have more energy efficiency and require less input parameters from the user. In this project, new control strategies based in previous theory models has been used with a new approach in order to find a good solution for irregular occupied spaces. In this new approach a feed-forward filter with a fixed preheating time, using an algorithm based on an identified model, calculates how much degrees the temperature room can be decreased and regulate the power of the radiators to do it.The results of this project displays that the chosen model have to be changed but the idea is interesting, because the simulations of the reference building give, with a preheating timeof 2 hours, around 3ºC of temperature reduction during 18 days and savings of 33% of the heat energy needed for the whole month.Considering that buildings and the residential sector currently account for 40 percent of Sweden's energy consumption and around 25 percent of other countries like USA or Spain, and that irregular spaces are more or less a 10% of the governmental, institutional, academic or public buildings, the potential savings are not negligible. The evaluation of this control strategy with its mathematical model as well as its resultsduring the month of January and the behavior of the system along the year have been made with the help of IDA program for simulation of the reference building and its energy system.

Bostad- och servicesektorn står för 38 % av Sveriges totala energianvändning. Av det här står bostäder och lokaler för 90 % av energianvändningen och nästan 60 % av det går till att värma upp byggnaderna och till varmvatten. Därför är det viktig att börja titta på den här sektorn och se om det finns möjlighet att spara på energianvändningen. I den här studien har en kartläggning gjorts av en gammal skolbyggnad för att kunna skapa ett underlag för energieffektiviseringsåtgärder. Genom att använda simuleringsprogrammet IDA ICE 4.61 har man skapat en basmodell av byggnaden som då används som simuleringsbas. Basmodellen har jämförts med fjärrvärmekostnader för att kunna verifieras. Därefter har man lagt in energieffektiviserar och tittat på vilka besparingar man har kommit fram till. Resultatet av den här studien visade att i den här byggnaden så är den mest effektiva åtgärden isolering av taket till vinden.

Energieffektivisering blir en allt viktigare åtgärd på äldre fastigheter i takt med att kostnaden för energi stiger. Att energieffektivisera kan beskrivas som att uppnå samma resultat med mindre energiåtgång, för brukaren resulterar detta i lägre kostnader lagda på inköp av energi och för samhället resulterar detta i en minskad belastning på miljö och klimat. I mitt examensarbete som du håller i din hand har jag undersökt en industrilokal belägen på Teg i Umeå där jag med simuleringsprogrammet IDA ICE simulerat olika energieffektiviseringsåtgärder och hur de skulle påverka byggnadens förbrukning av energi. Åtgärderna som simulerats är: Tilläggsisolering av väggar och tak, byte till FTX-system, byte av fönster samt byte av dörrar och garageportar till mer välisolerade alternativ. Arbetet består till stor del av litteraturstudie och simuleringsprogrammet där en modell av huset har konstruerats för att efterlikna dess verkliga motsvarighet till så stor grad som möjligt. Efter detta har åtgärderna tillämpats och sedan simulerats för att till sist jämföras med referenshusets simulering. Resultatet visar att samtliga åtgärder skulle sänka energiförbrukningen av byggnaden i någon mån. Den största besparingen på 49,3 % skulle fås om man byter ventilationssystem medan den minsta besparingen, 0,7 %, fick man genom att byta fönster. / Reducing the energy consumption in older buildings is growing to be more important by each passing day as the cost of energy rises and political strides are made to limit the amount of energy used for various purposes. To optimize the use of energy in a building can be described as getting the same end result with a lower amount of spent energy, for the user this is an economic victory as he doesn’t have to spend as much money on heating his building while society gains a reduced impact on the environment and climate. In this thesis that you hold in your hands I have investigated an industrial building located in Teg, Umeå where I utilized the simulation software IDA ICE to simulate the buildings energy usage and the effects of various energy optimization/saving measures if implemented. The measures simulated are: Additional insulation for walls and roof, the switch to a ventilation system with a heat recovery unit, switching to well insulated windows, and switching the doors and garage doors to well insulated units. The work has mostly been done through studies of literature and IDA ICE where a model of the building has been constructed according to the specifications of the real world counterpart. The results from the various simulations are then compared with each other and the reference case. The results showed that all energy saving measures would result in a lowered use of energy. The biggest saving was gained from the changing out the ventilation system which resulted in a 49,3 % reduction whilst changing windows only resulted in a 0,7 % reduction.

Gilbert and Sullivan’s operettas continue to enjoy popularity worldwide, in both amateur and professional settings. Their 1884 collaboration Princess Ida¸ however, remains a contested work regarding its representation of women and feminism. In this thesis, I argue that Gilbert and Sullivan were attempting to satirize men’s reactions to feminism, rather than feminism itself. This thesis situates Princess Ida within its Victorian social context to determine to what extent a proto-feminist interpretation of the operetta is valid. Princess Ida is based on, and a parody of, Tennyson’s The Princess (1847). Tracing the chronology of Ida’s story from its beginnings in Tennyson’s poem through to Gilbert and Sullivan’s operetta clarifies what Gilbert chose to satirize in his libretto. Victorian masculinity emerges as a central theme in Princess Ida, and the complexities of Gilbert and Sullivan’s representations of men in their operetta informs my discussion of proto-feminism. This thesis historically contextualizes Princess Ida and examines the operetta through the lens of feminist critiques of Western art music.

<p>I en delstudie till IDA-projektet har 185 kvinnor i 40-årsåldern skattat sin stress med PSS (Perceived Stress Scale) och genomfört fyra episodiska minnestest. Ett omvänt U-format samband med PSS som oberoende faktor och prestation i de olika minnestesterna som beroende faktor har prövats. Ett linjärt samband har sökts post hoc. Både explicit och implicit minnesprestation har mätts, liksom primär- och sekundärminnesprestation. Hög- och lågutbildade deltagare analyserades separat. Ett signifikant resultat för ett omvänt U-format samband kan noteras i ett explicit minnestest (återgivningstest) för gruppen Högutbildade. Inga andra signifikanta samband erhölls och inga signifikanta skillnader mellan högutbildades och lågutbildades stresskattningsnivåer eller minnesprestationer kan konstateras. Resultaten diskuteras ur ett biologiskt, kognitivt och socialpsykologiskt perspektiv med hjälp av bl a teorier kring kortisolnivåer och arbetsminnets begränsade kapacitet.</p>

I en delstudie till IDA-projektet har 185 kvinnor i 40-årsåldern skattat sin stress med PSS (Perceived Stress Scale) och genomfört fyra episodiska minnestest. Ett omvänt U-format samband med PSS som oberoende faktor och prestation i de olika minnestesterna som beroende faktor har prövats. Ett linjärt samband har sökts post hoc. Både explicit och implicit minnesprestation har mätts, liksom primär- och sekundärminnesprestation. Hög- och lågutbildade deltagare analyserades separat. Ett signifikant resultat för ett omvänt U-format samband kan noteras i ett explicit minnestest (återgivningstest) för gruppen Högutbildade. Inga andra signifikanta samband erhölls och inga signifikanta skillnader mellan högutbildades och lågutbildades stresskattningsnivåer eller minnesprestationer kan konstateras. Resultaten diskuteras ur ett biologiskt, kognitivt och socialpsykologiskt perspektiv med hjälp av bl a teorier kring kortisolnivåer och arbetsminnets begränsade kapacitet.