Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-08-23T14:06:23Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Weslei Silva de Araújo - 2016.pdf: 1398500 bytes, checksum: f28b00fa1bf2094ab7d357e829733e78 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-08-23T14:07:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Weslei Silva de Araújo - 2016.pdf: 1398500 bytes, checksum: f28b00fa1bf2094ab7d357e829733e78 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-23T14:07:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Weslei Silva de Araújo - 2016.pdf: 1398500 bytes, checksum: f28b00fa1bf2094ab7d357e829733e78 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-25 / In this paper we sought to understand how the Degree in Physics in IFG Goiânia campus is structured and what the perspective of teachers in the area, specifically in the implementation of degree in Physics, and forward the changes in the institution. The choice of this theme is due to the requirement stipulated by law 11.892 of December 29, 2008, the Federal Institutes of Education, Science and Technology, in offering undergraduate courses, especially in the areas of Science and Mathematics, despite its recognized expertise in professional education. Some research has dealt with the theme of the presence of the degrees in FIs, discussing the profile, the deployment and the challenges that they are consoli dated. However, here we seek teachers' perception of the process. Characterized as a qualitative study we used bibliographical research to survey the changes via legal documents in the institution, as well as research on the site e -MEC for recognizing the quantity of courses offered in this mode before and after the creation of the IFs. For analysis of the survey responses a nd interviews with teachers of Physical area of Goiânia the IFG campus, we used content analysis, according to Bardin (2002). It was identified as perceived by teachers who: (i) changes in the institution provided an expansion and internalization, even disorderly; (Ii) the change in the teaching profession and school mischaracterization with devaluation of technical education; (Iii) the course designed to meet the law, structure and operation in construction, has a focus on specific knowledge at the expense of teaching; (Iv) teachers work almost exclusively in the classroom, with little or no research and extension activities. These aspects lead to understand that there is still a lack of identity in I Fs after implantation of degrees and forward the changes in this institutions. / Neste trabalho buscou-se compreender de que forma a Licenciatur a em Física no campus Goiânia do IFG se estrutura e qual a perspectiva dos professores da área , especificamente, na implantação da licenciatura em Física , e frente as mudanças ocorridas na instituição. A escolha deste tema se deve pela obrigatoriedade, estipulada pela lei 11.892 de 29 de dezembro de 2008, dos Institutos Federais de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia, em ofertar cursos de licenciaturas, principalmente nas áreas de Ciências e Matemática, apesar de sua reconhecida competência na área de educação p rofissional. Algumas pesquisas têm tratado da temática sobre a presença das licenciaturas nos IFs, discutindo o perfil, a implantação e os desafios para que os mesmos sejam consolidados. No entanto, aqui buscamos a percepção dos professores sobre todo o pr ocesso. Caracterizado como um trabalho de abordagem qualitativa utilizou-se inicialmente de pesquisa bibliográfica para levantamento das alterações ocorridas via documentos legais na instituição, assim como pesquisa no site e -MEC para o reconhecimento do quantitativo de cursos ofertados nesta modalidade antes e depois da cria ção dos IFs. Para análise das respostas do questionário e das entrevistas realizadas com os professores da área de Física, do campus Goiânia do IFG, utilizou-se a Análise de Conteúdo, segundo Bardin (2002). Identificou-se, segundo a percepção dos professores que: (i) as mudanças na instituição proporciona ram uma expansão e interiorização, mesmo que desordenada ; (ii) a alteração na carreira do professor e a descaracterização da escola com desvalorização do ensino técnico; (iii) o curso criado para atender a lei, com estrutura e funcionamento em construção, possui um enfoque no conhecimento específico em detrimento do pedagógico; (iv) os professores atuam quase que exclusivamente em sala de aula, com poucas ou nenhuma atividade de pesquisa e de extensão. Estes aspectos levam a entender que há ainda uma falta de identidade nos IFs após a implantação das licenciaturas e frente as mudanças ocorridas nesta s instituições.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-04-05T11:17:00Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Sebastião Cláudio Barbosa - 2017.pdf: 1877696 bytes, checksum: 0c6b16ee87a8a8c50932d0f12850bd06 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-04-05T11:18:41Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Sebastião Cláudio Barbosa - 2017.pdf: 1877696 bytes, checksum: 0c6b16ee87a8a8c50932d0f12850bd06 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-05T11:18:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Sebastião Cláudio Barbosa - 2017.pdf: 1877696 bytes, checksum: 0c6b16ee87a8a8c50932d0f12850bd06 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-23 / This work binds the research line "Fundamentals of Educational Processes" (V-Line) of the graduate program of the Faculty of Education of the Federal University of Goiás (PPGE/FE/UFG). It is a bibliographical and a theoretical study, but that has as its starting point in the author's experience as a teacher of IFG (Instituto Federal de Goiás, Campus Goiânia) since 2008 and, fundamentally, the analysis of the reports of realized experiences and points of view on the integrated training within this Institution in the technical integrated courses of medium level of Proeja – National Program of the Professional Education with the Basic Education in the modality of the Youth and Adult Education – particularly in the Technical Integrated Course in Cooking. It was took as a starting point the confirmation of the existence of such an object that is the Omnilateral Integrated Formation and also Proeja, here understood as the "gateway" to think and realize that pedagogical perspective in Federal Institutes. It was sought from the demands for conceptualization of the reports and also from the already mentioned experience to conceptualize the fundamentals of Integrated Training Omnilateral (ethics, interdisciplinary, integrated curriculum, developmental education) according to the principles of praxis. That is, it was sought a form of categorization in which the larger sense is the determination of the existence in its historical mode. For this purpose it was used the contribution of various authors: Karl Marx, Antonio Gramsci, George Lukács, Karel Kosik, Adolfo Sánchez Vázquez, Vasili Davydov, Gaudencio Frigotto, Maria Ciavatta, Acacia Kuenzer, Lucília Machado, Miguel Arroyo, Moacir Gadotti, Marise Ramos, Mad'Ana Castro, Jacqueline Vitorette among others. For the realization of the documentary aspect, it was used the documents related to the creation of the Federal Institutes and Proeja, the written transcriptions of lectures and exchange of experiences occurred in the "Dialogues EJA", performed by Rodrigo Freitas Amorim, available in Adult and Youth Education Forum Portal (Portal do Fórum EJA). The conclusions show that the "Integrated Training Omnilateral as pedagogical praxis" exists as verifiable phenomenon in Federal Institutes. However, its checking count with an apprehension that shows the "visible" committed to the analysis of its "invisible" historicity. With these essential characteristics, such an object was only possible to be verified against hegemony and revealed as abstract-concrete like concrete thought. / O presente trabalho vincula-se à linha de pesquisa “Fundamentos dos processos educativos” (Linha V) do Programa de Pós-Graduação da Faculdade de Educação da Universidade Federal de Goiás. É um estudo bibliográfico e teórico, mas que tem como ponto de partida a vivência do autor como docente efetivo do Instituto Federal de Goiás (IFG), câmpus Goiânia, desde 2008 e, fundamentalmente, a análise dos relatos de experiências realizadas e pontos de vista acerca da formação integrada no âmbito dessa Instituição, nos cursos técnicos integrados de nível médio do Proeja – Programa Nacional de Integração da Educação Profissional com a Educação Básica na modalidade de Educação de Jovens e Adultos, em especial no Curso Técnico Integrado em Cozinha. Tomou-se como ponto partida a constatação da existência de tal objeto, a saber, a Formação Integrada Omnilateral, e também o Proeja, este entendido como a “porta de entrada” para se pensar e realizar tal perspectiva pedagógica nos Institutos Federais. Buscou-se, por meio das demandas por conceituação advindas dos relatos, e também da vivência já mencionada, conceituar os fundamentos da Formação Integrada Omnilateral (ética, interdisciplinaridade, currículo integrado, ensino desenvolvimental), condizentemente com os princípios da práxis. Isto é, buscou-se uma forma de categorização em que o sentido maior é a determinação da existência no seu modo histórico de existir. Para tal intento, utilizou-se da contribuição de diversos autores: Karl Marx, Antônio Gramsci, George Lukács, Karel Kosik, Adolfo Sánchez Vázquez, Vasili Davydov, Gaudêncio Frigotto, Maria Ciavatta, Acácia Kuenzer, Lucília Machado, Miguel Arroyo, Moacir Gadotti, Marise Ramos, Mad’Ana Castro, Jacqueline Vitorette dentre outros. Para a realização da parte de análise documental, recorreu-se aos documentos relativos à criação dos Institutos Federais e do Proeja, também às transcrições feitas de palestras e trocas de experiências ocorridas nos “Diálogos EJA”, efetuadas por Rodrigo Freitas Amorim, disponibilizadas no Portal do Fórum EJA. As conclusões mostram que a “Formação Integrada Omnilateral como práxis pedagógica” existe como fenômeno passível de verificação nos Institutos Federais. Contudo, sua constatação conta com uma apreensão que mostra o “visível” comprometido com a análise da sua historicidade “invisível”. Com essas características essenciais, tal objeto só foi possível de ser demonstrado contra-hegemonicamente e revelado como abstrato-concreto, enfim, como concreto pensado.

AN ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION OF Cristal M. Hill, for the Doctor of Philosophy degree in Molecular Biology, Microbiology, and Biochemistry, presented on January 22nd 2016, at Southern Illinois University Carbondale. THE METABOLIC EFFECTS OF DIET-INDUCED OBESITY AND GROWTH HORMONE TREATMENT IN LONG-LIVED MICE WITH ALTERED INSULIN AND INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR -1 SIGNALING MAJOR PROFESSOR: Dr. Andrzej Bartke It is well established that high calorie diets providing mostly fat and simple carbohydrates as nutrients promote obesity and are associated with metabolic syndromes such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. However, the effects of these types of diets in genetically long lived mice remain to be fully elucidated. The effects of high calorie diets have been reported to induce inflammation and alter longevity. However, when viewed in the context of the growth hormone (GH) pathway, these types of diets that have negative impact on IGF-1 and insulin signaling. To examine high calorie diet and GH-treatment effects in long-lived mice, we designed a three part study using hypopituitary Ames dwarf mice that have primary altered endocrine signaling and Pregnancy Associated Plasma Protein-A knockout mice that have normal endocrine signaling. Most importantly, together these studies investigate the detrimental effects of high energy feeding promoting obesity and influencing adipokine profiles that regulate or alter insulin/ IGF-1 signaling that may possibly impair glucose homeostasis in the context of the GH-axis. Longevity and aging are influenced by common intracellular signals of the insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 (IIS) pathway. Abnormally high levels of bioactive IGF-1 increase the development of various cancers and may contribute to metabolic diseases such as insulin resistance. Enhanced availability of IGF-1 is promoted by cleavage of IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) by proteases, including the pregnancy associated plasma protein-A (PAPPA). In vitro, PAPPA is regulated by pro-inflammatory cytokines (PICs) such as interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor -a (TNF-a). Mice born with deficiency of the Papp-a gene [PAPP-A knockout (KO) mice] live ∼30–40 % longer than their normal littermates and have decreased bioactive IGF-1 on standard diets. In the first study, our objective was to elucidate how the effects of high-fat, high-sucrose diet (HFHS) promote obesity, induce metabolic dysfunction, and alter systemic cytokine levels in PAPP-A KO and normal mice. We show that PAPP-A KO mice fed HFHS diet for 10 weeks were more glucose tolerant and had enhanced insulin sensitivity compared to normal mice fed identical diet. PAPP-A KO mice fed HFHS diet had lower levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-2, IL-6, and TNF-α) compared to normal mice fed the same diet. Moreover, anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-4 and adiponectin) levels were higher in PAPP-A KO mice fed HFHS diet compared to normal mice fed HFHS. Circulating PAPP-A levels were elevated in normal mice fed an HFHS diet compared to normal mice fed a standard, low-fat, low-sucrose (LFLS) diet. Indirect calorimetry, at 10 weeks of feeding HFHS diet, showed significantly increased oxygen consumption (VO2) in PAPP-A KO mice fed HFHS diet compared to normal mice fed the same diet. Furthermore, respiratory quotient (RQ) was significantly lower in PAPP-A KO mice fed HFHS diet compared to normal (N) mice fed HFHS diet indicating PAPP-A KO mice fed HFHS diet are able to rely on fat as their primary source of energy more so than normal controls. We conclude that PAPP-A KO mice are resistant to the HFHS diet induction of metabolic dysfunction associated with higher levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines and have a remarkably metabolically flexible phenotype and that some of the effects of HFHS diet in normal animals may be due to increased levels of PAPP-A. We continued our investigations of high calorie diet effects in long-lived endocrine disrupted Ames dwarf mice. Ames dwarf mice are hypopituitary, thus lacking the production of GH. GH stimulates the production of IGF-1; induces insulin resistance, alters inflammatory cytokine levels and can reduce life expectancy in both humans and mice. Disruption of GH signaling by reducing plasma GH levels significantly or deleting GH receptors extends health span and life span in mice as observed in Ames dwarfs. Metabolic stressors such as high-fat diet (HFD) may alter longevity through the GH signaling pathway. Our objective was to investigate the effects of HFD in Ames dwarf and control mice to elucidate the interactions on environmental (diet) and genetic mechanisms that regulate metabolism in aging processes. We show that Ames dwarf mice fed HFD for 12 weeks are sensitive to weight gain and increase in subcutaneous and visceral adiposity, yet are more insulin sensitive and have higher levels of adiponectin compared to control mice fed either standard diet (STD) or HFD. Interleukin 6 levels were lower in Ames dwarf mice fed HFD than control mice fed either STD or HFD. Energy expenditure was higher in Ames dwarf mice fed HFD than control mice fed STD or HFD. Moreover, we show that transplant of epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) from Ames dwarf mice fed HFD is able to improve insulin sensitivity in control mice fed the same diet. We conclude that Ames dwarf mice are resistant to the detrimental metabolic effects of HFD and the visceral adipose tissue of Ames dwarf mice can recuse metabolic dysfunction in control mice. In the third study, we investigated the effects of early-life GH-treatment in Ames dwarf mice starting at 1week of age. The focus of this study was to examine the metabolic effects of GH- treatment and HFD feeding during young age, which is the most critical time for biological maturation. In this study, one week old Ames dwarf and control mice were injected with either GH or saline for 6 weeks and fed STD. At 7 weeks of age, test for insulin sensitivity and calorimetric measurements were performed and the animals were subjected to diet switch from STD to HFD for 12 weeks post GH-treatment. With these preliminary data, we focus on the detrimental effects of GH-treatment during development and on the interaction of the effects of GH and diet. We first show that early-life-GH treatment in hypopituitary Ames dwarf mice induces a slight reduction of insulin sensitivity and decreased use of fatty acids as indicated by indirect calorimetry, thus promoting metabolic dysfunction. In addition, we show that the effects of early-life GH-treatment and high fat diet in Ames dwarf mice worsen insulin sensitivity and impair substrate utilization. We will continue to investigate the expression of genes that are associated with metabolism and longevity in these animals. Inhibition of proteases, such as PAPP-A, may be a therapeutic treatment to decrease the activity of biologically active IGF- to induce protection from metabolic dysfunction, including insulin resistance, in humans. Furthermore, it is not likely to inhibit GH/insulin/ IGF-1 signaling in healthy humans at young age, decreasing the activity of the insulin/ IGF-1 pathway at middle age may be beneficial in human therapies in the aims of protecting against metabolic dysfunction. Combined, these studies provide novel information on the interaction of the GH pathway and diets that induce obesity and metabolic dysfunction. Thus, mice with either primarily altered endocrine signaling or deletion of proteases that increase local IGF-1 signaling are protected from the detrimental effects of high calorie diets on metabolic function and energy expenditure.

Cochlea-Implantate sind Neuroprothesen, die es Gehörlosen ermöglichen, Zugang zu auditiver Information wieder zu erlangen. Allerdings ist das resultierende Signal stark verzerrt bzw. degradiert und eine erfolgreiche Adaptation oft unvollständig. Das Verständnis zugrundeliegender perzeptueller Lernprozesse ist somit von enormer klinischer Bedeutung. Perzeptuelles Lernen degradierter Sprache lässt sich mittels Noise-Vokodierung bei Hörgesunden simulieren. In Bildgebungsstudien konnte anhand funktioneller Magnetresonanztomographie gezeigt werden, dass perzeptuelles Lernen degradierter Sprache mit einer Aktivitätssteigerung im linken inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) und linken inferior parietal cortex (IPC) assoziiert war. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht den Einfluss von fazilitierender, nicht-invasiver Hirnstromstimulation (anodale transkranielle Gleichstromstimulation, tDCS) über dem linken IFG und linken IPC auf das perzeptuelle Lernen {\\itshape{Noise}}-vokodierter Sprache. Die Probanden trainierten die Diskrimination von Minimal- (\"Tisch\"- \"Fisch\") und identen (\"Tisch\"- \"Tisch\") Wortpaaren, während der erste Stimulus akustisch degradiert, der zweite in geschriebener Form präsentiert wurden. Vor und nach dem Training wurden die trainierten Stimuli und eine gleiche Anzahl untrainierter Stimuli präsentiert. Perzeptuelles Lernen wurde in unserer Studie als eine Verbesserung der Diskriminationsleistung untrainierter Wortpaare operationalisiert. Zudem wurde vor und nach dem Training ein Elektroenzephalogramm abgeleitet. Auf elektrophysiologischer Ebene wurde der Einfluss des Lernvorgangs und der tDCS auf die N400 untersucht, welche mit der Verarbeitung lexiko-semantischer Informationen assoziiert ist. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass eine anodale tDCS über dem linken IFG perzeptuelles Lernen stark degradierter Sprache fazilitierte, während bei einer Placebo- bzw. einer Stimulation über dem linken IPC kein perzeptuelles Lernen stattfand.

Cochlea-Implantate sind Neuroprothesen, die es Gehörlosen ermöglichen, Zugang zu auditiver Information wieder zu erlangen. Allerdings ist das resultierende Signal stark verzerrt bzw. degradiert und eine erfolgreiche Adaptation oft unvollständig. Das Verständnis zugrundeliegender perzeptueller Lernprozesse ist somit von enormer klinischer Bedeutung. Perzeptuelles Lernen degradierter Sprache lässt sich mittels Noise-Vokodierung bei Hörgesunden simulieren. In Bildgebungsstudien konnte anhand funktioneller Magnetresonanztomographie gezeigt werden, dass perzeptuelles Lernen degradierter Sprache mit einer Aktivitätssteigerung im linken inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) und linken inferior parietal cortex (IPC) assoziiert war. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht den Einfluss von fazilitierender, nicht-invasiver Hirnstromstimulation (anodale transkranielle Gleichstromstimulation, tDCS) über dem linken IFG und linken IPC auf das perzeptuelle Lernen {\\itshape{Noise}}-vokodierter Sprache. Die Probanden trainierten die Diskrimination von Minimal- (\"Tisch\"- \"Fisch\") und identen (\"Tisch\"- \"Tisch\") Wortpaaren, während der erste Stimulus akustisch degradiert, der zweite in geschriebener Form präsentiert wurden. Vor und nach dem Training wurden die trainierten Stimuli und eine gleiche Anzahl untrainierter Stimuli präsentiert. Perzeptuelles Lernen wurde in unserer Studie als eine Verbesserung der Diskriminationsleistung untrainierter Wortpaare operationalisiert. Zudem wurde vor und nach dem Training ein Elektroenzephalogramm abgeleitet. Auf elektrophysiologischer Ebene wurde der Einfluss des Lernvorgangs und der tDCS auf die N400 untersucht, welche mit der Verarbeitung lexiko-semantischer Informationen assoziiert ist. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass eine anodale tDCS über dem linken IFG perzeptuelles Lernen stark degradierter Sprache fazilitierte, während bei einer Placebo- bzw. einer Stimulation über dem linken IPC kein perzeptuelles Lernen stattfand.

Der Persönlichkeitsfaktor Impulsivität und eine verminderte Inhibitionsfähigkeit werden als Risikofaktoren für Suchterkrankungen diskutiert. Impulsivität ist ein multidimensionales Konstrukt und lässt sich durch Fragebögen wie die Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) quantifizieren. Inhibitionsfähigkeit kann mit Hilfe eines Stop-Signal Task operationalisiert werden und wird von einigen Autoren als Subdomäne von Impulsivität angesehen (Response Inhibition). Welche Domänen des Persönlichkeitsmerkmals Impulsivität die behavioralen und neuronalen Korrelate von Inhibitionsfähigkeit abbilden, ist allerdings bis jetzt nicht eindeutig geklärt. Auch Veränderungen der Belohnungswahrnehmung tragen zur Pathogenese von Suchterkrankungen bei, und belohnungsassoziierte Aktivierungen im ventralen Striatum weisen bei Gesunden eine positive Beziehung zu Impulsivität auf. Die impulsivitätsabhängigen Auswirkungen von Belohnungsverarbeitung auf die Inhibitionsfähigkeit sind jedoch unzureichend verstanden. Zur weiteren Untersuchung der Beziehung von Impulsivität und Inhibitionsfähigkeit sowie ihrer Interaktion mit Belohnungsverarbeitung selektierten wir aus einer Gruppe von 452 Probanden je 26 hoch und niedrig impulsive Probanden, deren durchschnittliche BIS-11 Werte den Kriterien für hohe bzw. niedrige Impulsivität entsprachen. Alle 52 Probanden absolvierten einen Stop-Signal Task mit integrierter Belohnungskomponente während einer simultanen funktionellen MRT Messung (fMRT). Neben einer neuropsychologischen Testung erhielten die Probanden eine umfassende Charakterisierung ihrer Persönlichkeits- und Impulsivitätsdomänen durch die Fragebögen UPPS (Urgency, Lack of Premeditation, Lack of Perseverance, Sensation Seeking), Sensation Seeking Scale und NEO-Fünf-Faktoren-Inventar. Die Auswertung der Verhaltensdaten erfolgte mit SPSS, die Analyse der fMRT-Daten nach einer Vorverarbeitung mit SPM getreu des General Linear Model. Für die Extremgruppen des BIS-11 fanden wir, entgegen unserer anfänglichen Vermutung, keinen signifikanten Gruppenunterschied, weder hinsichtlich der behavioral gemessenen Inhibitionsfähigkeit (SSRT), noch im neuronalen Aktivierungsmuster des Inhibitionsnetzwerks. Eine feinere Untersuchung unter Einbezug der Impulsivitätsubdomänen zeigte, dass die Subdimension Urgency die individuelle Inhibitionsfähigkeit der Probanden am besten vorhersagte und eine positive Korrelation mit dem Inhibitionsmaß SSRT aufwies. Interessanterweise zeigten Urgency-Werte zusätzlich auch eine negative Korrelation mit den neuronalen Aktivierungen im rechten inferior-frontalen Gyrus, einer Schlüsselregion des Inhibitionsnetzwerks. Belohnte erfolgreiche Stop-Trials wiesen gegenüber nicht erfolgreichen belohnten Stop-Trials auf neuronaler Ebene eine verstärkte Aktivierung des ventralen Striatums auf. Diese Aktivierung zeigte Ähnlichkeit mit einem Prädiktionsfehlersignal und könnte möglicherweise ein selbst generiertes Feedbacksignal darstellen. Nur Probanden mit niedrigen Urgency-Werten konnten dieses potentielle Feedbacksignal für eine verbesserte Inhibition (kürzere SSRT) nutzen, während sich dieser Zusammenhang nicht für Probanden mit höheren Urgency-Werten zeigte. Die Ergebnisse verdeutlichen, dass die Beziehung zwischen Impulsivität und behavioraler Inhibitionsfähigkeit vorsichtig und gezielt multidimensional betrachtet werden sollte. Während der Gesamtscore des BIS-11 Response Inhibition nicht ausreichend abzubilden scheint, zeigte die Subdimension Urgency sowohl behavioral als auch neuronal eine Assoziation mit einer verminderten Inhibitionsfähigkeit. Interessanterweise weist Urgency auch eine Verbindung zur Belohnungsverarbeitung im Stop-Signal Task auf und scheint mit dem Nutzen von potentiellen individuellen Feedbacksignalen verknüpft zu sein. Da Urgency-Werte sich bei verschiedenen psychischen Störungen, wie Abhängigkeitserkrankungen, erhöht zeigen, stellt Urgency möglicherweise ein Bindeglied zwischen Response Inhibition und Belohnungsverarbeitung dar. Aus diesen Gründen sollte Urgency in zukünftigen Studien zu den Entstehungsmechanismen von Suchterkrankungen als Moderator von behavioraler Handlungsadaption miteinbezogen werden.

Temporal regularity and metrical organisation are important factors in beat and metre perception. The current thesis aims to investigate neural correlates of beat and metre perception in healthy non-musician volunteers, using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). In particular, the thesis focuses on determining the role of the Inferior Frontal Gyrus (IFG, in particular BA44/45) in beat and metre perception. The IFG has been proposed to be involved in higher order cognitive processes during various temporal sequencing, such as speech, movement, and music. Previous studies have shown that the temporal processing of rhythm activates auditory and sensorimotor areas, but the role of the IFG in rhythm perception has not yet been fully understood. Study 1 investigated beat perception in complex rhythms, in which the addition of volume accents either enhanced or weakened the beat perception, resulting in Unaccented, Beat Accented or Non-Beat Accented rhythms. Participants (N=14; 6 males) listened to rhythm pairs across all three conditions, and judged whether each rhythm pair was the same or different. Results showed that left IFG activation (BA44) was significantly greater during the Non-Beat Accented condition compared to Beat Accented condition, whereas the right IFG activation showed no significant difference between the two conditions. Study 2 investigated metre perception of a series of isochronous sequences, of which metrical organisation was grouped by 2/4 (C2), 3/4 (C3), or 4/4 (C4) using pitch accents, or remained without metrical grouping (or 1/4, C1). The same participants (N=15; 6 males) listened to the stimuli and indicated the perceived metrical grouping level. Results showed that the activation of bilateral IFG parametrically increased from C2 to C3 to C4. Interestingly, the activation was found to be significantly greater in C1 relative to C2, suggesting that involuntary subjective in C1 may increase the brain response. Converging results from both Study 1 and Study 2 demonstrated, firstly, that the bilateral IFG is involved in rhythm perception in addition to the auditory and sensorimotor areas, including primary and secondary auditory areas, supplementary motor areas, premotor areas, insula, and basal ganglia. Secondly, the left IFG (BA44) in particular was significantly modulated by the rhythmic complexity relating to both temporal regularity and metrical organisation, while showing the suppression during the Beat Accented rhythm condition of Study 1 and the binary pattern (C2) of Study 2. This thesis argues that the left IFG (BA44) may have the role the higher order cognitive processing, such as attention and prediction, in the perception of hierarchical structures in metric rhythms.

Submitted by Jaqueline Silva (jtas29@gmail.com) on 2016-08-26T17:27:42Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Maxmillian Lopes da Silva - 2015.pdf: 2107829 bytes, checksum: 609028556905e842729d74ebe152b7a4 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jaqueline Silva (jtas29@gmail.com) on 2016-08-26T17:28:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Maxmillian Lopes da Silva - 2015.pdf: 2107829 bytes, checksum: 609028556905e842729d74ebe152b7a4 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-26T17:28:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Maxmillian Lopes da Silva - 2015.pdf: 2107829 bytes, checksum: 609028556905e842729d74ebe152b7a4 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-05-08 / This master’s thesis has as its theme the technological education in Brazil and focused on the expansion of the Federal Network of Professional, Scientific and Technological Education (EPCT). The objective of this work was to analyze the recent expansion in the number of campus, having as object the Instituto Federal de Goiás. Therefore, the category of treatment was the study of case, starting from the socioeconomic information of candidates for selective processes of the IFG, in the period between 2005 and 2012. The more general question was “for whom this expansion was directed, i.e., to whom it was propagated and effectively implemented?” The observation of a profile of this candidate was made against the backdrop of the history of development of the Network of EPCT and Bourdieu’s field theory. The intersection of this information allowed to see that the subfield of professional education, long ago proclaimed, being finally designed, with this recent expansion. This work shows that this subfield, since the candidate profile, is increasingly defined under the Brazilian educational field, since reverting the criticism made in the years 80 and 90 about who joined there, the institutions of this field have their activism for the formation of the imperial decree of creation of Schools of Apprentices and Artisans called “disadvantaged of fortune”. This is done from the data analysis of candidate selection processes of the IFG, which identified by the access majority of black or browns people, from public schools and with household income of up to three minimum salaries and residents near the Campus. / Esta dissertação tem como tema a educação tecnológica no Brasil e como foco a Expansão da Rede Federal de Educação Profissional, Científica e Tecnológica. O objetivo do trabalho foi analisar a expansão recente do número de câmpus, tendo como objeto o Instituto Federal de Goiás. Portanto, a categoria do tratamento foi o estudo de caso, partindo das informações socioeconômicas de candidatos a processos seletivos do IFG, no período compreendido entre 2005 e 2012. A pergunta mais geral era ‘pra quem foi dirigida essa expansão, ou seja, pra quem foi propagada e para quem, efetivamente, foi implementada?’ A observação de um perfil desse candidato foi feita tendo como pano de fundo o histórico de desenvolvimento da Rede de EPCT e a teoria dos campos de Bourdieu. O cruzamento dessas informações possibilitou constatar que o subcampo da educação profissional, há muito tempo proclamado, está sendo, enfim, desenhado, com essa recente expansão. Esse trabalho mostra que este subcampo, desde o perfil do candidato, está cada vez mais delimitado no âmbito do campo educacional brasileiro, pois revertendo as críticas feitas no final dos anos 90 sobre quem ali ingressava, as instituições desse subcampo têm sua atuação voltada para a formação daqueles que o decreto imperial de criação das Escolas de Aprendizes Artífices denominava de ‘desfavorecidos da fortuna’. Tal constatação se faz a partir da análise dos dados dos candidatos a processos seletivos do IFG, em que ficou identificado o acesso majoritário de pessoas pretas ou pardas, oriundas da rede pública de ensino e com renda familiar de até três salários mínimos e residentes na cidade do câmpus implantado.

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Objective of the work: The purpose of this quantitative retrospective comparative study was to register possible cases of augmentedted renal clearance (ARC) in patients of Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences and analyse the differences in assessments of cases of Augmented Renal Clearance and the drug therapy problems related to ARC. Tasks: To achieve the objective, several tasks were performed: 1) to register possible ARC patients cases as assessed by Cocroft-Gault and their possible associated reasons; 2) to analyse differences in three equations used for GFR estimation: Cocroft-Gault, MDRD simplified, and CKD-EPI. 3) compare the therapies of the patients and determine the drugs that are in risk of being underdosed when ARC is present. Methodology: An ARC survey (appendix 1) was filled about patients from various departments of Clinics during the period of 2013 03 04 – 2014 08 15. All patients were selected according serum creatinine values that were 50 µmol/l. or less. Two goups of patients were assigned for analysis: patients were grouped according Cocroft - Gault creatinine clearance values: (1) ARC group A CrCl >130 ml./min and (2) comparative Non-ARC group B CrCl 90-130 ml./min. Data were analyzed by using descriptive and comparative statistical analysis, considering statistically significant difference between the groups if p value was <0.05. Results and conclusions: 1. In the research group and comparative groups were 31 patients selected... [to full text] / Darbo tikslas: Šio kiekybinio retrospektyvaus palyginamojo darbo tikslas buvo surinkti duomenis apie padidinto inkstų klirenso PIK atvejus Lietuvos sveikatos mokslų universiteto ligonines Kauno klinikose. Buvo siekiama išanalizuoti sirtumus tarp skirtingų PIK įvertinimo būdų ir įvertinti galimas su PIK susijusias terapijos problemas. Uždaviniai: norint pasiekti užsibrėžtus tikslus šie uždaviniai buvo iškelti: 1) užregistruoti PIK atvejus ir nustatyti jų galimas priežastis. 2) apskaičiuoti GFG trimis skirtingomis formulėmis (Cocroft-Gault, MDRD, CKD-EPI) ir išanalizuoti skirtumus. 3) palyginti pacientų terapijas ir nustatyti, kurie vaistai galimai yra subterapinio dozavimo rizikoje Metodika: PIK anketa ( 1 priedas) buvo pildoma apie pacientus iš skirtingų Kauno klinikų skyrių, laikotarpiu nuo 2013 03 04 iki 2014 08 15. Visi pacientai buvo parinkti pagal kreatinino kiekį serume – 50 μmol/l.. ir mažiau. Dvi pacientų grupės buvo parinktos analizei: pacientai buvo sugrupuoti pagal kreatinino klirensą į (1) PIK A grupę – CrCl > 130 ml./min. ir (2) palyginamąją B grupę – CrCl 90-130 ml./min. Duomenys buvo analizuojami naudojant palyginamąją ir aprašomąją statistiką. Skirtumai tarp grupių buvo laikomi statistiškai reikšmingi, kai p reikšmė buvo <0.05. Rezultatai ir išvados: 1. Abiejose grupėse buvo surinkta po 31 pacientą (iš viso 62 pacientai). Remiantis darbo rezultatais, galima daryti išvadą, kad PIK (kai GFG yra 130ml/min. ir daugiau) nustatymui naudojant Cocroft-Gault formulę... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]