Thèse d'exercice : Médecine. Pédiatrie : Paris 12 : 2005. / Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr. f. 30-35.

Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury causes extensive damage to skeletal muscle, often resulting in prolonged functional deficits. This current study determines the efficacy of controlled release of SDF-1α and IGF-1 by conjugation to biodegradable, polyethylene glycol, (PEG)ylated fibrin gel matrix in skeletal muscle repair of an I/R injury. Male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent a 2-hour tourniquet induced I/R injury on their hind limbs. Twenty-four hours post injury the following treatments were administered: PEGylated fibrin gel (PEG-Fib), SDF-1 conjugated PEGylated fibrin gel (PEG-Fib/SDF-1), or dual protein IGF-1 and SDF-1 conjugated PEGylated fibrin gel (PEG-Fibrin/SDF-1/IGF-1. Following 14 days after injury, functional and histological evaluations were performed. There was no significant difference in maximum tetanic force production recovery between PEG-Fib and PEG-Fib/SDF-1 groups. However, PEG-Fib/SDF-1/IGF-1 group resulted in significant improvement of force production relative to the other treatment groups. The same results were found for specific tension. Histological analysis revealed a greater distribution of small myofibers in the PEG-Fib/SDF-1 group than the PEG-Fib group, while the PEG-Fib/SDF-1/IGF-1 group had the smallest distribution of small fibers and similar to controls (uninjured). There were also a greater number of centrally located nuclei in the PEG-Fib/SDF-1 group than the PEG-Fib group, while the PEG-Fib/SDF-1/IGF-1 group had similar values to controls. Although these results confirm the protective role of exogenous IGF-1, SDF-1 did not have an effect on skeletal muscle repair. / text

Antecedentes: aunque por estudios en animales se conoce que el incremento de la ingesta proteica favorece el crecimiento renal y que el Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF-1) puede ser el mediador de este proceso, no existen ensayos clínicos controlados en humanos que aporten evidencia científica a estas teorías. Metodología: este ensayo multicéntrico Europeo (EU Childhood Obesity Project) examinó a los 6 meses de vida a 601 lactantes sanos asignados aleatoriamente durante las 8 primeras semanas de vida (mediana=14 días) a consumir una fórmula infantil con mayor o menor contenido proteicos. Estos lactantes fueron comparados con un grupo alimentado con lactancia materna. Conclusiones principales: a los 6 meses, la ingesta proteica se asociaba de forma directa al tamaño renal y corporal, así como la secreción de IGF-1. IGF-1 puede ser un mediador del crecimiento corporal y renal inducido por la proteína dietética, posiblemente mediante un mecanismo hiperplásico. . / Background: Protein intake has been associated with kidney growth and function in human observational studies, and Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF-1) has been postulated as a mediator of this process. Although this mechanism has been shown by animal models, randomized control trials have not been published in healthy infants. Methods: this multicenter European clinical trial (EU Childhood Obesity Project) examined 601 healthy 6-month-old formula-fed infants randomly assigned within the first 8 weeks of life (median 14 days) to receive an infant formula with higher or lower protein content. For comparison, 204 breastfed infants were also followed. Conclusions: higher protein content of infant formula increases kidney size at 6 months of life, whereas a lower protein supply achieves a normal kidney size relative to healthy breastfed infants. Protein intake has a direct significant relation with IGF-1 secretion. IGF-1 is a mediator of body and kidney growth, induced by protein intake

In normal adult physiology, intestinal smooth muscle cells (ISMC) are characterized as contractile and non-proliferative. Inflammation induces permanent changes to the intestine including hypertrophy of the smooth muscle layer largely due to smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation. While the consequences of this hyperplasia are largely unknown, increased muscularis mass may present permanent challenges to organ motility. Similar SMC hyperplasia is observed in other inflammatory pathologies including atherosclerosis and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) where SMC de-differentiate into a ‘synthetic’ phenotype and the mitogens responsible for hyperplasia have been well studied. However, there are limited investigations of SMC mitogens in intestinal inflammation. The identification of these factors may be of critical importance in the case of intestinal strictures, whereby recurring inflammation can lead to bowel obstruction requiring surgical intervention. A novel, primary rat ISMC model was developed to identify the factors responsible for ISMC proliferation in vitro. Primary ISMC cultures are likely more representative of SMC in vivo than the commonly used late-passage cultures. As such, this primary ISMC model is valuable in the evaluation of mitogens involved in the onset of proliferation. This primary ISMC model was used to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of potential mitogens including basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB. This work identified IGF-1 and PDGF-BB as ISMC mitogens. However, multiple lines of evidence indicated that PDGF-BB was a more potent mitogen and the involvement of PDGF-BB was subsequently examined in vivo using the trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) model of rat intestinal inflammation. While control ISMC lacked expression of the PDGF-BB receptor (PDGF-Rβ), robust expression was observed within only 6 hr following the induction of TNBS inflammation. By Day 2, when ISMC proliferation in vivo is maximal, freshly isolated ISMC showed on-going PDGF-Rβ activation that was further increased by exogenous PDGF-BB. Taken together, the conclusions from this work in vitro identify PDGF-BB as a potent ISMC mitogen in vivo. Further, this work establishes PDGF-BB and its receptor as potential targets in the medical treatment of intestinal stricture formation. / Thesis (Ph.D, Biology) -- Queen's University, 2012-09-24 19:26:57.201

No description available.

The developing chick retina is an extrapituitary site of growth hormone (GH) synthesis and action. GH, GH receptor (GHR) and their mRNAs are present in the neural retina when the neural cells are undergoing proliferation and differentiation during early embryogenesis. It is thus likely that GH acts as an autocrine or paracrine in this location. The present study shows that intra-vitreal injection of a chick GH (cGH) small interfering RNA (siRNA) into the eyes of early embryos [embryonic day (ED) 4] suppresses GH expression in the neural retina and increases the incidence of spontaneous retinal cell death. Our current work also demonstrates a reduction of local IGF-1 expression after retinal GH gene knockdown, suggesting that GH action in retinal cells is regulated through IGF-1 signalling. These results demonstrate that retinal GH is an autocrine/paracrine hormone that acts as a neuroprotective factor in the retina of chick embryos.

This thesis focuses on surface science and bioengineering investigations, first for the development of an improved biomaterial for orthopaedic implant applications, and second, for the development of a biosensor device for biomedical diagnostics. A key component considered in this thesis was the covalent linkage of proteins to the material’s surface for retaining the protein’s immunological and biological activities and for generating a functional interface. Part 1 of this thesis investigated surface modification procedures for improving the bioactivity of titanium substrates. Titanium is first coated with a bioactive silica film grown by plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD), referred to as PECVD-Si-Ti. In previous studies, the bone-implant integration process was enhanced 1.6-fold for titanium implants coated with PECVD-Si films compared to uncoated titanium implants in vivo. However, in vitro studies carried out in this thesis showed that the growth of MG63 osteoblast-like cells was 7-fold higher on uncoated titanium compared to PECVD-Si coated titanium. Therefore, to improve cell growth on the surface and, by inference, the integration of PECVD-Si-Ti implants into bone tissue, the implant’s surface was functionalised with a mitogenic factor, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). This was accomplished by modifying the PECVD-Si-Ti surface with an alkoxysilane, 3-isocyanatopropyl triethoxysilane (IPTES), and then by covalent bioconjugation of IGF-1 through isocyanate-amino chemistry. After 72 h of in vitro cell culture in serum-free medium, the growth of MG63 cells was enhanced 1.9-fold on IPTES functionalised PECVD-Si-Ti, which was loaded with covalently immobilised IGF-1 compared to IPTES functionalised PECVD-Si-Ti without IGF-1 (isocyanate reactive groups were quenched with ethanolamine hydrochloride). The attachment and adhesion of MG63 cells were also enhanced on PECVD-Si-Ti by the covalently immobilised IGF-1 in serum-free cell culture conditions. Therefore, the bioactivity of PECVD-Si-Ti was improved by covalently linking IGF-1 to the substrate surface through isocyanate-amino chemistry. Part 2 of this thesis involved the development of a new optical interferometric biosensor. The biosensor platform was constructed from electrochemically-prepared thin films of porous silicon that acted as a sensing matrix and transducer element. By reflective interferometry using white light, an enzyme-catalysed reaction was discovered (horseradish peroxidase (HRP) mediated oxidation of 3,3’,5,5’-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB)), which led to an acceleration in the rate of porous silicon corrosion and represented the biosensor’s readout signal. We discovered that another substrate, which is also oxidised by HRP, OPD, produces an even more pronounced readout signal. The HRP-OPD system was used in an immunoassay for detecting human IgG from an Intragam solution. An important part in the design of the biosensor was the surface functionalisation approach where anti-human IgG, referred to as the capture antibody, is immobilised on the porous silicon surface. The readout signal (produced from the capture of human IgG) was enhanced 4-fold on the porous silicon biosensing platform functionalised with covalently linked anti-human IgG through isocyanate-amino chemistry compared to the porous silicon biosensing platform functionalised with adsorbed anti-human IgG. The optimised biosensor was used to detect IgG from a total human protein concentration of Intragam to a sensitivity of 100 ng/ml. In summary, isocyanate-amino bioconjugate chemistry was used to covalently link either IGF-1 to PECVD-Si-Ti for improving the biological activity of the orthopaedic implant and to covalently link IgG to porous silicon for developing a sensitive biosensor for the detection of proteins. This surface chemistry approach is very useful for biomaterial and biosensing applications.

O transtorno bipolar (TB) é uma doença crônica, altamente incapacitante e sua fisiopatologia não esta bem esclarecida. Apresenta altas taxas de comorbidades clínicas e risco de suicídio trazendo prejuízos e custos significativos para o indivíduo com a doença e para a sociedade. Existem evidências que relacionam o TB à alterações no fator de crescimento semelhante à insulina tipo 1 (IGF- 1) e nos sistemas endócrino e imune. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os níveis séricos de IGF-1 em pacientes bipolares comparados com indivíduos controle e sua relação com a inflamação. Foram selecionados 31 pacientes com TB e 33 controles saudáveis. Foram avaliadas as concentrações séricas de IGF-1, hormônio do crescimento (GH), insulina e fator de necrose tumoral α (TNF-α). Como resultado deste estudo, observamos que os níveis séricos de IGF-1 estavam aumentados em pacientes com TB em relação aos controles (p = 0,001). Não foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os grupos nas dosagens de insulina, GH e TNF- α. Este estudo sugere uma associação entre IGF-1 na fisiopatologia do transtorno bipolar. É possível que este aumento periférico esteja relacionado com um aumento da resistência do IGF- 1 no SNC, reduzindo assim a sua ação neuroprotetora. / Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic, highly debilitating and its pathophysiology is not well understood. It offers high rates of clinical comorbidities and suicide risk causing losses and significant costs to the individual with the disease and society. There is evidence that relates to changes in TB-like growth factor type 1 insulin (IGF-1) and the endocrine and immune systems. The aim of this study was to evaluate serum levels of IGF-1 in bipolar patients compared with control subjects and their relationship to inflammation. We selected 31 patients with TB and 33 healthy controls. Serum concentrations of IGF-1, growth hormone, were evaluated (GH), insulin and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). As a result of this study, we observed that serum levels of IGF-1 were increased in TB patients compared to controls (p = 0.001). No statistically significant differences were found between groups in insulin dosages, GH, and TNF-α. This study suggests an association between IGF-1 in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder. It is possible that this increase is associated with peripheral increased IGF-1 resistance in the CNS, thus reducing its neuroprotective action.

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar as concentrações do fator de crescimento semelhante à insulina tipo 1 (IGF1) e insulina (INS) no fluido folicular durante foliculogênese em éguas, e localizar o receptor tipo 1 de IGF (IGF1R) nas paredes foliculares. Durante a estação reprodutiva, 40 éguas mestiças enviadas para abate em matadouro, com idades variando entre 6 e 16 anos foram utilizadas. As éguas foram abatidas de forma humanitária. Os tratos reprodutivos internos foram recuperados dentro de 10 min após o abate, ovários de éguas cíclicas foram separados do resto do aparelho. As éguas foram classificadas em quatro grupos: G1 – Folículo ≤ 13,5 mm e CL identificável; G2 – Folículo de 13,6 - 22,5 mm e CL identificável; G3 – Folículo de 22,6 - 31,5 mm e CL identificável; G4 – Folículo ≥ 31,6 mm e CL difícil de identificar. O fluido folicular (FF) foi aspirado e armazenado a -80 ° C até a sua utilização. Após a punção do FF, um fragmento da porção ventral da parede folicular foi removido para realizar a imunohistoquímica para localização de receptores IGF1R. O IGF1 livre foi determinado por ensaio imunoradiométrico. A INS foi determinada por um radioimunoensaio de fase líquida. A concentração de IGF1 livre e INS no FF aumentou com o crescimento folicular (P < 0,05). O escore imunohistoquímico de IGF1R nas células da granulosa e da teca interna da parede folicular equina em diferentes grupos aumentou (P < 0,05) com aumento folicular. Concluímos que as concentrações de IGF1 livre e INS no FF e de IGF1R em paredes foliculares de éguas aumentam com o crescimento folicular durante a foliculogênese, dando evidência do papel importante do IGF1 e INS no desenvolvimento folicular, e uma interação entre ambos hormônios na fisiologia reprodutiva ovariana. Sendo a égua um modelo de pesquisa para estudos comparativos na dinâmica folicular para consideração em mulheres, a conclusão deste estudo pode ser aplicada, também, a humanos. / The aim of this study was to analyze free type 1 insulin-like growth factor (IGF1) and insulin (INS) concentrations in follicular fluid during folliculogenesis in mares, and to localize type 1 IGF receptor (IGF1R) on follicular walls. During the breeding season, 40 mixed-breed mares sent to slaughter at an abattoir, with ages ranging between 6 to 16 years were used. Mares were humanely slaughtered. Internal reproductive tracts were recovered within 10 min after slaughter; ovaries of cyclic mares were separated from the rest of the tract. Mares were categorized into four groups: G1 – Follicle ≤ 13.5 mm and CL identifiable; G2 – Follicle of 13.6 to 22.5 mm and CL identifiable; G3 – Follicle of 22.6 to 31.5 mm and CL identifiable; G4 – Follicle ≥ 31.6 mm and CL difficult to identify. The follicular fluid (FF) was aspirated and stored at -80°C until use. After puncture of the FF, a fragment of the ventral portion of the follicular wall was removed to perform immunohistochemistry to localize IGF1R receptors. Free IGF1 was determined by immunoradiometric assay. INS was determined by a liquid phase radioimmunoassay. The concentration of free IGF1 and INS in FF increased with follicle growth (P < 0.05). Immunohistochemical score of IGF1R on granulosa and internal theca cells from equine follicular wall on different groups increase (P < 0.05) with follicular raise. We conclude that free IGF1 and INS concentrations in FF and IGF1R in follicular walls of mares increase with follicular growth during folliculogenesis, giving evidence of important role of IGF1 and INS in follicular development, and an interaction between both hormones in ovarian reproductive physiology. As the mare is a model research for comparative studies in follicular dynamics for consideration in women, the conclusion of this study can be applied to humans also.

Submitted by Angelica Miki Stein null (angelica_stein@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-02-15T15:11:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese completa - Stein AM_DR .pdf: 7740796 bytes, checksum: ed16030624fe5ab04287eb42146f66b8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Santulo Custódio de Medeiros null (asantulo@rc.unesp.br) on 2018-02-15T18:42:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 stein_am_dr_rcla.pdf: 7526722 bytes, checksum: 99f7c1d945c7338609585fc2899edee0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-15T18:42:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 stein_am_dr_rcla.pdf: 7526722 bytes, checksum: 99f7c1d945c7338609585fc2899edee0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-18 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Para auxiliar o tratamento da doença de Alzheimer (DA), existem alternativas não farmacológicas, como o exercício físico. Efeitos do exercício físico em supostos mecanismos como o fator de crescimento semelhante a insulina (IGF-1), tem sido associado a melhoras encefálica, relacionadas à melhora de desempenho cognitivo, neurogênese, depuração do peptídeo beta-amilóide e redução da tau fosforilada. Dessa forma, o objetivo geral desta tese foi verificar a relação entre exercício físico, níveis circulantes de IGF-1 e DA. A tese foi estruturada em 6 capítulos, sendo Capítulo 1: descrição dos objetivos, revisão de literatura e delineamento do estudo; Capítulo 2: artigo de revisão sistemática sobre os estudos que investigaram o efeito do exercício físico nas funções cognitivas e IGF-1 circulante em idosos; Capítulo 3: estudo que teve como objetivo comparar a resposta ao exercício aeróbio agudo nos níveis de IGF-1 circulante de idosos cognitivamente preservados e idosos com DA; Capítulo 4: o objetivo deste estudo foi verificar o efeito do treinamento aeróbio nas funções cognitivas e níveis de IGF-1 em idosos com DA; Capítulo 5: estudo que teve como objetivo comparar a resposta ao exercício aeróbio agudo na cognição e atividade encefálica em camundongos selvagens, pré sintomáticos da DA e com deficiência de IGF-1; Capítulo 6: considerações gerais e conclusões da tese. No Capítulo 2 foram encontrados 7 estudos que verificaram o efeito do exercício nos níveis de IGF-1 e na função cognitiva de idosos em diferentes condições, como idosos cognitivamente preservados, idosos com comprometimento cognitivo leve e idosos pré-diabéticos. Os resultados apontaram que não há consenso entre melhor tipo de exercício, intensidade, frequência e duração para provocar melhora das funções cognitivas e regulação de IGF-1 circulante. O capítulo 3 traz um estudo em que participaram 74 idosos: 40 idosos cognitivamente preservados e 34 idosos com doença de Alzheimer. Todos os participantes responderam a uma avaliação cognitiva e foram submetidos a um teste incremental em esteira ergométrica. Sobretudo, foi demonstrado que idosos com DA e idosos cognitivamente preservados responderam ao exercício aeróbio agudo de maneira diferente: idosos com DA tiveram aumento dos níveis de IGF-1 e idosos cognitivamente preservados tiveram manutenção nestes mesmos níveis. No Capítulo 4, 16 idosos com DA compuseram o Grupo Controle (GC) e 18 idosos com DA, o Grupo Treinamento (GT). O GT participou de um protocolo de treinamento aeróbio, realizado a 80% da frequência cardíaca, com duração de 25-40 min/sessão, três vezes semanais, com duração de 12 semanas. Após o período experimental, não foram identificadas diferenças significativas entre grupos e momentos para as funções cognitivas e níveis de IGF-1. Porém, resultados clínicos na cognição e no controle de quadros de insulino-resistência foram observados no GT. No Capítulo 5 foi verificado camundongos selvagens tiveram aumento significativo na banda theta e desempenho cognitivo superior quando comparados aos outros grupos de animais. Por último, o Capítulo 6 traz as considerações gerais e conclusões da tese: não existe um protocolo único capaz de modificar os níveis de IGF-1 e provocar melhora cognitiva; idosos cognitivamente preservados e idosos com DA respondem de maneira diferente ao exercício aeróbio agudo quanto aos níveis de IGF-1; o treinamento aeróbio adotado não foi efetivo para melhora cognitiva, nem para modificações nos níveis de IGF-1; camundongos selvagens, pré-sintomáticos da DA e com deficiência de IGF-1 respondem de maneira diferente ao exercício aeróbio agudo na atividade encefálica, sendo que o exercício agudo se mostrou efetivo no desempenho cognitivo. / To help the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD), there are non-pharmacological alternatives, such as physical exercise. Possible effects of physical exercise on putative mechanisms, such as the insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), have been associated with improvements on brain health, related to cognition, neurogenesis, clearance of the protein beta-amyloid and p-tau. Thus, the objective of this thesis was to verify the relation among physical exercise, circulating IGF-1 and AD. The thesis was structured in 6 chapters - Chapter 1: description of the objectives, literature review and design of the study; Chapter 2: systematic review manuscript about studies that investigated the physical exercise effects on cognitive functions and circulating IGF-1 in elderlies; Chapter 3: the objective was to compare the response to aerobic acute exercise in circulating IGF-1 levels in cognitively preserved elderly and elderly with AD; Chapter 4: the objective was to verify the aerobic training effect on cognitive functions and IGF-1 levels in elderly with AD; Chapter 5: the objective was to compare the response to acute aerobic exercise on cognition and brain activity in wild mice, pre symptomatic AD mice and IGF-1 deficiency mice; Chapter 6: general considerations and conclusions. In the Chapter 2, 7 papers verified the exercise effect on IGF-1 levels and cognitive function in elderlies with different conditions, as cognitively preserved elderly, mild cognitive impairment and pre diabetes was found. The results pointed that there was no consensus about recommendation of best type of exercise, intensity, frequency and duration to induce improvement on cognition and circulating IGF-1 regulation. The Chapter 3 brings a study with transversal profile, with 74 participants: 40 cognitively preserved elderly and 34 elderly with AD. All participants responded to cognitive evaluation and they were submitted to a incremental test in ergometric treadmill. Mainly, elderly with AD and cognitively preserved elderlies responded to acute aerobic exercise in different ways. Elderly with AD had an increase on IGF-1 levels whereas cognitively preserved elderlies had a maintaining in this same levels. In the Chapter 4 in order to verify the training effect on cognitive functions and IGF-1, 16 elderlies with AD participated in Control Group (CG) and 18 elderlies with AD, in Training Group (TG). The TG participated in an aerobic training protocol, 75% of heart rate, 4 km/h, 25-40 min/session, 3 times weekly, during 12 weeks. After the experimental period, significant differences between groups and moments for cognitive functions and IGF-1 levels were not identified. However, interesting clinical results was observed in cognition and insulin-resistance control of TG. In Chapter 5, wild mice had a significant increase on theta rhythm and better cognitive performance when they were compared to another animal groups. Finally, the Chapter 6 brings us general considerations and conclusions of the thesis: there is not only one protocol capable to modify IGF-1 levels and induce cognition improvement; cognitively preserved elderly and elderly with AD responded differently to acute aerobic exercise in IGF-1 levels; the training protocol adopted in this study was not effective neither to improve cognition, nor to modified IGF-1 levels in elderlies with AD; wild mice, AD pre symptomatic mice and IGF-1 deficiency mice responded different to acute aerobic exercise in brain activity, considering acute exercise effective on cognitive performance. / FAPESP: 2013/19729-0 / CAPES: PDSE 99999.010743/2014-06