Introducción: El desarrollo económico, social y tecnológico está llevando a cambios en el estilo de vida de la población, especialmente en los niños escolares, quienes son cada vez más sedentarios, aumentando la tendencia de exceso de peso, volviéndose más vulnerables a padecer enfermedades crónicas no trasmisibles. Objetivos: Determinar la relación entre actividad física y estado nutricional antropométrico en escolares de 7– 9 años de edad en dos instituciones educativas. Diseño: Estudio descriptivo de asociación cruzada, observacional y transversal. Lugar: Institución Educativa (IE) Estatal Pitágoras y Particular Las Américas, distrito Puente-Piedra, Lima. Participantes: 120 escolares de ambos sexos, de 7–9 años edad. IE- estatal (n=67) y IE particular (n=53). Intervenciones: Mediciones antropométricas: peso, talla, circunferencia de cintura (CC). Cuestionario validado de actividad física del Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de alimentos. Principales medidas de resultados: Actividad física, índice de masa corporal para la edad y CC. Resultados: Se halló relación entre la actividad física y el índice de masa corporal para la edad, en IE estatal (p=0,016) como IE-particular (p=0,030). Los escolares que estuvieron en continua actividad presentaron mayor tendencia a la normalidad y menor al exceso de peso; mientras, los escolares sedentarios tuvieron un mayor porcentaje de exceso de peso. Se encontró asociación significativa entre actividad física y CC en ambas instituciones, IE-estatal (p=0,004) y IE-particular (p=0,019). El 100% de escolares activos presentó una CC normal, y todos aquellos que tuvieron riesgo cardiovascular fueron sedentarios. Conclusiones: Se encontró relación significativa entre la actividad física y el índice de masa corporal, así como también entre la actividad física y circunferencia de cintura. Palabras clave: Actividad física, estado nutricional antropométrico, índice de masa corporal para la edad, circunferencia de cintura, niños en edad escolar. / --- Introduction: The economic, social and technological development is leading to changes in the lifestyle of the population, especially among school children, who are increasingly sedentary, increasing the tendency of excess weight of overweight, making them vulnerable to chronic non communicable diseases. Objectives: To determine the relationship between physical activity and anthropometric nutritional status in schoolchildren from 7 to 9 years old in two educational institutions. Design: observational and cross- sectional study. Location: One state school and one private (Pythagoras Americas) at Bridge Stone district in Lima. Participants: 120 schoolchildren of both sexes, between 7 to 9 years; 67 from the state school and 53 from the private. Interventions: Anthropometric measurements: weight, height, waist circumference (CC).Validated questionnaire of physical activity of the Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology. Main outcome measures: Physical activity, body mass index for age and CC. Results: Relationship between physical activity and body mass index for age was found in the state school (p = 0.016) and the private one (p = 0.030). Schoolchildren who were active showed a tendency to normal weight and less percentage of overweight; while the sedentary children had a higher percentage of excess weight. Significant association between physical activity and CC was found in both institutions (p< 0.05). A 100 % active school had normal CC, and all those who had cardiovascular risk were sedentary. Conclusions: A significant relationship between physical activity and body mass index was found, as well as between physical activity and waist circumference. Keywords: Physical activity, anthropometric nutritional status, body mass index for age, waist circumference, school-age children. / Tesis

<p>This research is made with the aim of find out how Iberostar communicates its values through Offline and Online advertising campaigns and if those campaigns send the same message to the target audience</p>

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Abstract The reality of today is that companies are spending more and more money on commercial spots. The “highlight” of the year is Super Bowl, where a 30-second ad costs more than $2 million to run. Advertising agencies are using their role as communicators by competing with each other with no interest in the product. The marketing guru Al Ries released a controversial book called “The Fall of Advertising and the Rise of PR” (2002) together with his daughter Laura Ries. In this book they are at-tacking the traditional advertising industry and claim that it has lost its credibility and above all, public relations is a more effective tool in brand building. The Rieses also favors PR in the in-troduction phase of a new brand. The purpose of the thesis is to investigate agencies’ view of public relations role relative to traditional advertising in the intro-duction phase of a new brand. The authors have used a qualitative study where the purpose will be achieved by performing in-depth face to face interviews with three respondents, which has a deep knowledge within the PR and the traditional advertising industry. Whether PR as a promotional tool is viewed as more effective relative to traditional advertising in the introduction of a new brand one has to consider different variables. PR is more effec-tive when it comes to credibility, cost, and clutter. However, a major drawback is the control. Also, one has to consider the at-tributes of the brand since there are brands that are more PR “friendly” than others.

This research is made with the aim of find out how Iberostar communicates its values through Offline and Online advertising campaigns and if those campaigns send the same message to the target audience

Due to increasing regulations regarding new diesel vehicles particulate matteremissions the new Scania truck, Scania Euro 6, has been equipped with a particulatefilter. This component effectively stores the particles in the exhaust gas but must becleaned in order to prevent itself from clogging. The filter is cleaned through aprocess named regeneration which is a thermodynamic process in which thetemperature of the filter is raised through fuel supplied to the exhaust gas.The purpose of this thesis is to contribute to the development of improved controlstrategies of the temperature during the regeneration process through thedevelopment of model-based controllers. These controllers are designed in order tohave good performance in stationary as well as automatic regeneration.In order to develop these model-based controllers a model of the system isconstructed. The model is described as a linear thermodynamic grey-box model withflow varying parameters, showing good results in validation.The model provides a simulation environment during the controller design, which isfocused around the development of linear regulators with the exhaust gas mass flowas a scheduling variable whose size determines controllers’ mode of operation. Basedon this approach an IMC controller and a PI controller with a combined feedforwardterm are developed and analyzed. Both controllers show good performance in termsof robustness and reference tracking. The authors' firm opinion is that controlstrategies with the exhaust gas mass flow as a scheduling variable is suitable forkeeping control of the temperature in the particulate filter during regeneration.

Syfte: Syftet med vår studie är att undersöka kommunikationens betydelse för samspelet mellan identitet och image och hur detta uppfattas av ledning, medarbetare, kunder och agenter. Referensram: Vi har i denna studie beskrivit vad identitet är utifrån bland annat Balmer och Greysers (2002) teori om multipla identiteter. Vidare tillämpas teorier kring intern kommunikation och intern marknadsföring för att belysa deras betydelser för den interna bilden. Utöver denna interna bild beskriver vi även vad image är och vilken betydelse den integrerade marknadskommunikationen har för dess uppfattning. Empiri: Vår empiri baseras på en semi-strukturerad intervju med en person ur ASMs ledningsgrupp samt enkätstudier med medarbetare, kunder och agenter. Vi har även studerat företagets hemsida. Slutsats: Vi kommer fram till att ASMs identitet överensstämmer med ASMs image. Företaget har en väl fungerande extern kommunikation, men uppvisar interna brister i kommunikationen.

Integrated marketing communication (IMC) that is gaining popularity in the U.S. and European markets in recent years has become a topic in the industrial and academic communities of marketing. While price slashing competition in Taiwan¡¦s retail trade gets sizzling hot, the tactic however does not necessarily translate into sales growth. Some businesses now start to look at other marketing strategies to replace the traditional price cutting technique. This study purports to tackle the following issues concerning the marketing strategies of department stores through case study of a specific department store. 1. Do Taiwan¡¦s department stores meet the criteria for adopting IMC? 2. To what degree do Taiwan¡¦s department stores implement IMC? 3. What are the issues encountered by Taiwan¡¦s department stores in the process of implementing IMC? This study employs the methodology of single case study by focusing on a specific department store. Through secondary data gathering and questionnaire survey, the study also finds suggestions to the department stores and that subsequent research on IMC.

With electronic packaging towards the development of lead free process, the research on the portable electronic devices subject to impact load is emphasized gradually. At present, for drop test and cyclic bending test, most of the failure modes lie on the modes of "fracturing in IMC layer" or "fracturing on IMC/solder boundary". The purpose of this work is to use 3D numerical analysis software ANSYS/LS_DYNA, that were found out a proper numerical model, to further analyze the impact fracture of lead-free solder. From the numerical results, the strain rate of solder joint ranges from 103 s-1 to 104 s-1 under an impact velocity of 2 m/s. At this strain rate, the mechanical properties of solder joint could be effectively investigated. When IMC strength is smaller than 300MPa, the main failure mode is fracturing of IMC; whilst, IMC strength is greater than 300MPa, the failure mode becomes fracturing of bulk solder, but the failure mode of fracturing of IMC and a partial solder requires a model with more fine meshes to simulate. Different velocities did not affect the numerical results significantly, because the material parameters of a solder ball is strongly dependent on strain rate. Also, we found that the impact test in reality does not present a shear-dominant mode alone even when the impact angle is 0¢X. While using simulation to carry out the dynamic experiment, it can be observed that the course of solder joint suffering the damage provides a good reference and contrast for the experimental work in the future.

With the electronic packaging towards the rapid development of lead free process, the related research on the portable electronic devices subject to impact load is emphasized urgently. At present, the failure modes of fracturing in IMC layer and fracturing on IMC/solder boundary are mostly encountered due to drop test and cyclic bending test respectively. The purpose of this work is to use 3D numerical analysis software ANSYS/LS_DYNA, that were found to be a suitable numerical model for further analyzing the impact fracture of lead-free solder. The relationship between simulation and ball impact test system was compared and the effects of variable parameters on solder balls subjected to impact loading was investigated. Also, the transient deformation and fracturing of solder joints subjected to the impact load were studied numerically and experimentally. Then, the transient response and the failure modes of the solder joint due to impact load were predicted by varied strain rate tests. From the numerical results, the strain rate mechanical properties of solder joint due to high can be effectively obtained. The difference of IMC strength caused three kinds of failure modes of the solder ball, however the failure mode of fracturing in IMC and a party of solder requires a model to simulate with more refined meshes. Different velocities affected the numerical results significantly. The higher the velocity of impact test applied, the lower the impact loading received. That is mainly attributed to the material parameters adopted of a solder ball is strongly dependent on the strain rate considered. Also, it is found that the impact test in reality does not result in a shear-dominant failure mode. While using dynamic simulation instead of the experiment, the damage process of solder joint can be observed. That provides a good reference and contrast for the experimental work in the future.