O presente estudo denomina-se As casas importadoras de Santos: comércio e cultura material (1870-1900). Durante as três últimas décadas do século XIX, no bojo do processo de internacionalização, aos poucos se instalam novas dinâmicas e práticas no comércio de Santos, que se caracteriza, nesta fase, pela predominância de firmas importadoras de estrangeiros, a incipiente estrutura do porto, as atividades exercidas no centro urbano e os problemas de saneamento básico. O objeto de pesquisa são as casas importadoras instaladas nas adjacências do Porto de Santos e seus agentes, na maior parte estrangeiros, aí compreendida a própria gama variada de produtos que fazem chegar à Província de São Paulo, sua publicidade e comercialização. A perspectiva é a da cultura material, buscando-se uma melhor compreensão dos processos de mudança social que se realizam com o consumo de artigos estrangeiros, das práticas cotidianas que os envolvem e valores que lhes são atribuídos. / The present study is called The import houses of Santos: commerce and material culture (1870-1900). During the three last decades of the nineteenth century, in the bulge of internationalization process, gradually new practices are installed in the commerce of Santos, characterized, in this period, by the predominance of import firms, the incipient structure of the port, the activities performed in the urban center and the problems of basic sanitation. The analyses focuses on the import houses installed in the adjacencies of the Port of Santos and its agents, foreigners in most cases, on the variety of products that they make to arrive at the Province of São Paulo, its advertising and commercialization. The perspective is the material culture history, searching one better understanding of the social changes that take place with the consumption of foreign products, daily practices that involve them and values that are attributed to them.

Des mutations dans le génome mitochondrial donnent lieu à l’apparition de maladies neuro-dégénératives ou de myopathies. Pour développer des approches de thérapie génique pour prévenir de ces syndromes, nous devons mieux comprendre les mécanismes moléculaires d’import mitochondrial des ARN. Pour cela nous tentons de récapituler in vitro l’import des ARN à partir d’extraits cellulaires fractionnés par différentes méthodes telles que la chromatographie d’exclusion ou d’affinité à l’aide d’étiquettes d’ARN ou de protéines. Nos résultats affinent nos connaissances de ces mécanismes et permettent d’avancer l’idée que l’énolase, une enzyme de la glycolyse, n’agit pas seule lors de la première étape de l’import de l’ARNtLys avec anticodon CUU (tRK1). En effet nous avons montré que l’énolase ultra-purifiée ne se fixait plus à tRK1 in vitro, alors que des préparations de mitochondries de levure récapitulaient l’import lorsque diverses fractions ajoutées à l’énolase étaient testées. Les fractionnements d’extraits opérés permettent de cerner certaines protéines qui pourraient fonctionner de concert avec l’énolase pour véhiculer tRK1 vers la mitochondrie. / Mutations in the mitochondrial genome give rise to neurodegenerative diseases or myopathies. To develop gene therapy for preventing the appearance of these syndromes, we need to better understand the molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial RNA. For this purpose we try to recapitulate in vitro the import of RNA from cell extracts fractionated by different methods such as exclusion or affinity chromatography using tagged RNAs or proteins. Our results refine our knowledge of these mechanisms and allow to advance the idea that enolase, an enzyme of glycolysis, does not act alone during the first stage of import of tRNALys with anticodon CUU (tRK1). Indeed, we have shown that ultra-purified enolase no longer binds to tRK1 in vitro, while preparations of yeast mitochondria recapitulate the import when various fractions mixed with enolase were tested. The performed extracts fractionation make it possible to point to certain proteins which could work in concert with the enolase to convey tRK1 to mitochondria.

<p>The information for mitochondrial and chloroplastic protein import and targeting generally resides in the N-terminal part of the protein, called a targeting peptide. The targeting peptide is cleaved off by the organellar processing peptidases after import of a precursor protein. Free targeting peptides generated inside the organelle after import are rapidly degraded by proteolysis as their accumulation can have toxic effects on the organelle. The aim of this thesis has been to investigate the newly identified targeting peptide degrading protease, the PresequenceProtease (PreP). We have shown that the two isoforms of <i>Arabidopsis </i>PreP (<i>At</i>PreP1 and <i>At</i>PreP1) are dually targeted and localized to both mitochondria and chloroplasts. Dual targeting of the <i>At</i>PreP1 is due to an ambiguous targeting peptide with a domain organization for mitochondrial and chloroplastic targeting. Both the <i>At</i>PreP1 and <i>At</i>PreP2 are expressed in <i>Arabidopsis</i> in an organ specific manner and they have distinct but overlapping substrate specificity. The crystal structure of the recombinant <i>At</i>PreP1 E80Q was solved at 2.1 Å resolution. The structure represents the first substrate bound, closed conformation of a protease from the pitrilysin family. The PreP polypeptide folds in a unique peptidasome structure, surrounding a huge cavity of more than 10 000 Å3 in which the active site resides. A novel mechanism for proteolysis is proposed involving hinge-bending motions in response to substrate binding. PreP in human mitochondria has a novel function: degradation of amyloid β-peptide (Aβ). We show that under circumstances when Aβ is present in mitochondria of Alzheimer’s patients, PreP is the protease responsible for degradation of this toxic peptide. </p>

<p>När alkoholen kommer närmare</p><p>- om förändrad alkoholtillgänglighet i en mindre svensk kommun</p><p>En kvalitativ intervjustudie</p><p>Ulrika Englund</p><p>Örebro Universitet, Hälsovetenskapliga institutionen</p><p>SAMMANFATTNING</p><p>Denna studie syftar till att undersöka vad som händer i en kommun när alkoholtillgängligheten förändras, och detta med utgångspunkt i kommunens alkoholförebyggande arbete. En specifik tonvikt har lagts vid kommunens etablering av ett Systembolag. Följande perspektiv har studerats; 1) Beskrivningar av förebyggande arbete 2) Exempel på alkoholförebyggande arbete 3) Samverkan 4) Viktiga aktörer 5) Alkoholkällor 6) Möjligheter till tillgänglighetsbegränsning samt 7) Systembolagets betydelse för kommunen.</p><p>Datainsamling skedde genom nio halvstrukturerade intervjuer med totalt tretton intervjupersoner vilka alla kom i kontakt med alkoholfrågan i sina arbeten. Intervjupersonerna kom att representera socialtjänst, kommun, skola, landsting, polis, Systembolaget, Brottsförebyggande rådet och nattvandrarverksamheten i den studerade kommunen. Insamlad intervjudata bearbetades med meningskoncentrering.</p><p>Resultatet visar att ett omfattande alkoholförebyggande arbete bedrivs inom kommunen. Huvudsaklig fokus ligger på ungdomar och dess föräldrar och arbetet är ofta praktiskt inriktat på att försöka försena ungdomars alkoholdebut. Samverkan i alkoholrelaterade frågor pågår i stor utsträckning och många viktiga aktörer identifieras. Gruppen föräldrar bedöms vara den allra viktigaste parten i alkoholförebyggande sammanhang.</p><p>Importerad alkohol beskrivs som vanligast i samband med ungdomars konsumtion och som den mest allvarliga och svårkontrollerade alkoholkällan. Systembolagets etablering i kommunen uppfattas som positiv. Någon konsumtionsökning eller ökad mängd alkoholrelaterade problem på grund av etableringen kan inte urskiljas. Systembolaget utgör ett viktigt led i tillgänglighetsbegränsningen med ålderskontrollen för alkoholinköp som den viktigaste uppgiften. Såväl den hembrända alkoholen som den offentliga ungdomsberusningen bedöms vara mindre förekommande än tidigare.</p><p>Nyckelord: alkohol, förebyggande, ungdomar, Systembolaget, import, begränsning</p>

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2006. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 117-125).

The information for mitochondrial and chloroplastic protein import and targeting generally resides in the N-terminal part of the protein, called a targeting peptide. The targeting peptide is cleaved off by the organellar processing peptidases after import of a precursor protein. Free targeting peptides generated inside the organelle after import are rapidly degraded by proteolysis as their accumulation can have toxic effects on the organelle. The aim of this thesis has been to investigate the newly identified targeting peptide degrading protease, the PresequenceProtease (PreP). We have shown that the two isoforms of Arabidopsis PreP (AtPreP1 and AtPreP1) are dually targeted and localized to both mitochondria and chloroplasts. Dual targeting of the AtPreP1 is due to an ambiguous targeting peptide with a domain organization for mitochondrial and chloroplastic targeting. Both the AtPreP1 and AtPreP2 are expressed in Arabidopsis in an organ specific manner and they have distinct but overlapping substrate specificity. The crystal structure of the recombinant AtPreP1 E80Q was solved at 2.1 Å resolution. The structure represents the first substrate bound, closed conformation of a protease from the pitrilysin family. The PreP polypeptide folds in a unique peptidasome structure, surrounding a huge cavity of more than 10 000 Å3 in which the active site resides. A novel mechanism for proteolysis is proposed involving hinge-bending motions in response to substrate binding. PreP in human mitochondria has a novel function: degradation of amyloid β-peptide (Aβ). We show that under circumstances when Aβ is present in mitochondria of Alzheimer’s patients, PreP is the protease responsible for degradation of this toxic peptide.

Unibrands is a small company that has implemented a postponement strategy without knowing it. However, they have not implemented completely because they do not know the theories behind it. This report is an attempt to understand and analyze the problems of the implementation of postponement in the supply chain of Unibrands, in terms of examining the theoretical succeeds factors of postponement implementation in the case of Unibrands.The purpose is to determine what type of postponement strategy the supply chain use and what factors can hinder the use of postponement strategy in a SME fashion supply chain by applying an qualitative research approach. The collection of empirical data was through the interview guide approach in which we used meetings and telephone interviews with people representing Unibrands and their contact trading company. The results of this research can be concluded in few perspectives. Unibrands is imple-menting postponement in an improper format, with the results of several gaps in the supply chain related to the success factor in postponement. The request for the fully customization in colors and materials, the bottleneck of relationship developing which is caused by factory manager,  complicated procedures for sample testing, and lack of knowledge of different relationships in the supply chain. Postponement is never perfect, but for Unibrands some problems could very well hinder the efficiency in the supply chain. Solutions are proposed to solve the problems in chain. The proposals suggest re-lationship improvement and information sharing. In addition, culture adaptation by in-volving the right people in the right process.

No description available.

The SME sector of Jiangsu Province of China contributes quite a big percentage to the GDP and solves the unemployment problem. Moreover, the import-and-export industry has been the pillar industry that boosts the development of the economy ofJiangsuProvince. With the take-off ofJiangsu’s economy, problems have also appeared; the import-and-export-oriented SMEs have been influenced by many internal and external factors, and some of the factors are: Yuan appreciation, inflation, industrial structure, skilled employees, and CRM, etc. Therefore, the thesis is going to analyze the internal and external factors that influence the development ofJiangsuimport-and-export-oriented SMEs by researching the books and articles, and make qualitative case studies to observe how these factors have influenced the case companies. In order to make the qualitative case analysis, the authors have travelled back toJiangsuprovince and interviewed with different SME managers with selective questions.

The overall aim of this research is to explore the business relationships among Russian and Polish firms. The research performed is based on the selected literature area of industrial relationships, relationship quality, negotiations, international environment. With exploratory purpose, the embedded single case study strategy is applied in this research. The empirical data is gathered through focus group discussion among five participants and seven interviews. The findings indicate that the nature of relationships among the Polish and the Russian companies is positive, fruitful and beneficial for both sides. Companies are mainly satisfied with cooperation and overall activities are managed at expected level. Problematic issues are solved successfully with the help of negotiations. The environmental factors which are identified as the main barriers and obstacles are the political climate, legal issues and infrastructure. As the Russian market and its law are complex and difficult, the Polish companies are aware of these factors and are trying to follow all demands given by the Russian companies. Finally, negotiations are provided as the measures to strengthen their relationships and to cope with all the factors, which can have negative impact, by mutual agreements and decisions. Based on our analysis and conclusions, the companies are recommended to ensure better code of business practices and to reveal more confidence among each other.