Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1975. / Typescript. Vita. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 148-152).

Οι ρηξιγενείς ζώνες περιλαμβάνουν συνήθως ασυνεχή, υποπαράλληλα, κλιμακωτά ρηξιγενή τμήματα τα οποία χωρίζονται από ζώνες μεταβίβασης (relay zones). Καθώς οι ρηξιγενείς ζώνες εξελίσσονται, τα τμήματα των ζωνών αυτών, μπορούν να αλληλεπιδρούν μηχανικά και να ενώνονται σταδιακά, σχηματίζοντας έτσι δομές μεγαλύτερης κλίμακας με την αύξηση της παραμόρφωσης. Ο τρόπος με τον οποίο τα τμήματα αλληλεπιδρούν κατά τη διάρκεια της εξέλιξης των ζωνών, έχει γίνει αντικείμενο αρκετών ερευνών. "στόσο ακόμα και σήμερα οι γνώσεις μας για τις διεργασίες της αλληλεπίδρασης και της σύνδεσης των τμημάτων είναι περιορισμένες. Στην παρούσα εργασία, για τη μελέτη της τμηματοποίησης και τρόπου σύνδεσης κανονικών ρηγμάτων, επιλέχθηκαν οι ρηξιγενής ζώνες της Αρκίτσας στο Ευβοϊκό κόλπο. Οι ρηξιγενείς αυτές ζώνες έχουν διεύθυνση ΔΒΔ. Η επιλογή της περιοχής έγινες με βάση την σημαντική τεκτονική της δραστηριότητα τα τελευταία 1,5 εκατομμύρια χρόνια και την σπουδαιότητά της στη νεοτεκτονική εξέλιξη της Κεντρικής Ελλάδας. Στην παρούσα διατριβή υπολογίστηκαν παράμετροι που αντανακλούν έμμεσα την κατανομή της τάσης γύρω από τα ρήγματα, όπως είναι η κατακόρυφη μετατόπιση (D), το μήκος των ρηγμάτων (L), ο αριθμός των ρηξιγενών τμημάτων κάθε ζώνης (n), η επικάλυψη (OL), η κλιμάκωση (S) και το μήκος της ζώνης μεταβίβασης (Lr). Οι παράμετροι αυτοί αποτελούν δείκτες του βαθμού σύνδεσης μεταξύ των ρηξιγενών τμημάτων καθώς και του βαθμού ωριμότητα μιας ενεργού ζώνης. Έτσι, χρησιμοποιήθηκαν αρχικά Ψηφιακά Μοντέλα Αναγλύφου (DEM) από τα οποία κατασκευάστηκαν τοπογραφικά προφίλ σε κάθε ρηξιγενή ζώνη, με σκοπό τον υπολογισμό της κατακόρυφης μετατόπισης των ρηγμάτων τόσο στα επί μέρους τμήματα όσο και στις ζώνες μεταβίβασης καθώς και η κατανομή της μετατόπισης κατά μήκος οροφής- βάσης των ρηγμάτων. Επίσης προσδιορίστηκε η γεωμετρία των ζωνών μεταβίβασης μεταξύ των ρηξιγενών τμημάτων, με σκοπό να εξετασθούν οι τρόποι σύνδεσης των τμημάτων με υπολογισμό του μήκους των μη επικαλυπτόμενων ζωνών (underlapping zone), των ζωνών επικάλυψης (overlap zone) και των κλιμακώσεων (separation/spacing). Τα μήκη των τμημάτων των ρηξιγενών ζωνών προβλήθηκαν σε διαγράμματα αθροιστικής συχνότητας με σκοπό την περιγραφή των πληθυσμών των ρηγμάτων. Τα διαγράμματα δηλώνουν μια πολυκλασματική κατανομή, που αντιπροσωπεύει διαφορετικούς πληθυσμούς ρηγμάτων που αλληλεπιδρούν ή μια εκθετική κατανομή που δείχνει ένα πρώιμο στάδιο κορεσμού των ρηγμάτων. Στη συνέχεια, κατασκευάστηκαν διαγράμματα της μέγιστης κατακόρυφης μετατόπισης των τμημάτων με το μήκος (D-L), με σκοπό να προσδιοριστεί σε ποιο στάδιο σύνδεσης βρίσκονται οι συγκεκριμένες ζώνες. Τέλος εξετάστηκαν και συσχετίστηκαν τα γεωμετρικά χαρακτηριστικά των ζωνών μεταβίβασης (μήκος κλιμάκωσης, μήκος επικαλυπτόμενων ή μη τμημάτων), με σκοπό την εξαγωγή συμπερασμάτων για την ικανοποίηση ή μη κριτηρίων αλληλεπίδρασης των τμημάτων και της πιθανής σύνδεσης αυτών. Η κατανόηση του ρόλου της τμηματοποίησης και του τρόπου σύνδεσης των τμημάτων των ρηξιγενών ζωνών μπορεί να βοηθήσει σημαντικά στην εκτίμηση της σεισμικής επικινδυνότητας μιας περιοχής, στην κατανόηση των ιζηματογενών διαδικασιών μπροστά από τα ρήγματα και στον προσδιορισμό παγίδων ρευστής φάσης και της μετανάστευσής τους, μιας και οι ζώνες μεταβίβασης δύναται να αποτελούν περιοχές διαφυγής ή εμπόδια στη ροή των ρευστών. / The fault zones typically contain discontinuous, sub parallel, banded west fault segments separated by zones of transfer (relay zones). As fault zones evolve, sections of these zones can interact mechanically and gradually come together, forming larger structures with increasing strain. The way the parts interact during the development zones, has been the subject of several investigations. But even today our knowledge of the processes of interaction and connection of parts is limited. In this work, to study the segmentation and how to connect normal faults, fault zones were selected Arkitsa the Evian Gulf. The Rift these areas have WNW direction. The choice of region was based on the significant tectonic activity in the last 1.5 million years and its importance of Neotectonics evolution of Central Greece. In this thesis calculated parameters indirectly reflect the distribution of stress around the cracks, as is the vertical displacement (D), the length of the fault (L), the number of sections of a Rift Zone (n), overlapping (OL) The scaling (S) and the length of the zone transfer (Lr). These parameters are indicators of the degree of association between the Rift and parts of the degree of maturity of an active zone. So, first used Digital Elevation Models (DEM) from topographic profiles constructed in each fault zone in order to calculate the vertical displacement of faults both in the individual sections and transfer zones and the distribution of displacement along the ceiling; base faults. We also determined the geometry of the zone transfer between the Rift segments in order to examine the ways to connect the parts to calculate the length of non-overlapping zones (underlapping zone), zones of overlap (overlap zone) and step (separation / spacing). The lengths of the parts of Rift zones were shown in cumulative frequency diagrams to describe the populations of faults. The charts indicate a multi-fractional distribution, representing different populations of faults that interact or an exponential distribution that shows an early saturation of the faults. Then constructed graphs of the maximum vertical displacement of the segments with the length (DL), in order to determine at what stage are the actual connection zones. Finally examined and correlated with the geometrical characteristics of the transfer belt (length scaling, length or non-overlapping segments) in order to draw conclusions on the satisfaction or non-interaction criteria section and the possible connection of these. Understanding the role of segmentation and how to connect the parts of the Rift zones can help considerably in assessing the seismic hazard of a region, an understanding of sedimentary processes in front of the faults and identify traps liquid phase and their migration, since the transfer zones may be areas of escape or barriers to the flow of fluids.

Τα μεσογειακά οικοσυστήματα, με τη δομή και σύνθεση που γνωρίζουμε, οφείλουν την ύπαρξή τους, στα επεισόδια των πυρκαγιών, που συμβαίνουν ανά τακτά χρονικά διαστήματα. Στις μεγάλες δασικές πυρκαγιές, οφείλεται το όλο και μεγαλύτερο ποσοστό της συνολικής καμένης έκτασης ανά έτος στη χώρα μας, και κυρίως, κατά τις τελευταίες δύο δεκαετίες, σε αυτές που συμβαίνουν, όταν επικρατούν ακραία μετεωρολογικά φαινόμενα το καλοκαίρι. Ο νομός Ηλείας, θεωρείται από τους πλέον πυρόπληκτους της Ελλάδας. Για τον λόγο αυτό, επιλέξαμε να μελετήσουμε μια περιοχή, μεσογειακού οικοσυστήματος του Νομού, η οποία έχει πληγεί πολλές φορές στο παρελθόν από τις πυρκαγιές και όλα τα επακόλουθα που τις συνοδεύουν, έκτασης 111.912.638 m . Αυτή η μελέτη, επιχειρεί να παρουσιάσει τις αλλαγές των χρήσεων γης, αλλά και της αναγέννησης μετά από πυρκαγιές, χρησιμοποιώντας τα δορυφορικά στοιχεία της τηλεπισκόπησης, που συλλέχθηκαν σε δύο διαφορετικές χρονικές στιγμές, σε συνδυασμό με τα Συστήματα Γεωγραφικών Πληροφοριών (GIS). Καταγράψαμε την επικρατούσα εικόνα της βλάστησης και αναγέννησης, καθώς και οποιαδήποτε άλλη χρήσιμη, οικολογικής σημασίας πληροφορία, σε 45 δειγματοληπτικές επιφάνειες. Μετά την ολοκλήρωση του προσδιορισμού των φυτικών taxa, όλες οι φυτοληψίες καταχωρήθηκαν στη βάση δεδομένων Turboveg for Windows. Για την ομαδοποίηση των δειγματοληψιών, χρησιμοποιήθηκε η μέθοδος Twinspan. Στη συνέχεια, μέσω του στατιστικού πακέτου PC-ORD 5.0, χρησιμοποιήθηκε, η μέθοδος Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) για τη δημιουργία της γραφικής τους απεικόνισης, ενώ για τον προσδιορισμό των σχέσεων μεταξύ των περιβαλλοντικών μεταβλητών και των μονάδων βλάστησης της περιοχής, έγινε χρήση της μεθόδου Canonical Correspondence analysis (CCA). Οι περιβαλλοντικές μεταβλητές που χρησιμοποιήθηκαν είναι: υπόστρωμα, υψόμετρο, κλίση, προσανατολισμός, αριθμός πυρκαγιών. Με τη χρήση του ArcGIS 9.3 έγιναν θεματικοί χάρτες των καλύψεων/χρήσεων γης πριν και μετά την φωτιά του 2007. Επίσης, έγινε απεικόνιση του ανάγλυφου της περιοχής μελέτης, με τη χρήση ισοϋψών καμπύλων. Έτσι δημιουργήθηκε το Ψηφιακό Υψομετρικό Μοντέλο Εδάφους (ΨΥΜΕ ή DEM: Digital Elevation Model) για την περιοχή. Επίσης παράχθηκε το ΤΙΝ της περιοχής (Triangulated Irregular Network ή Δίκτυο ακανόνιστων τριγώνων). Από το ΤΙΝ παράχθηκαν ο χάρτης κλίσεων, ο χάρτης εκθέσεων και ο χάρτης υψομέτρων. Για να πραγματοποιηθούν τα παραπάνω χρησιμοποιήθηκε η εφαρμογή 3D Analyst στο περιβάλλον του ArcMap, πρόγραμμα ArcGIS 9.3. Τέλος, έγινε Μεταταξινομική σύγκριση (POST- CLASSIFICATION COMPARISON) δορυφορικών εικόνων του Landsat 7 από την περιοχή μελέτης, των ετών 2006 και 2011. Χρησιμοποιήσαμε τα Γεωγραφικά Συστήματα Πληροφοριών και την Τηλεπισκόπηση, επειδή συνιστούν ένα πολύ σημαντικό εργαλείο στη διαχείριση του περιβάλλοντος. Η διαχρονική παρακολούθηση των μεταβολών που συμβαίνουν, μέσω αυτών των συστημάτων, προσφέρει σημαντικά πλεονεκτήματα στον καθορισμό των μελλοντικών δράσεων. Τα αποτελέσματα, μέσα από τη χρήση αυτών των τεχνολογιών, έδειξαν αλλαγές στην εικόνα της βλάστησης πριν και μετά από τις καταστροφικές πυρκαγιές του 2007. Προέκυψε ότι, η αναγέννηση της Χαλεπίου πεύκης (Pinus halepensis) είναι ιδιαιτέρως ικανοποιητική, γεγονός που αποδίδεται αφενός, στους προσαρμοστικούς μηχανισμούς που διαθέτει το συγκεκριμένο είδος και αφετέρου, στις ευνοϊκές συνθήκες ανάπτυξης που επικρατούν στην περιοχή. / Mediterranean ecosystems, with their known structure and composition, owe their existence to the repeated at regular intervals fires. Large forest fires contribute to the increasing percentage of the total area burned per year in our country, especially those of the last two decades which occur when extreme weather conditions prevail in summer. The prefecture of Ilia is considered as one of the most fire affected regions in Greece. For this reason we chose to study an area of a prefecture’s Mediterranean ecosystem expanding over 111.912.638m2, which has been affected several times in the past by fires and all the consequences that accompany them. This study attempts to present the changes in land uses and forest regeneration after fires, using satellite remote sensing data collected at two different times in combination with Geographic Information Systems (GIS). We recorded the prevailing vegetation and regeneration status, as well as any other useful information of ecological importance, by means of 45 sampling plots. After the plant taxa identification, all samplings data were registered in the Turboveg for Windows database and the Twinspan (Two-way indicator species analysis) method was used in order to group the plots. Furthermore, the DCA (Detrended Correspondence Analysis) method was used for the creation of a graphic display of the vegetation data, while, in order to determine the relationships between environmental variables and vegetation units of the area, the CCA (Canonical Correspondence analysis) method was used, both through the statistical package PC-ORD 5.0. The environmental variables used are: substrate, elevation, slope, exposure and number of fires. Using ArcGIS 9.3 we made thematic land use/cover maps before and after the fire of 2007. The 3-D reconstruction of the study area was also made using contour curves, and from this the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) for the study area was derived. The TIN (Triangulated Irregular Network, Network jagged triangles) of the study area was also created as well as the derived slope-, exposure- and altitude maps. To accomplish all the above, we used the 3D Analyst application in the environment of ArcMap, program ArcGIS 9.3. Finally, we compared images (post-classification comparison) of the Landsat 7 from the study area for the years 2006 and 2011. We used Geographic Information Systems and Remote Sensing, since they are very important technologies, used as tool for environmental management. Monitoring through these systems the changes that occur over time, we obtain significant advantages in determining future actions. The results obtained through the use of these technologies, have shown changes in the vegetation before and after the devastating fires of 2007; furthermore, the regeneration of Pinus halepensis is very satisfactory, due both to the adaptive mechanisms of the species and to the favorable growing conditions prevailing in the study area.

Οι δορυφορικές εικόνες ASTER αποτελούν το πιο πρόσφατο προϊόν της διαστημικής τεχνολογίας, Έχει πολύ μεγάλη φασματική διακριτική ικανότητα σε σημείο που να χαρακτηρίζεται από αρκετούς επιστήμονες σαν ένα υπερφασματικό καταγραφικό σύστημα στο υπέρυθρο. Έτσι δίνονται νέες δυνατότητες για την ερμηνεία είτε ποιοτικά είτε ποσοτικά καλύψεων γης και φυσικών καταστάσεων της γήινης επιφάνειας. Ο σκοπός είναι η περιβαλλοντική χαρτογράφηση της θαλάσσιας ζώνης από δορυφορικές εικόνες ASTER προκειμένου να χαρτογραφηθούν μεταβολές στην ανακλαστικότητα που μπορεί να οφείλονται είτε σε διάφορα στο βάθος της θάλασσας είτε σε φαινόμενα ευτροφισμού, ρύπανσης και άλλα. Μετά τις διορθώσεις (αποζωνοποίηση, μετατροπή σε τιμές ενέργειας, κ.α.) η ταξινόμηση της δορυφορικής εικόνας μας επέτρεψε να διακρίνουμε ζώνες διαφορετικής ανακλαστικότητας στο θαλάσσιο περιβάλλον και να δημιουργήσουμε ένα θεματικό χάρτη, ταυτοποίηση του οποίου απαιτεί εργασίες υπαίθρου. / -

Arbetets syfte är att söka av marknaden efter befintliga nätinformationssystem för elnät, för att avgöra vilken funktioner Vimmerby Energi & Miljö AB anses behöva. Och vilket be-fintligt nätinformationssystem som bäst uppfyller de behoven.Efter en urvalsprocess, som baserades på vilken information som fanns att tillgå på respektive nätinformationssystems hemsidor. Samlades sedan data in med hjälp av demonstrationer.Utifrån demonstrationerna kunde det fastställas att alla nätinformationssystemen uppfyllde alla de grundläggande kraven på avbrottsrapportering och förhandsregleringsrapporter till EI. Samt att de alla hade väl utvecklade beräkningssystem, där de viktigaste ansågs vara kortslutningsströmmar och jordslutningsimpedanser.Tre av de redovisade systemen var helt grafiska, medan det fjärde som också är det befintliga systemet är tabellbaserat. Det visade sig dock att kunna utökas med en modul för grafisk visning av ledningarnas läge.Efter att ha undersökt de olika nätinformationssystemens arbetsmetoder, funktionalitet, styrkor och svagheter så kunde slutligen DigPros dpPower, ur en ren teknisk synvinkel, rekommenderas som det nätinformationssystem som bäst passar Vimmerby Energi & Miljö AB. Däremot visade sig Powel OpenNIS också vara ett mycket bra alternativ.Men då rapporten inte tar upp några kostnader i bedömningen så kan rekommendationen komma att förbises, då målet med rapporten främst är att identifieras Vimmerby Energi & Miljös behov, och att bedöma hur väl varje system uppfyller dessa. / This thesis investigates the market for current grid information system for electric grids, to determine which functions that are needed by Vimmerby Energi & Miljö AB. And also which grid information system that is best suited.The selection was based on information found on each grid information system's home-page. By means of demonstration data was collected from the selected grid information system, for comparison.From the comparison one could determine that all of the grid information systems did sat-isfy all the demands from Energimarknadsinspektionen concerning power outages and prior regulation of electrical grid tariffs. All of the grid information systems also satisfied the demands for grid calculations, primarily short circuit currents and earth fault imped-ances.Three of the presented grid information systems were purely graphical, whilst the fourth, which is the present grid information system, were table based. This could be supple-mented with a module for graphically displaying the positions of the lines on a map.By investigating the grid information systems work methods, functionality, strengths and weaknesses it was found that, from a purely technical perspective, the best choice would be DigPro's dpPower. Although Powel's OpenNIS proved to be a good alternative.Since the report only investigates the grid information systems from a technical perspec-tive, and therefore don't report on any of the cost of implementing or sustaining the grid information system, the recommended system might end up not being the best choice. This is mostly due to the purpose of the report, which is to investigate and find which type of functions that suite Vimmerby Energi & Miljö's need. And the recommended grid in-formation system is the one which is considered to satisfy most of these needs.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:46:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 VivianeLS_DISSERT.pdf: 1693280 bytes, checksum: e5897bfabe23ebeed15c07be6961f666 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-12-30 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Although the records indicate the involvement of the City Christmas in the feeding system HiperDia, a survey conducted by the Health Ministry in 2004 found that the number of entries made in Natal was well below estimate. In order to understand the functioning of HiperDia, we performed this study to analyze the actions taken by the professionals involved in power system HiperDia in Natal / RN. The research has developed into a quantitative perspective, with the design of exploratory case study conducted in the health services that integrate the various levels of the organization who are directly involved with the process of system power HiperDia in Natal / RN , represented here by SMS, health districts and the Family Health Units in the period from August to October 2008.Study participants were 110 professionals, including nurses, physicians, operators, administrator and a coordinator. The survey results showed that feeding HiperDia in Natal was maintained mainly by health professionals and operators. Activities include carrying out the state registration, monitoring, and updating of data transfer routines. They report that the difficulties in the process of feeding data are related to the work of teams and / or lack of structure of the Program of Hypertension and Diabetes (HA and DM), the discontinuity of federal investments in improving the HiperDia and lack of training. We can see then that the process of feeding system on Christmas HiperDia therefore is developing the three levels (SMS, districts and health units), however is not matching the expectations established by MS, considering that the gaps the flow of information are undermining the end result of this process / Embora os registros apontem a participa??o do Munic?pio de Natal na alimenta??o do sistema HiperDia, uma avalia??o realizada pelo MS em 2004 detectou que o n?mero de cadastros efetuados em Natal estava bem aqu?m do estimado. Com o intuito de conhecer o funcionamento do HiperDia, realizamos o presente estudo com o objetivo de analisar as a??es desenvolvidas pelos profissionais envolvidos no processo de alimenta??o do sistema HiperDia no munic?pio de Natal/RN. A pesquisa desenvolveu-se dentro de uma perspectiva quantitativa, com delineamento de estudo de caso explorat?rio, realizada nos servi?os de sa?de que integram os diversos n?veis de organiza??o dos que est?o diretamente envolvidos com o processo de alimenta??o do sistema HiperDia no munic?pio de Natal/RN, representados aqui pela SMS, distritos sanit?rios e as Unidades de Sa?de da Fam?lia no per?odo de agosto a outubro de 2008. Participaram do estudo 110 profissionais, entre enfermeiros, m?dicos, operadores, administrador e um coordenador. Os resultados da pesquisa mostraram que a alimenta??o do HiperDia em Natal era mantida principalmente pelos profissionais de sa?de e os operadores. Dentre as a??es desenvolvidas afirmam que realizam o cadastro, acompanhamento, atualiza??o dos dados e as rotinas de transfer?ncia. Relatam que as dificuldades no processo de alimenta??o dos dados est?o relacionadas ao processo de trabalho das equipes e/ou falta de estrutura do Programa de Hipertens?o e Diabetes (H? e DM), a descontinuidade dos investimentos federais no aprimoramento do HiperDia e a aus?ncia de treinamento. Podemos constatar ent?o, que o processo de alimenta??o do sistema HiperDia em Natal, portanto, vem se desenvolvendo nos tr?s n?veis (SMS, distritos e unidades de sa?de), no entanto n?o est? correspondendo as expectativas estabelecidas pelo MS, tendo em vista que as lacunas no fluxo da informa??o est?o prejudicando o resultado final desse processo

The Yorkshire Dales National Park contains some of the UK’s most extensive and well-preserved prehistoric landscapes. Of particular interest are a number of coaxial field systems, which cover hundreds of hectares and exhibit significant time-depth, yet remain little studied and poorly understood in relation to comparable resources elsewhere in Britain and north western Europe. This research aims to address this situation, bringing together existing disparate source materials for the first time, alongside supplementary field observation, to develop a detailed record of the coaxial landscapes. Using a Geographic Information System to manage, interpret and interrogate the combined datasets, analysis focuses on form and character, and explores prehistoric use of the iconic landscape. The study seeks to enhance our knowledge and understanding of the landscapes’ place in space and time, setting them against the backdrop of systems elsewhere, and attempts to place them within the context of later prehistoric society. The research, conducted in association with the Yorkshire Dales National Park Authority, also informs the management and public understanding of the archaeological resource of the Dales via the Historic Environment Record.

abstract: Commodity contracts are often awarded on the basis of price. A price-based methodology for making such awards fails to consider the suppliers' ability to minimize the risk of non-performance in terms of cost, schedule, or customer satisfaction. Literature suggests that nearly all risk in the delivery of commodities is in the interfacing of nodes within a supply chain. Therefore, commodity suppliers should be selected on the basis of their past performance, ability to identify and minimize risk, and capacity to preplan the delivery of services. Organizations that select commodity suppliers primarily on the basis of price may experience customer dissatisfaction, delayed services, low product quality, or some combination thereof. One area that is often considered a "commodity" is the delivery of furniture services. Arizona State University, on behalf of the Arizona Tri-University Furniture Consortium, approached the researcher and identified concerns with their current furnishing services contract. These concerns included misaligned customer expectations, minimal furniture supplier upfront involvement on large capital construction projects, and manufacturer design expertise was not being utilized during project preplanning. The Universities implemented a best value selection process and risk management structure. The system has resulted in a 9.3 / 10 customer satisfaction rating (24 percent increase over the previous system), for over 1,100 furniture projects totaling $19.3M. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S. Construction 2012

Submitted by Gustavo Gomes (gustavolascasas@gmail.com) on 2014-03-12T12:11:44Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Avalia????o do Sistema de Informa????o sobre nascidos vivos.pdf: 552095 bytes, checksum: 0a8bf64739f62d95d976e3289c987255 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Roger Guedes (roger.guedes@fjp.mg.gov.br) on 2014-03-13T18:13:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Avalia????o do Sistema de Informa????o sobre nascidos vivos.pdf: 552095 bytes, checksum: 0a8bf64739f62d95d976e3289c987255 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-03-13T18:13:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Avalia????o do Sistema de Informa????o sobre nascidos vivos.pdf: 552095 bytes, checksum: 0a8bf64739f62d95d976e3289c987255 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 / Funda????o Jo??o Pinheiro / O objetivo principal desta disserta????o consistiu em estimar o grau de cobertura do SINASC (Sistema de Informa????es de Nascidos Vivos) para o estado de Minas Gerais e suas mesorregi??es permitindo, assim, que se pudesse conhecer a efic??cia do sistema em obter o real volume de nascimentos. O objetivo secund??rio foi avaliar aspectos relacionados ?? qualidade de algumas informa????es selecionadas preenchidas na Declara????o de Nascido Vivo (DN). Os dados utilizados foram os dados do SINASC de 1999 e 2000 e os do Censo Demogr??fico de 2000. Para avaliar o grau de cobertura, comparou-se o volume de nascimentos coletados pelo SINASC com os volume de nascimentos estimados a partir dos dados do Censo Demogr??fico, atrav??s da T??cnica P/F de Brass. No caso da avalia????o da qualidade da informa????o coletada atrav??s da DN, mensurou-se o montante de informa????es n??o declaradas (classificadas como ignoradas ou em branco); a raz??o de sexo ao nascer; a prefer??ncia por d??gitos; e a consist??ncia interna no preenchimento das informa????es para as vari??veis escolaridade materna, idade materna, ??ndice de Apgar de 1?? e 5?? minuto, peso ao nascer e dura????o da gesta????o, buscando observar se os dados se apresentavam plaus??veis e/ou apresentavam uma regularidade emp??rica esperada, observada em outras popula????es. As informa????es foram consideradas inconsistentes se, por exemplo, fosse observado nos cruzamentos que mulheres de 10 a 14 anos tinham n??vel de escolaridade superior completo. A inconsist??ncia, caso encontrada, concorreu para que se duvidasse da qualidade da informa????o constante na DN. Quanto aos resultados obtidos, a compara????o dos nascimentos estimados pelo Censo com os coletados pelo SINASC, indicou um grau de cobertura de 88% para o estado de Minas Gerais. Os resultados, segundo mesorregi??es, mostraram que a cobertura poderia ser considerada completa em cinco das doze mesorregi??es: Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte (100%), Oeste de Minas (96%), Campo das Vertentes (95%), Zona da Mata (94%) e Tri??ngulo Mineiro (91%). Em contrapartida, nas mesorregi??es de Jequitinhonha e Norte de Minas, a cobertura ficou abaixo de 70%, indicando a necessidade de um efetivo esfor??o para a completa implementa????o do sistema nessas mesorregi??es. Quanto ?? qualidade da informa????o, no que se refere ?? presen??a de informa????o classificada como ignorada, para o Estado e mesorregi??es, verificou-se que as vari??veis que n??o apresentaram excelente qualidade, ou seja, porcentagem de ignorados inferior a 10%, foram: estado civil, n??mero de filhos tidos mortos, n??mero de filhos tidos vivos, ra??a/cor, ??ndice de Apgar de 1?? e 5?? minuto. N??o foi verificada prefer??ncia sistem??tica por d??gitos quando da an??lise da vari??vel idade materna. Quanto ?? raz??o de sexo ao nascer, verificou-se que apenas na mesoregi??o Central Mineira, o padr??o esperado, n??o foi constatado, podendo isso ser um indicativo de problemas nos dados. Observou-se, para esta mesorregi??o, uma raz??o de sexo ao nascer de 1,09. N??o foram constatadas inconsist??ncias nos cruzamentos analisados. Finalmente, o ??nico resultado preocupante encontrado foi quanto ao ??ndice Apgar ao 1?? e 5?? minuto, pois observou-se uma tend??ncia a classificar os rec??m-nascidos em n??veis altos (9 ou 10), muito mais frequentemente do que o ocorrido em outras popula????es cujos dados de Apgar eram considerados de melhor qualidade e conclui-se que a informa????o de Apgar deve ser utilizada com reservas por pesquisadores. Desta forma, ressalta-se que, de modo geral, a qualidade dos dados obtidos pelo SINASC no estado de Minas Gerais e suas mesorregi??es pode ser considerada adequada e que, portanto, as informa????es avaliadas podem fornecer indicadores valiosos sobre a sa??de materna e infantil. / The primary aim of this study was to estimate the level of coverage of the SINASC System (Information System on Live Births) for the state of Minas Gerais and its geographical subdivisions ??? called mesoregi??es. The secondary aim was to evaluate aspects of the data quality of select information obtained from this System. Data used came from the SINASC System for the years 1999 and 2000 and, also, Population Census data from year 2000. To evaluate data coverage, SINASC was compared to Census data. We previously corrected Census data on children ever born by the indirect technique ???P/F??? conceived by William Brass. For the analysis of data quality, we calculated the percentage of missing information on all the variables available from the SINASC; the sex ratios at birth; maternal age-heaping; and studied the internal consistency of selected variables (maternal schooling, maternal age, Apgar scores at one and at five minutes, birth weight and gestational age). Regarding internal consistency, our aim was to detect whether the data could be considered plausible and/or followed an expected pattern of empirical regularities. Data was considered to be inconsistent if, for example, women 10 to 14 were found to have college education. For the State of Minas Gerais, the coverage level of live births was found to be 88%. The results according to mesoregi??es were that coverage could be considered as complete for five of the twelve mesoregi??es: Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte (100%), Oeste de Minas (96%), Campo das Vertentes (95%), Zona da Mata (94%) and Tri??ngulo Mineiro (91%). On the other hand, for mesoregi??es of Jequitinhonha and Norte de Minas, the coverage level was below 70%. Efforts should be implemented for the effective collection of the live births in these areas. Regarding data quality, some aspects should be underlined. First, marital status, number of children born dead, number of children born alive, race/color, and Apgar scores at one and at five minutes did show a percentage of missing information above 10%. Second, there was no evidence of maternal age-heaping. Third, with the exception of the mesoregi??o of Central Mineira, there was no evidence of problems in the data regarding sex ratios at birth. For Central Mineira, the sex-ratio at birth was found to be 1.09. Finally, data was not found to be internally inconsistent. The only worrisome result was that Apgar scores tended to be overestimed and their use should be made with caution. All in all, it is reasonable to assume that data can be taken as of high-quality and information from SINASC of Minas Gerais should be used for researchers. / Pessoa, fam??lia e sociedade

Ce travail est une contribution aux travaux en cours de l'Organisation mondiale de la Santé pour la mise en place et la diffusion d’outils standards dans les pays africains, visant à une intégration efficiente des indicateurs de santé bucco-dentaire dans la base mondiale des statistiques sanitaires. Ces indicateurs dits "essentiels" axés sur les déterminants sociaux sont en phase avec les objectifs du millénaire et dépassent l'idée selon laquelle "les problèmes sociaux et de développement urgents dans les pays en développement peuvent être résolus de manière isolée, par des approches cloisonnées dans des secteurs spécifiques". L'Afrique ne saurait être en reste de ce nouvel enjeu du millénaire qui impose que des efforts soient réalisés dans tous les secteurs de développement. Les vingt-deux indicateurs recommandés par l'Organisation mondiale de la Santé pour la région africaine ouvrent le champ d'une redynamisation de l'activité bucco-dentaire au plan national et font le lit d'une approche communautaire opérationnelle et intégrée pour la surveillance et la lutte contre les maladies buccodentaires. Leur validation sur le terrain d'exercice, la recommandation de méthodologies de collecte associée en Côte d'Ivoire, via le développement d’un projet pilote, est l’objectif prioritaire de ce travail de recherche. Deux questionnaires ont été développés puis évalués et servent respectivement à la surveillance de la santé buccodentaire des enfants et des adolescents. Les analyses donnent des propriétés psychométriques relativement satisfaisantes et impliquent la prise en compte d'un certain nombre de recommandations pour accroître leur validité et leur faisabilité dans le contexte Ivoirien. Leur généralisation dans la région africaine exige des recherches complémentaires en vue de leur optimisation dans une démarche communautaire opérationnelle intégrée qui reclasse le district sanitaire au coeur du système de surveillance / This work is a contribution to the activities of the World Health Organization relative to the implementation and the distribution of standard tools in the African countries to reach an efficient integration of the essential oral health indicators in surveillance in African countries. These essentials indicators fit into the objectives of the new millennium and exceed the idea according to which " the social problems have to be developed in an isolated way. To be in phase with this new paradigm, African countries have to face these new approaches which require that efforts be realized in all development sectors. Twenty two indicators recommended by the World Health Organization for the African region give opportunities to improve oral health activities on the national level and develop an integrated community approach which is the more operational for surveillance and prevention of oral diseases. The collect of the indicators in Ivory Coast motivates this study, which results are recorded in this document. The findings are the result of many years of research and practice related to the implementation and development of oral health activities in Côte d'Ivoire. Two questionnaires were evaluated and measure respectively oral health indicators for general population, and for children and teenagers. Analyses conclude in relatively good psychometrics properties, but imply the taking account of many recommendations which aim to increase the validity and the feasibility of these questionnaires in the context of the Côte d'Ivoire. Their generalization in the African region requires future researches in a way of their optimization in an integrated operational community based-approach, and a redefinition of the role of local actors in sanitary district