Submitted by Marlene Aparecida de Souza Cardozo (mcardozo@pucsp.br) on 2016-10-28T09:26:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Angelina Carr Ribeiro Martins.pdf: 1874710 bytes, checksum: 57d8896e351eca1b65411ea2c061800e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-28T09:26:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Angelina Carr Ribeiro Martins.pdf: 1874710 bytes, checksum: 57d8896e351eca1b65411ea2c061800e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-17 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The Declaration Nostra Aetate was a document that marked the opening and to the Church for interreligious dialogue, and was the turning point in relations with Jews and Judaism. It was developed in the Vatican II, and in the words of Pope John XXIII, the time was the aggiornamento or Church reform. In this process, understanding the concept of dialogue, to the Vatican, also underwent an evolution that was considered a key element in inter-religious relations of the twentieth century. Therefore, due to the Council, the Catholic Church broke with the theological paradigm supersessionism, there was a change Replacement Model for model Complementation in a new, more liberal and flexible attitude. Thus opened the way for the Christian Theology of Religions. However, the development of the content of Nostra Aetate was the result of research, publications and conferences even before the Council, both of representatives of Judaism, as for Christians, Catholics and Protestants. In this sense, the context of World War II, the Shoah and the creation of the State of Israel was decisive for the subject of the Jews were inserted in the Vatican. The most defended argument referred to the issue of teaching of contempt, led by the French Jewish historian Jules Isaac, by which the Church had to deal with religious anti-Semitism present for centuries in its liturgy. Until its enactment was an intense work in the Council backstage, both by those who opposed the theme of the Jews, as the conservative wing and the Eastern Catholic Churches, who raised political issues involving the State of Israel, as the commitment of priests, as Agostinho Bea, John Oesterreicher e Gregory Baum, with renovator spirit whose work involved skill, knowledge, diplomacy and perseverance until the Council's more political text was completed and approved, the Nostra Aetate / No percurso histórico, as primeiras iniciativas em direção ao diálogo ocorreram no Parlamento Mundial das Religiões, passaram pela Shoah, até o Concílio Vaticano II. A Declaração Nostra Aetate foi um documento que marcou a abertura e a disposição da Igreja para o diálogo inter-religioso, e foi o ponto de virada na relação com os judeus e o Judaísmo. Foi elaborada no Vaticano II, e nas palavras do Papa João XXIII, chegara o momento do aggiornamento, a reforma da Igreja. Neste processo, a compreensão do conceito de diálogo, até o Vaticano II, também passou por uma evolução para que fosse considerado um elemento fundamental nas relações inter-religiosas do século XX. Por conseguinte, em decorrência do Concílio, a Igreja Católica rompeu com o paradigma teológico supersessionista, ou seja, houve uma mudança do Modelo de Substituição para o Modelo de Complementação, em uma nova postura mais liberal e flexível, porém, com seus limites. Assim, abriu-se o caminho para a Teologia Cristã das Religiões. No entanto, a elaboração do conteúdo da Nostra Aetate foi fruto de pesquisas, publicações e conferências realizadas mesmo antes do Concílio, tanto por representantes do Judaísmo, quanto por cristãos, católicos e protestantes. Neste sentido, o contexto da Segunda Guerra Mundial, da Shoah e da criação do Estado de Israel foi decisivo para que o tema sobre os judeus fosse inserido no Vaticano II. O argumento mais defendido referiu-se à questão do ensino de desprezo, liderado pelo historiador judeu francês Jules Isaac, em que a Igreja teve que lidar com o antissemitismo religioso presente há séculos em sua liturgia. Até sua promulgação houve um intenso trabalho desenvolvido nos bastidores do Concílio, tanto pelos que se opuseram ao tema sobre os judeus, como a ala conservadora e as Igrejas católicas orientais, que levantaram questões políticas envolvendo o Estado de Israel, quanto o empenho de sacerdotes, como Agostinho Bea, John Oesterreicher e Gregory Baum, com espírito renovador, cujo trabalho envolveu habilidade, conhecimento, diplomacia e perseverança, até que o texto mais político do Concílio fosse concluído e aprovado, a Nostra Aetate

Cette recherche a été entreprise au milieu d'une polémique qui a affecté beaucoup de pays occidentaux, mais était particulièrement prédominante dans la province de Québec. Cette polémique, ancrée dans le processus de globalisation, est née des accommodements reliés aux différences culturelles et était principalement due à une crise d'identité sociale. Pendant cela, les médias ont été pris d’une frénésie qui a fait en sorte qu’une culture (culte) a été ciblée plus que d’autres : l'Islam. Une discussion sur le rôle et l’identité des femmes dans l'Islam (particulièrement les femmes en hijab) a suivi. Le but de cette étude est de voir comment les féministes occidentales et musulmanes pourraient créer une solidarité en dépit de ce qu'elles voient parfois comme des différences idéologiques insurmontables. Les méthodologies utilisées pendant la recherche étaient la théorie (post)coloniale et l’approche féministe, et le corpus de connaissances était interdisciplinaire pour ensuite construire une perspective complète de la problématique. La conclusion montre que la création de cette solidarité est essentielle pour assurer les droits et les libertés des femmes (la liberté de conscience y comprise). Un élément nécessaire à cette solidarité était le dialogue interreligieux et les conditions de base qui créent un dialogue réussi sont, entre autres, l’écoute active, « l’inclusivité » et l’ouverture d’esprit. Les dialogues interreligieux sont un outil important dans une société religieusement diverse, et connaitre l'autre est fondamental pour surmonter les obstacles et favoriser la compréhension. / This research was started in the midst of a heated controversy which was affecting many Western countries but was especially predominant in the province of Quebec. Having much to do with globalization, the controversy was specifically based on the accommodation practices related to cultural differences and was instigated primarily due to a social identity crisis. During the media frenzy the one culture that came up very regularly was Islam and with that came a discussion on women in Islam—especially those that wear the hijab, and their rights as citizens. The purpose of this study was to see how Christian feminists and Muslim feminists could create solidarity despite what they sometimes see as insurmountable differences in ideologies and practices. The methodologies used during the research were (post)colonial theory and feminist studies in order to guide the analysis and the research (the body of knowledge) took an interdisciplinary approach to be able to construct a holistic perspective of the argument. In the conclusion it was shown that creating this solidarity was essential to upholding women’s rights and freedoms (including freedom of religion). A necessary part of this solidarity was interreligious dialogue and the basic conditions that create a successful dialogue are activelistening, inclusion and open-mindedness amongst others. Interreligious dialogues are an important tool in a religiously diverse society and knowing the other is fundamental in overcoming obstacles and creating understanding.

L’effervescence religieuse et politique au Cameroun engendre progressivement la fragmentation ethnique du peuple chrétien camerounais. Face à la manipulation politique, l’autre nom de l’injustice ethnique, la plupart des Camerounais et Camerounaises y compris les chrétiens réagissent désormais par le tribalisme, l’autre nom de la résignation ou mieux du déchirement social. Les Camerounais et Camerounaises donnent l’impression d’avoir perdu l’esprit de résistance/dissidence qui leur a valu la liberté ou mieux l’indépendance. Comment ignorer que de s’accoutumer au drame de la dérive ethnique, en s’installant, pour des raisons de survie, dans l’éclatement le plus abject, c’est opter pour l’asservissement volontaire d’un peuple qui mène inexorablement au génocide collectif ? Notre recherche repose sur l’hypothèse que les conflits ethniques ont pénétré la sphère du christianisme et font désormais partie des dysfonctionnements de l’Église du Cameroun. Ces dysfonctionnements internes nuisent à la crédibilité de l’Église. Il y a un lien entre les défaillances observées dans l’Église et les défaillances de la société Camerounaise. De plus, le rapport de convergence entre les rivalités ethniques et la religion, provoque un questionnement théologique inévitable : comment amener les différentes ethnies qui forment la plupart des États africains à un harmonieux vivre - ensemble inspiré par le mode de vie et de fonctionnement des Églises chrétiennes, au Cameroun en l'occurrence ? Faut-il se limiter à l’adoption d’une nouvelle image de l’Église par exemple l’Église-famille-de-Dieu, ou bien faut-il prendre le taureau par les cornes et éduquer les peuples africains à une culture de la paix ? La démarche de cette thèse s’inspire de la méthode adoptée par la théologie pratique, c’est-à-dire la praxéologie1, en relation avec la théologie contextuelle2, au niveau du lien avec les méthodes d’analyses des sciences sociales et sciences humaines, et au niveau de sa dimension prophétique créatrice. Elle est construite autour de quatre coordonnées: observation (médiation sociale), interprétation (médiation herméneutique), intervention pastorale (médiation pratique) et prospective. 1 Cf. G. ROUTHIER, et M.VIAU, (dir.), Précis de théologie pratique, Montréal/Bruxelles, Novalis/Lumen Vitae, 2004, 819 p. 2 Cf. C. BOFF, Théorie et pratique . La méthode des théologies de la libération, Paris, Cerf, 1990, 400 p. ii La thèse comporte quatre parties. La première partie (chapitres 1, 2 et 3) consacrée à l’observation cerne la problématique du vivre ensemble multiethnique, pour permettre de mieux percevoir la manifestation du phénomène du tribalisme dans l’Église (les Églises) et la société camerounaise. Elle montre que des situations dramatiques, de malheurs, de pauvreté, de famine, de conflits et de guerres sont causées en partie par le tribalisme exclusif. La deuxième partie (chapitres 4 et 5) porte sur la question du sens. Elle analyse et met à l’épreuve la compréhension du phénomène du tribalisme et des conflits ethniques dans la société et dans les Églises du Cameroun. Sont ainsi abordés, successivement, les principales articulations du tribalisme, la stratégie mise sur pied (diviser pour mieux régner) pour la transformation des structures sociales au Cameroun pendant la colonisation, puis récupérée par les politiciens comme idéologie politique depuis les indépendances. Nous en sommes arrivés à constater que cette idéologie a conduit à une profonde déstructuration de la société camerounaise jusque dans l’Église (les Églises). La troisième partie (chapitres 6 et 7) est consacrée à la pratique ecclésiale du dialogue de la diversité ethnique africaine pour la paix ; nous y montrons comment les solidarités ethniques purifiées au feu de l’Évangile peuvent avoir une influence sur la pratique chrétienne. Nous cherchons ensuite à démontrer que le dialogue interethnique bien articulé est le chemin de la réconciliation. La quatrième partie (chapitre 8) est un effort pour passer de l’utopie mise en pratique à une pratique en forme d’utopie. Nous cherchons à montrer que le dialogue pastoral enrichi par la diversité ethnique et religieuse entraînera la transformation de l’Église locale dans son interaction avec les différentes ethnies du Cameroun et d’Afrique. / The religious and political effervescence in Cameroon is progressively causing the ethnic fragmentation of the Christian people of Cameroon. In the face of political manipulation, the other name for ethnic injustice, the majority of Cameroonians, and Christians in particular, now react by tribalism, the other name for resignation, or better yet, for social fraying. Cameroonians give the impression they have lost the spirit of resistance/dissidence that made their freedom, better yet, their independence possible. How can one ignore that to become accustomed to the drama of ethnic drifting by settling, for reasons of survival, into the most abject fragmentation, is to opt for the voluntary enslavement of a people that inexorably leads to collective genocide? Our research puts forward the hypothesis that ethnic conflicts have penetrated the sphere of Christianity and are now a part of the dysfunctions of the Church in Cameroon. These internal dysfunctions hinder the credibility of the Church. There is a link between the shortcomings observed in the Church and those in Cameroonian society. Furthermore, the relationship of convergence between ethnic rivalries and religion provoke an unavoidable theological questioning: how are the different ethnic groups that make up most African countries to be lead to a harmonious living together inspired by the way of life and the way of functioning of the Christian Churches, in Cameroon to be specific. Must one be limited to adopting a new image of the church, for example the Church- family-of- God, or must one take the bull by the horns and educate the peoples of Africa in regards to living a culture of peace? The approach of this thesis is inspired by the method adopted by practical theology, in other words praxeology3, in relation to contextual theology4, in regards to the relationship with the human and social sciences’ methods of analysis, and in regards to its creative prophetic dimension. It is constructed around four axes: observation (social mediation), 3 Cf. G. ROUTHIER et VIAU (dir.), Précis de théologie pratique, Montréal/Bruxelles, Novalis/Lumen Vitae, 2004, 819p. 4 C. BOFF, Théorie et pratique. La méthode des théologies de la libération, Paris, Cerf, 1900, 400p. iv interpretation (hermeneutic mediation), pastoral intervention (practical mediation) and prospective. The thesis is composed of four parts. The first part (chapters 1, 2, and 3), dedicated to observation, seeks to encompass the issue of multiethnic cohabitation thus enabling a better perception of the manifestation of the phenomenon of tribalism in the Church (the Churches) and in Cameroonian society. It shows that dramatic situations of misfortune, poverty, famine, conflicts and wars are caused in part by excessive tribalism. The second part (chapters 4 and 5) deals with comprehension of the meaning. It analyses and tests the comprehension of the phenomenon of tribalism and ethnic conflict in Cameroonian society and its Churches. What is thus successively examined are the principal manifestations of tribalism, the strategy employed during the era of colonialism in order to transform the social structure in Cameroon (divide to reign more easily), and subsequently kept up by politicians as political ideology since independence. We have come to realize that this ideology has lead to a profound structural breakdown of Cameroonian society that extends to the Church (the Churches). The third part (chapters 6 and 7) is dedicated to the ecclesial practise of dialogue for peace within the African ethnic diversity. We illustrate how ethnic solidarities purified by the fire of the Gospel can have an influence on Christian practise. We then seek to demonstrate that a well articulated ethnic dialogue is the way to reconciliation. The fourth part (chapter 8) is an effort to move from utopia put unto practise to a practise in a utopian form the fertile pastoral dialogue within the ethnic and religious diversity shall bring forth the transformation of the local Church in its interaction with the different ethnic groups of Cameroon and Africa.

Submitted by Noeme Timbo (noeme.timbo@metodista.br) on 2017-02-10T18:25:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LILIAN BALEEIRO.pdf: 929559 bytes, checksum: 6a4ccc723d7203716587e4a39fd32132 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-10T18:25:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LILIAN BALEEIRO.pdf: 929559 bytes, checksum: 6a4ccc723d7203716587e4a39fd32132 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-31 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / With this thesis we present the inter-religious dialogue, from the Brazilian religious pluralist situation, as a challenge for the discussion of religious education in public schools in the secular state of Brazil, with the purpose to overcome intolerance and religious exclusivism. In the first chapter we will introduce the present situation of religious education, especially in its important historical moments, the relationship with the secular state and the position of the Permanent National Forum of Religious Education (FONAPER). In the second chapter we analyze the Brazilian religious plurality taking into account the elements of the Brazilian religious map, relating it to data from the last census of IBGE, with the intention of knowing the Brazilian religious framework and the plural context in which religious education is inserted. In the last chapter we will discuss a proposal of a religious education as ‘a space of dialogue’ between different religions, making use of the foundational elements of the theology of religious pluralism and interreligious dialogue. The practice of religious education as ‘a space of dialogue’ is brought forward as the option that enables tolerance among religious groups represented in the school environment. / Com a presente dissertação buscamos apresentar o diálogo inter-religioso, a partir do pluralismo religioso brasileiro, como desafio para a discussão sobre o ensino religioso em escolas públicas no Brasil, enquanto Estado laico, possibilitando a superação da intolerância e do exclusivismo religiosos. Para isso, no primeiro capítulo apresentaremos a situação do ensino religioso, com destaque para momentos históricos, sua relação com a laicidade do Estado e a experiência do Fórum Nacional Permanente do Ensino Religioso (FONAPER). No segundo capítulo analisaremos a pluralidade religiosa brasileira a partir elementos formadores do mapa religioso brasileiro, relacionando com os dados dos últimos censos do IBGE, com a intenção de conhecer o quadro religioso brasileiro e o contexto plural no qual o ensino religioso está inserido. No último capítulo discutiremos a proposta de um ensino religioso como espaço de diálogo entre as diferentes religiões, utilizando para isso alguns elementos da teologia do pluralismo religioso e do diálogo inter-religioso como fundamentos. A prática do ensino religioso enquanto espaço de diálogo é possível e possibilita a tolerância entre os grupos religiosos que estão representados no ambiente escolar.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-04-10T18:02:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 thiagosantospinheirosouza.pdf: 997005 bytes, checksum: d306262a7b715f69ac469abe9d747de9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-04-11T11:40:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 thiagosantospinheirosouza.pdf: 997005 bytes, checksum: d306262a7b715f69ac469abe9d747de9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-11T11:40:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 thiagosantospinheirosouza.pdf: 997005 bytes, checksum: d306262a7b715f69ac469abe9d747de9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-25 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A presente pesquisa investiga a evolução da temática da relação entre o cristianismo e as outras religiões no pensamento de Paul Tillich, destacando as preocupações explícitas em suas últimas obras, escritas a partir de 1960, em um momento posterior à sua visita ao Japão. Segundo pesquisadores, a visita de Tillich ao oriente proporcionou a ele um contato mais próximo com a religião daquele contexto cultural, em especial o budismo, o que fez com que ele passasse a se importar, pelo menos de forma mais explícita, com outras religiões. Ele chegou a dizer que tinha esperanças que sua Teologia Sistemática fosse considerada a partir da história das religiões. A ocasião em que Tillich mencionou essa possibilidade em relação ao seu sistema se deu quando proferia sua última aula, num evento organizado por Mircea Eliade. O pensador romeno afirmou que Tillich estava revisando sua Teologia Sistemática, nos encontros em que eles dois organizaram. De fato, Tillich teve grande relação com a história das religiões após 1960. No entanto, isso não significa dizer que, de súbito, o pensamento dele mudara, ou que ele estaria disposto a abrir mão do que ele pensara, entregando-se de vez a uma nova perspectiva. Sua preocupação mais explícita com as outras religiões pode ser compreendia como resultado de um processo que se iniciou bem cedo na carreira de Tillich. Para que este aspecto seja mais bem compreendido, é necessário fazer uma leitura da temática das outras religiões em Tillich a partir da ontologia, já que o seu pensamento acerca do ser permeia toda a sua obra. Ao lado da ontologia, está a centralidade da cristologia em seu sistema, em especial através da concepção acerca do Novo Ser que apareceu em Jesus como o Cristo. Novo Ser condensa tanto aspectos ontológicos quanto cristológicos. Assim a relação entre cristologia e ontologia torna-se uma perspectiva para se compreender o pensamento tillichiano como um todo, considerando sempre a relação entre as obras dos momentos de produção anterior e posterior à sua viagem ao Japão. Isso possibilita conceber de que forma a própria cristologia aponta para as outras religiões. / This study investigates the evolution of the theme regarding the relationship between Christianity and other religions in the thought of Paul Tillich, highlighting concerns explicit in his last works, written in 1960, at a time subsequent to his visit to Japan. According to some researchers, Tillich’s trip to East gave him a closer contact with the religion present in that cultural context, especially the Buddhism, which caused him to care, at least more explicitly, with other religions. He even said that he hoped that his Systematic Theology was considered from the history of religions’ point of view. The occasion on which Tillich mentioned this possibility in relation to his system came when uttered his last lecture, at an event organized by Mircea Eliade. The Romanian thinker said Tillich was reviewing his Systematic Theology, in the meetings which both of them organized. Indeed, Tillich had a great relationship with the history of religion after 1960. However, this does not mean that suddenly he changed his thought, or that he would be willing to give up what he thought, embracing once for all a new perspective. His more explicit concern with other religions can be understood as the result of a process that began early in the career of Tillich. In order to better understood this question, it is necessary to make an approaching of other religions’ thematic from Tillich's ontology, since his thinking about the being permeates all his work. Beside the ontology, it is found the centrality of Christology in his system, in particular through the conceptions of the New Being who appeared in Jesus as the Christ. New Being condenses both ontological and Christological aspects. Thus the relationship between Christology and ontology becomes a perspective to understand the thinking of Tillich as a whole, always considering the relationship between the works written before and after his trip to Japan. This allows conceive how Christology itself points to other religions.

This thesis gives an overview of Jesus in the basic sources of Islam, the Qur'an and Sunnah. In a brief biography of Prophet Muhammad, it deals with the influence of Christians in his life. It follows the creation of the Qur'an and mentions some aspects of its doctrine. The thesis selects the Qur'anic verses about Christians and especially those which are related directly or indirectly to Jesus. It analyzes the meaning of the names, which the Qur'an assigns to Jesus. The selected Hadiths, in which some of the names of Jesus appear, are systematized into thematic areas. The thesis observe the role that this Islamic tradition assigns to him. It compares the differences between the view on Jesus in Islam and Christianity. It notes that there are different meanings in both religions under the same sounding names and titles of Jesus. The thesis brings reason why the image of Jesus in Islam is different. It shows whether the person of Jesus can be the object and starting point for interreligious dialogue. In conclusion, it offers the possibilities of inspiration for restoring Christian faith by Muslim Jesus.

[pt] Este trabalho tem por objetivo elaborar uma análise inédita sobre a representação do capelão militar, enquanto personagem, nos filmes de guerra hollywoodianos O Resgate do Soldado Ryan e Peal Harbor e no filme autoral A Grande Guerra e Paisà. Para isto, observou-se o percurso histórico do cinema, o seu uso como uma linguagem de comunicação e propaganda, as suas referências teóricas, que corroboram com a construção do personagem no campo religioso e social. A pesquisa é de natureza qualitativa, seguindo procedimento metodológico de revisão bibliográfica de livros, artigos de revistas científicas e sites da internet, os quais relatam fatos, histórias e trabalhos acadêmicos voltados ao objeto do estudo. De forma surpreendente, embora o capelão desenvolva um notável trabalho no campo sociorreligioso, há um déficit de conhecimento sobre a missão e as atividades desenvolvidas por ele junto às instituições militares e religiosas. Deste modo, este estudo proporciona certa visibilidade e notoriedade ao capelão militar, tendo como referência uma leitura crítica de filmes bélicos. A pesquisa, realizada no campo da comunicação cinematográfica, de modo particular, nas narrativas fílmicas, tem por objetivo extrair, agregar e justificar – de forma direta – os principais temas que estão presentes nas imagens, nos textos e nos sons das cenas, cujo personagem do capelão militar se enquadra, e - de forma indireta -, por meio dos elementos que fazem referência à sua missão institucional, agregada ao campo religioso no qual o capelão está imerso como oficial do culto. A pesquisa enumera, sobretudo, a partir da análise de conteúdo, as virtudes, as qualidades, os defeitos, os vícios, os estereótipos e os clichês, bem como as expressões gestuais e verbais que caracterizam e alimentam o imaginário da construção desse personagem no mundo cinematográfico. Assim sendo, os elementos presentes nas representações dos capelães militares evidenciam sobremaneira o poder simbólico que o personagem exerce, tanto no campo religioso quanto no campo militar, social e político. / [en] This work aims to elaborate an unprecedented analysis on the representation of the military chaplain, as a character, in Hollywood war films Saving Private Ryan and Peal Harbor and in the authoral films “The Great War and Paisan. For this, it was observed the historical trajectory of cinema, its use as a communication and propaganda language, its theoretical references, which corroborate the construction of the character in the religious and social field. The research is qualitative in nature, following a methodological procedure of bibliographic review of books, articles from scientific journals and internet sites, which report facts, stories and academic works aimed at the object of study. Surprisingly, although the chaplain develops a remarkable work in the socio-religious field, there is a lack of knowledge about the mission and the activities carried out by him with military and religious institutions. Thus, this study provides a certain visibility and notoriety to the military chaplain, having as reference a critical reading of war films. The research, carried out in the field of cinematographic communication, in particular, in film narratives, aims to extract, aggregate and justify - directly - the main themes that are present in the images, texts and sounds of the scenes, whose character the military chaplain fits, and - indirectly -, through the elements that refer to his institutional mission, added to the religious field in which the chaplain is immersed as an official of the cult. The research lists, above all, based on content analysis, the virtues, qualities, defects, vices, stereotypes and clichés, as well as the gestural and verbal expressions that characterize and feed the imagination of the construction of this character in the cinematographic world. Therefore, the elements present in the representations of the military chaplains greatly evidence the symbolic power that the character exerts, both in the religious field and in the military, social and political field.

Summaries in English and Afrikaans / Die verhoudings tussen Christene en Moslems word dikwels vertroebel deur wantroue, misverstand en kultuurverskille. Hierdie studie behandel gebed as 'n moontlike brug van begrip tussen Moslems en Christene. Die motivering vir die studie le egter dieper as die soeke na goeie wedersydse verhoudings. Dit vloei voort uit deelname aan die "God se sending" in die wereld. Hoofstuk 2 gee 'n noukeurige beskrywing van Moslemgebed (salat), deur te kyk na die oproep tot gebed, voorneme, wassing, gebedshoudings, asook die plek en rigting van gebed. Hoofstuk 3 bevat 'n Christelike interpretasie van Moslemgebed. Di t bestudeer die aanroep ("In die naam van God"), die Moslem-geloofsbelydenis en salat as ritueel. Hoofstuk 4 tref 'n vergelyking tussen die eerste Soerah (Al-Fatihah) en die "Onse Vader". Beide verskille en ooreenkomste word aangetoon. Hoofstuk 5 trek dan 'n paar missiologiese konklusies, met die klem op gebedshoudings en die verhouding tussen dialoog en getuienis. / Relations between Christians and Muslims have often been strained due to mistrust, misunderstanding and cultural differences. This study focuses on prayer as a possible bridge to mutual understanding between Muslims and Christians. However, the motivation for this study goes deeper than a search for good neighbourliness. It stems from participating in the ''mission of God" in society. Chapter 2 gives a detailed description of Muslim prayer (salat), looking at the call to prayer, intention, ablution, prayer postures, the place and the direction of salat. Chapter 3 contains a Christian interpretation of Muslim prayer. It examines the invocation ("In the name of God"), the Islamic Creed, and salat as ritual. Chapter 4 draws a comparison between the opening Surah (Al-Fatihah) and the Lord's Prayer. Both the common and distinguishing features are highlighted. Chapter 5 draws some missiological implications, focusing on prayer postures and the relationship between dialogue and witness. / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / M. Th. (Missiology)

Summaries in English and Afrikaans / Die verhoudings tussen Christene en Moslems word dikwels vertroebel deur wantroue, misverstand en kultuurverskille. Hierdie studie behandel gebed as 'n moontlike brug van begrip tussen Moslems en Christene. Die motivering vir die studie le egter dieper as die soeke na goeie wedersydse verhoudings. Dit vloei voort uit deelname aan die "God se sending" in die wereld. Hoofstuk 2 gee 'n noukeurige beskrywing van Moslemgebed (salat), deur te kyk na die oproep tot gebed, voorneme, wassing, gebedshoudings, asook die plek en rigting van gebed. Hoofstuk 3 bevat 'n Christelike interpretasie van Moslemgebed. Di t bestudeer die aanroep ("In die naam van God"), die Moslem-geloofsbelydenis en salat as ritueel. Hoofstuk 4 tref 'n vergelyking tussen die eerste Soerah (Al-Fatihah) en die "Onse Vader". Beide verskille en ooreenkomste word aangetoon. Hoofstuk 5 trek dan 'n paar missiologiese konklusies, met die klem op gebedshoudings en die verhouding tussen dialoog en getuienis. / Relations between Christians and Muslims have often been strained due to mistrust, misunderstanding and cultural differences. This study focuses on prayer as a possible bridge to mutual understanding between Muslims and Christians. However, the motivation for this study goes deeper than a search for good neighbourliness. It stems from participating in the ''mission of God" in society. Chapter 2 gives a detailed description of Muslim prayer (salat), looking at the call to prayer, intention, ablution, prayer postures, the place and the direction of salat. Chapter 3 contains a Christian interpretation of Muslim prayer. It examines the invocation ("In the name of God"), the Islamic Creed, and salat as ritual. Chapter 4 draws a comparison between the opening Surah (Al-Fatihah) and the Lord's Prayer. Both the common and distinguishing features are highlighted. Chapter 5 draws some missiological implications, focusing on prayer postures and the relationship between dialogue and witness. / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / M. Th. (Missiology)

Interfaith dialogue is no luxury for Christians living in a pluralistic~ effervescent world of intenningling, multi-religious realities. Many Christians take seriously their responsibility towards interfaith dialogue. However, different Christians understand this responsibility in different ways, which often leads to acrimonious accusations of unchristian dialogical approaches. The question is whether there is any means of ordering and assessing the Christian responsibility towards other religions in a mutually uplifting and increasingly holistic way? Ken Wilber provides an integral, or All-Quadrant, All-Level hermeneutics that may assist us with an answer. All holonswhich means everything in the "Kosmos" - emerge or arise in holarchical fashion. On one level, it is a whole, on the next transcendent level it is a part of the whole. This process is infinite and is only ever released in One Taste/salvation/Nirvana/the Kingdom of God, or simply unqualifiable Suchness. Wilber provides an integrated methodology for understanding the process by which holons find their release in One Taste. The holon of Christian responsibility towards interfaith dialogue also emerges through discreet, recognizable stages. Each stage is integrated into the next higher level. The lower levels are more fundamental since they exist as a part of the higher levels. However, the higher levels are more significant, since they have an increased capacity to explore aspects of dialogue previously hidden. The levels we explore are the mythic rational, the rational and the centauric. 'lbese levels emerge through four interrelated dimensions or Quadrants: the Upper Left or spiritual/faith dimension of the person entering into dialogue, the Upper Right Quadrant or theology of dialogue that emerges, the Lower Left or communal and interpretive realm, and Lower Right which covers the social organizational patterns with which the person in dialogue chooses to associate him or herself. We define responsibility in tenns of these four Quadrants: The response or theology (UR) of the person is dependent upon her response-ability, or interior faith development (UL), which is informed by the worldview (LL) of her faith community to whom she feels responsible, with the sociological patterns of her community (LR), to some extent, offers clues as to her stage of development. / Religious Studies and Arabic / D.Th.(Religious Studies)