As a result of recent social and political pressure and an increase in academic standards, there is a call to address academic and behavioral needs of at-risk students at the secondary level. Currently, many secondary schools are struggling to provide research-based interventions for these students. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a school-based mentoring program utilizing existing school staff and functioning within the constraints of a typical high school schedule, on at-risk students. The study aimed to add to the body of research on interventions in secondary settings and extend research on mentoring. Five at-risk high school students participated in the study which took place during the 2008-09 school year. All of the students received basic mentoring procedures, and three were identified for more advanced mentoring procedures half-way through the school year. Data was collected on academic and social outcomes and the viability of the intervention in the secondary setting. Overall, results of the study were mixed but indicated that the intervention was mildly effective for almost all students in at least one of the areas studied. Limitations of the study and implications for future research and practice are identified and discussed.

The use of disciplinary measures to deal with student behavior brings with it the responsibility to educate the student, not only academically, but socially. It is the social or behavioral component of education that is lacking in most Texas Disciplinary Alternative Education Program (DAEP) settings. The current DAEP model does not provide the means nor the method by which students’ behavior can be remediated, so students’ need for learning positive behaviors goes unmet. The Texas Education Code (TEC Chap. 37) mandates that DAEPs provide instruction in “self-discipline,” but it does not specify how this instruction is to be delivered. In addition, it does not provide for oversight or evaluation, so these requirements may be inconsistently fulfilled, or not fulfilled at all. Many of the students who attend DAEPs have behavioral and emotional difficulties, and are considered at risk for academic failure. Although there have been programs to compensate for and remediate academic skill deficits, there is not one comprehensive program to help students learn appropriate behaviors and overcome risk factors. The Thinking Errors program was developed to help students become aware that the choices they make every day are influenced by poor patterns of thinking. It is designed to help students correct these thinking patterns and learn to take responsibility for their own decisions and behaviors. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the Thinking Errors program in helping students change their behavior.

Due to the several facts, like the effect from global economical recession onto our domestic insurance industry, the influence from non-stop interest rate declining in cost-benefit of management, Taiwan becoming one of the WTO members, the high-rates of insurants in Taiwan, the change of consumer¡¦s demand, as well as the passing Law for mergers of Financial Insitutions and Financial Holding Company Law, some insurance companies are facing severe challenges. In order to survive and develop, these insurance companies would like to provoke their employees¡¦ conscious about this crisis and to re-assess the goal and achievement for their organizations. The project is designed for assisting H Insurance Brokerage Company to process the intervention activity about the organizational transformation. Now-a-days most of the research topics about organizational transformation and development are focused on a big scale of structural convergence like system reengineering and strategic application or the research topics stress on the discussion about the effects element instead of the working process of organizational transformation execution. Therefore, the purpose of this thesis is taking H insurance Brokerage Company as an example to apply Quasi-Experimental method to do the case study on organizational transformation process and the changing situation of organizational efficiency after the intervention activity, which was based on the action research. Within one-year intervention process, this thesis is advanced with these three steps, searching for a fixed position, searching for a consensus, and developing the effective leadership. The production of these three steps is created for resolving the former problems and each of these steps includes ¡§ to diagnose, to plan, to execute, to assess¡¨. At the same time, the research methods such as observations, interviews, conference records and document files as well as Quantitative method, were applied, including twice survey collections, document assessment and analysis. Based on the result from the analysis of these required information, this thesis discovers: 1.Both participants¡¦ ability and organizational performance are elevated through the research process of participatory activity. 2.This case-studied company re-news its location, develops its new goal, and completes its management tools like flowchart, system manual and operational manual after intervenient. 3.Both administrators and participants experienced this learning process of Learning- Internalization-action- improvement during the action research sessions. 4.Action research sessions allows both organization and its members to endlessly improve and develop within endlessly creative changing process.

Consumers¡¦ misbehaviors are common in service settings today. Therefore, the traditional idea of ¡§customers first¡¨ should be challenged. Besides, the scholars are paying more and more attention on the problems and effects comes from ¡§Jaycustomers¡¨. However, there was lack of discussion on ¡§Jaycustomer behaviors¡¨ through experimental research. As a result, this research focuses on Jaycustomer¡¦s characteristics, which including the perceived severity and size, and focuses on service provider¡¦s intervention behavior. And the research purpose is finding out that if the perceived severity of Jaycustomer behaviors and the Jaycustomer¡¦s size have effects on other customers¡¦ emotional state. Furthermore, this research also aims to understand the influence of service provider¡¦s intervention to customers¡¦ emotions, satisfaction, and WOM. This research reports an experimental design in the context of coffee shop with eight (2¡Ñ2¡Ñ2) scenarios. Two hundred and nineteen questionnaires were gathered. According to the gathered data, the conclusions of this research are summarized as following: 1. Different Jaycutomer behaviors will make people have different perceived severities. And higher perceived severity of Jaycustomer behaviors makes lower degree of customers¡¦ positive emotions and higher degree of negative emotions. 2. When Jaycustomer¡¦s size is getting higher, other customers will have more negative emotions. 3. Customers being in the same service settings or having eye contact with Jaycustomers, even without physical contact, will still be affected by them. 4. Service provider¡¦s intervention will raise other customers¡¦ positive emotions and lower their negative emotions. Consumers¡¦ positive emotions with intervention will be higher than the positive emotions with no intervention. And consumers¡¦ negative emotions will be lower than the negative emotions without intervention. 5. When consumers have higher positive emotions or lower negative emotions, they will more satisfy with the service, and they will have more positive WOM behaviors.

One objective of the present investigation was to compare Salmonella and Campylobacter recovery incidence from commercially processed turkeys immediately prior to and following pre-chill and immersion chiller intervention strategies being used in three distinct turkey processing facilities. In each plant, on a single day of processing, 100 carcass rinse samples prior to and following each post-evisceration, pre-chill intervention and following immersion chilling were obtained for Salmonella and Campylobacter recovery. Two of three plants demonstrated a trend of decreased Salmonella on carcasses following the Inside Outside Bird Wash (IOBW), with reductions of 13%, and 11% being observed for Plants 1 and 2, respectively. Results for reductions of Campylobacter contamination were not as straightforward, with only Plant 3 showing decreased levels (11% reduction) following the IOBW. Plant 2 used an additional pre-chill intervention, a low pressure, acetic acid final wash, which was not shown to be effective in causing an additional reduction in either Salmonella or Campylobacter on carcasses. In all three plants, properly managed immersion chilling systems were the most effective microbial intervention for achieving Salmonella andCampylobacter reduction on processed turkey carcasses. While not as effective, the IOBW present in each plant likely contributed to the effectiveness of immersion chiller interventions. If managed properly these intervention points have demonstrated themselves as a viable means to effectively reduce Salmonella and Campylobacter on processed turkeys. Another objective was to modify the scalder environment to an alkaline pH and determine the effects of thermal killing of Salmonella and Campylobacter. In each plant, on a single day of processing, 50 carcass rinse samples prior to and following scald tank immersion and following feather removal were obtained for Salmonella and Campylobacter recovery. Modification of the scald water to alkaline conditions (pH 9- 10) did not result in increased thermal killing of Salmonella or Campylobacter on turkey carcasses, as hypothesized before the investigation. Alkaline conditions are known to facilitate a more efficacious pluck and aid in the detachment of bacteria. Due to this, the bacteria that were recovered at these points on the processing line could have had an impact on the observed data.

<p>Humanitär intervention är ett begrepp inom internationella relationer som väcker många känslor och frågor. Trots att idén om att använda våld för att stoppa brott mot de mänskli-ga rättigheter kan verka attraktivt från ett moraliskt perspektiv, vilket man i århundraden har gjort, har denna praktik varit synnerligen oregelbunden. Detta i hög grad beroende på den ambivalens som finns inför de internationella normer som skall reglera staters använ-dande av militärt våld.</p><p>Synen på humanitära interventioner har ändrats i överensstämmelse med de förändringar som skett inom det internationella systemet. Dessa ändringar har, till viss del, medfört en förändrad syn på de normer som legitimerar användandet av våld inom det internationella samfundet.</p><p>Humanitära interventioner som begrepp och praktik innehåller många dilemman i vår tid. Detta eftersom det berör traditionella normer av suveränitet och ickeintervention, som är de främsta byggstenarna för det moderna internationella systemet, tillika del av Förenta Na-tionernas (FN) stadgar. Stater är i dag förbjudna att använda militärt våld som ett instru-ment i deras utrikespolitik, förutom i fall av självförsvar eller i kollektiva säkerhetsåtgärder, beslutade av FN:s säkerhetsråd. Det handlar även om att det finns traditionella normer som förbjuder intervention i andra staters interna angelägenheter. Dessutom ska allt militärt våld auktorernas av säkerhetsrådet, som har till uppgift att upprätthålla internationell fred och säkerhet.</p><p>Med detta perspektiv för ögonen, är användandet av våld för att genomdriva internationella humanitära normer, mycket begränsad enligt internationell lag. Detta har i många situatio-ner skapat ett svart hål när det kommer till att stoppa allvarliga förbrytelser mot de mänsk-liga rättigheter, genom internationellt ingripande. Ovanstående har lett till att man börjat diskutera och ifrågasätta traditionella principer som har varit ledande för det internationella samarbetet, vilket i sin tur skulle kunna öppna vägen för vissa interventioner med humani-tära syften.</p><p>Denna diskussion handlar om suveränitet, internationella lag och det handlar om moraliska ställningstaganden. Realismen har under lång tid varit den ledande skolan i internationella relationer och därmed lagt grunden för hur man ska tolka internationella konflikter, krigs-föring och interventioner. På senare tid har Realismen utmanats av andra teoretiska skolor och ställningstaganden som ifrågasätter Realismens förmåga att förklara händelser på den internationella arenan.</p><p>Genom att jämföra Realismens ståndpunkter, gentemot humanitära interventioner, med Utilitarismen och den Kosmopolitiska skolan, har uppsatsen kunnat presentera olika bilder av den problematik som humanitära interventioner idag står inför och därmed måste för-hålla sig till. Igenom att granska konflikten i Rwanda 1994 och Kosovo 1999 har problema-tiken runt humanitära interventioner ytterligare kunnat belysas och diskuteras. Detta har skett genom en kvalitativ textanalys.</p><p>Nyckelord: Humanitär Intervention, Suveränitet, Icke-intervention, Internationell lag, Rea-lism, Kosmopolitanism, Utilitarism, Moral</p> / <p>Humanitarian intervention is a concept within international relations that provoke many diverse feelings and questions. Although the idée too use force in the name of ending crimes against human rights may seem attractive from a moral perspective, its practise has been highly irregular. This is much due to the norms that regulate states use of military force.</p><p>The view on humanitarian interventions has changed in unity with the changes that have appeared within the international system. These changes have, to some extent, brought on a transformation in how we look upon the norms that regulate the use of force within the international community.</p><p>Humanitarian intervention is also a concept and practises that creates many dilemmas in our time. This because it touches and concerns traditional norms of sovereignty and non-intervention, that is not only fundamental building stones for the modern international system, but also a immense part of the structure of the United Nations (UN). States today, are forbidden to use military force as an integrated part of their foreign policy, except in cases of self-defence or collective security measures authorised by the UN Security Council. It is also about customary norms, which declare that states should not interfere in other states internal affaires.</p><p>In the company of the above stated, the use of force to implement humanitarian norms is fairly limited according to international law. This has repeatedly created a gap when it comes to stop serious violations against human rights through international interference. The above stated has led to an intense discussion concerning how traditional principals may have to chance in ways that better can guide international cooperation’s in these matters. This discussion may in turn lead to an opening for some sort of interventions with humanitarian purposes.</p><p>This discussion, furthermore, concerns sovereignty, international law, and it is about morality. Realism has for a long period of time been the leading school in international relations and has laid the ground for how we should interpret international conflicts, war and intervention. Recently, this school has been forced too respond to opposition from some other theoretical schools; questioning Realisms ability to explain activities on the international arena.</p><p>By comparing Realism opinion toward humanitarian interventions, with the Utilitarian and Cosmopolitan school, this thesis has been able to present different pictures describe the complexity of humanitarian interventions. Through analyse of the conflicts taking place in Rwanda 1994 and in Kosovo 1999, the issue of humanitarian intervention has been further scrutinised and discussed. This has been done through a qualitative text analyse.</p><p>Keywords: Humanitarian Intervention, Sovereignty, Non-intervention, International law, Realism, Cosmopolitanism, Utilitarianism, Morality</p>

Thèse d'exercice : Médecine : Nancy 1 : 2008. / Titre provenant de l'écran-titre.

Zugl.: Hannover, Univ., Diss., 2006

Zugl.: Berlin, Humboldt-Univ., Diss., 2009

Thesis (M.A.)--Naval Postgraduate School, 2002. / Thesis advisor(s): Letitia Lawson, Anna Simons. Includes bibliographical references. Also available online.