Dans l’hémisphère Nord, le climat des deux derniers millions d’années a été marqué par une alternance de périodes froides et de brefs intervalles chauds. Cette succession d’évènements a laissé des traces durables au niveau de l’arrangement spatial de la diversité et de la structure génétique au sein des espèces.<p>En décrivant la répartition spatiale des lignées d’une espèce au moyen d’informations génétiques, la phylogéographie vise à identifier les processus évolutifs responsables de cette répartition. La phylogéographie comparée permet de gagner en compréhension en confrontant les patrons de variation génétique présents chez plusieurs espèces codistribuées :en étudiant des espèces partageant une même histoire au moyen de plusieurs sources d’information indépendantes (par exemple, plusieurs fragments d’ADN ou des données bioclimatiques historiques externes), il est possible de mettre en évidence des éléments de cette histoire commune tels que des refuges glaciaires ou des routes de recolonnisation post-glaciaires. Par contre, il est aussi possible que les caractéristiques biologiques intrinsèques à chaque espèce, telles que des stratégies dispersives ou reproductives différentes, engendrent une différenciation dans la structure et la diversité de cette variation génétique. <p>Dans cette thèse de doctorat nous nous sommes intéressés à deux espèces inféodées à un même hôte (Picea abies) et appartenant à une même sous-famille taxonomique (Coleoptera :Curculionidae, Scolytinae). Il sagit du typographe, Ips typographus et du dendroctone, Dendroctonus micans. Au moyen de plusieurs fragments génétiques spécialement identifiés pour cette étude ainsi que par le recours à des modèles bioclimatiques et des tests statistiques basés sur la théorie de la coalescence, nous avons étudié la phylogéographie de ces espèces.<p>Les résultats obtenus au cours de ce travail ont permis de mettre en évidence l’influence contrastée de stratégies écologiques différentes sur l’arrangement de la variation génétique. Une espèce opportuniste aux capacités de dispersion élevées telle qu’I. typographus présente un patron génétique peu structuré (des variants génétiques appelés haplotypes sont présents dans des régions très disparates) et un degré de polymorphisme nucléaire relativement élevé. Au contraire, une espèce parasitique adaptée à un environnement stable et caractérisée par une stratégie de dispersion limitée telle que D. micans présente un patron génétique très structuré (un nombre restreints et spécifiques d’haplotypes sont observés dans des régions géographiquement proches) et un degré de polymorphisme nucléaire dramatiquement faible.<p>Par ailleurs la comparaison de nos résultats à ceux de leur hôte, l’épicéa, ainsi qu’à ceux d’autres espèces partageant une même niche écologique (ex. Rhizophagus grandis), nous a permis de mettre en évidence des éléments communs dans l’histoire de ces espèces boréo-montagnardes :les populations européennes et asiatiques présentent une même divergence ancienne (antérieure à la dernière glaciation) et les populations européennes affichent des traces de structure génétique. Ces éléments nous ont permis de reconsidérer l’histoire de ces deux espèces en proposant et testant de nouveaux scénarios historiques./In the North Hemisphere, the climate of the last two million years has been paced by<p>the alternation of ice ages and warm interglacial periods. This succession of events has markedly shaped the present-day spatial arrangement of genetic diversity and structure within species. <p>By analyzing the geographical distribution of genetic variation within species, Phylogeography aims to identify evolutionary processes responsible for the current spatial patterns in the distribution of populations. Comparative phylogeography is used to gain insights into the understanding of driving evolutionary processes by co-analyzing the current genetic variation patterns of several co-distributed species; the study of species sharing a same history by several independent sources of information (e.g. different DNA fragments or historical bioclimatic data) allows to identify similar historical events such as glacial refugia or post-glacial recolonization pathways. However differences in life-history traits related to specific ecological strategies may also influence contrasting patterns of genetic structure and diversity. <p>In this PhD thesis, we focused on two insect associated with a same host (Picea abies) and belonging to a same taxonomic sub-familly (Coleoptera :Curculionidae, Scolytinae). The two insects are the Eurasian spruce bark beetle, Ips typographus, and the great spruce bark beetle, Dendroctonus micans. By the use of several genetic markers specifically designed for the purpose of this study and by bioclimatic modeling approach combined with coalescent-based statistical method, we have studied the phylogeography of both species. <p>Our results enable us to highlight the influence of contrasting ecological strategies on the spatial arrangement of genetic variation. On the one hand, opportunistic species characterized by high dispersal capacities, such as I. typographus, exhibits poor genetic structure (same genetic variants named haplotypes are found in really distant geographic regions) and a relatively high polymorphism level. On the other hand, parasitic species well-adapted to stable environmental conditions and characterized by limited dispersal strategy, such as D. micans, exhibits high genetic structure (same specific haplotypes found in same or neighboring geographic countries) and an extremely low polymorphism level.<p>Moreover, the comparison of our results with those of their specific host plant Picea abies and of other sympatric species (e.g. Rhizophagus grandis), has enable us to identify common patterns typical of boreo-montane species :a same old divergence between european and asiatic populations (older than the last glaciation) and genetic structure in european populations. These findings have been used to infer past of both species by identifying and testing new historical scenarii.<p><p> / Doctorat en Sciences agronomiques et ingénierie biologique / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Tendons are able to undergo repeated cyclic loading in vivo without permanent deformation or mechanical failure. However, diseased, traumatised and decellularised tendons gradually lose the ability to resist load and fail because of creep deformation. The molecular basis of the mechanical properties of tendon and how cells establish and maintain these properties is poorly understood. New knowledge in this area is required to develop novel medical strategies to improve tendon repair and regeneration. Recent advances in tissue bioengineering have led to the formation of fibrin-based tendon-like tissue (‘tendon constructs’) that display the mechanical properties and ultrastructure of embryonic tendon. This thesis presents the characterisation of the tendon constructs derived from primary fibroblasts to understand the relationship between the cells and matrix during tissue development, and to establish the standard of in vitro engineered tendons. These findings facilitated protocol development to engineer human tendon-like tissue derived from stem cells. Novel findings of constructs formed from differentiated human pluripotent stem cells in feeder and feeder-free systems are presented. Fibrin gels were seeded with human dermal fibroblasts (HDF), chick tendon fibroblasts (CTF), MAN5 (Manchester, embryonic stem) cells, human embryonic stem cells (HuES7) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS). The gels were cultured until isometric tendon-like constructs were formed (T0) or continued for four or ten days post-formation. The mechanical properties, histology and gene expression of the constructs were analysed and compared between the constructs seeded with the aforementioned cell types. Varying the initial cell number (tested in CTF-seeded fibrin and collagen based constructs) significantly affected the final cell count and the mechanical properties of the constructs differentially at T0 and T10. A non-linear relationship exists between the initial and final cell number, and, between the initial cell number and mechanical properties. However, the results showed that cell number impacted cell-matrix stabilisation as strength per se was strongly dependent on initial cell number. Collagen-based constructs showed a significantly lower stiffness compared with fibrin-based constructs at T0 and T10. The stem cells and primary cells reproducibly underwent morphogenesis to form a 3D tissue similar to embryonic tendon in vivo expressing ECM markers such as collagens type I and III. The tissue also exhibited the ultrastructural characteristics and biomechanical profile of immature tendons. RNA seq and qPCR results demonstrated the upregulation of tendon-specific genes. Tendon-like tissue generated from human stem cells and HDFs in vitro has the potential to replace functional tissue lost through disease and to advance the understanding of the molecular basis of human tenogenesis.

Syftet med aktuell studie är att belysa arbetsgivares erfarenheter av arbetsrehabiliteringsmetoden SE/ IPS för personer med psykisk funktionsnedsättning på den svenska konkurrensutsatta arbetsmarknaden. Lämplighetsurval praktiserades och utforskande kvalitativ ansats valdes utifrån studiens syfte, intervjuer genomfördes som datainsamlingsmetod och kvalitativ innehållsanalys tillämpades. Analysen av intervjutexterna utmynnade i ett övergripande tema och fyra kategorier. Det övergripande temat ”arbetsgivarnas engagemang för att inkludera kontra produktionskrav och resurser” visar på en spänning mellan arbetsgivarnas starka drivkraft att inkludera personen i samhället utifrån personens vilja till arbete och svårigheten att finna meningsfulla arbetsuppgifter vars krav svarar mot personens arbetsförmåga. De fyra kategorierna är: ”Skapar egna förutsättningar för arbete trots utmaningar”, ”oklara yttre förutsättningar äventyrar arbetsrehabilitering”, ”ständigt drivande och samordnande vägledare” och ”arbetslivet som en del av vardagen”. Slutsats: Arbetsgivarna har tydliga ambitioner att utgöra en utgöra en stödjande omgivningsfaktor enligt PEO-modellen. Resultatet presenterar arbetsgivarnas behov för att kunna leva upp till sina ambitioner. Det kvalificerade stöd i form av information och vägledning som arbetsgivarna efterfrågar motsvaras av PEO-matchning, en teoretisk modell tillämpad inom arbetsterapi. / The purpose of current study is to highlight employers' experiences of the SE/IPS vocational rehabilitation method for people with mental disabilities in the Swedish competitive labor market. Purposeful sampling was practiced and an exploratory qualitative approach was chosen based on the purpose of the study, interviews were conducted as a data collection method and qualitative content analysis was applied. The analysis of the interviews resulted in an overall theme and four categories. The overall theme "employers 'commitment to include versus production requirements and resources", shows a tension between employers' strong ambition to include the person in society based on the person's willingness to work, and the difficulty in finding meaningful tasks whose demands correspond to the person's work ability. The four categories are: “Creates their own conditions for work despite challenges”, “unclear external conditions jeopardize vocational rehabilitation”, “constantly driving and coordinating coach” and “vocational life as part of everyday life”.                Conclusion: Employers have clear ambitions to constitute a supportive environmental factor according to the PEO-model. The result presents employers' needs to meet their ambitions. The qualified support in terms of information and guidance requested by employers correspond to PEO-matching, a theoretical model applied in occupational therapy.

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The thesis is focused on consumer bill payments (payments of a small and medium value of 10 to 100 EUR) and the provision of payment-collection service in the Czech Republic, which being a member-state of the EU can show the trends and characteristics that can be identified in the markets of Germany, France, Italy and other countries of the Single Market of the EU. The purpose of this research is to analyze payment channels used by consumers in C2B level of transfers in the Czech Republic, what provides the basics to understand the appropriate form an instant payments business entity (consumer bill payment collector) should better take to have the space for future development and growth. The focus is made on the market of consumer bill payments and the current development of C2B payments sphere in the Czech Republic and the EU -- all to see the specifics of the market and to answer the question if the entrance and the launch of an IPS in the Czech Republic, first, would be of demand and, second, would have enough time to develop and mature itself to stay in existence in a long-term.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第23378号 / 医博第4747号 / 新制||医||1052(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 武藤 学, 教授 上杉 志成, 教授 篠原 隆司 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

Publication aims to propose and apply new metrics for intrusion detection in network traffic according to analysis of existing metrics, analysis of network traffic and behavioral characteristics of known attacks. The main goal of the thesis is to propose and implement new collection of metrics which will be capable to detect zero day attacks.

This project deals with analysis of brute force attacks focused on breaking authentication of common services (especially ssh) of Linux and xBSD operating systems. It also examines real attacks, actual tools and ways of detection of theese attacks. Finaly there are designed new mechanisms of coordination and evaluation of distributed brute force attacks in distributed environment. These mechanisms are then implemented in distributed system called DBFAP.

Bad worker health leads to an unnecessary increase of absent days and loss of money, particularly the more physically demanding jobs as in industry. This can be seen in both a broader perspective and also in the suffering of the individual. In order to stop this trend and lower the work injuries connected to bad ergonomics good, reliable, and preferably digital, methods have to be generated and evaluated. The aim of this master’s thesis is to investigate how Digital Human Modelling (DHM) tools can beused to evaluate physical ergonomics by building a real-life workstation in the DHM tool IPS IMMA. The workstation used here is based on a newly installed station at a large company placed in Skövde. This station was developed in collaboration of both technical specialists but also ergonomist consulting from the company Feelgood. The goal has therefore been to examine where in the process a DHM tool could be used and if it would contribute to the process. The methods chosen to investigate the use of DHM tools were to build a final model in IPS IMMA, which is based of four different versions of the workstation. By building four different versions of the workstation the process has simultaneously been analyzed and documented in order to compare the findings made in the program to the ones made in real life. The results have also been made in combination to finding the opportunities, challenges, and disadvantages with using DHM tools. The needed improvements within the DHM field have also been noted and discussed.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第21007号 / 医博第4353号 / 新制||医||1028(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 川口 義弥, 教授 井上 治久, 教授 瀬原 淳子 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DGAM