Describing a comprehensive neurofunctional model of sentence comprehension has always been a complex challenge. On one hand, disentangling the subprocesses that are necessary for computing the meaning of a sentence and their neural underpinnings is insidious. Each subprocess is closely interconnected with the others, and isolating only one as if it were separable can undermine the investigation of the overall process above. On the other hand, available data on the neural basis of sentence processing are not straightforward. This thesis explores relevant contributions and attempts to highlight open questions regarding the neural basis of two key processes in sentence comprehension, namely morphosyntactic processing and thematic role assignment. It presents and discusses original data resulting from an experiment that, to our knowledge, represents the first investigation of the neural basis of these two processes in the same sentential context. Results demonstrate that morphosyntactic and thematic processing rely on functionally distinct neural correlates in the left hemisphere. Morphosyntactic aspects are mostly processed in a left prefrontal network including the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and the middle frontal gyrus (MFG), whereas thematic role assignment correlates with a left parietal node including the left intraparietal sulcus (IPS). Moreover, it is argued that results support the view that these regions play a language-related rather than domain-general role in human cognition. Finally, two statistical approaches to the analysis of the same TMS language data (ANOVA and Linear Mixed Models – LMMs) are compared. Their outcomes are discussed and an attempt is made at accounting for similarities and differences. Results suggest that the two models should not be considered on a sort of quality hierarchy according to which one has greater or lesser explanatory power than the other. Rather, they both represent legitimate and reliable approaches to account for data variability.

Le recours aux cellules souches pour améliorer la réparation et guérison des blessures et maladies musculosquelettiques chez le cheval est de plus en plus fréquent. Les développements récents dans la reprogrammation cellulaire ont permis le développement de nouvelles sources de cellules souches pour ces thérapies régénératives. Des cellules souches pluripotentes induites (iPS) autologues peuvent être dérivées de cellules adultes par la reprogrammation directe à travers l'expression induite des gènes de pluripotence. Le clonage par transfert nucléaire (SCNT) suivi de la dérivation de cellules souches embryonnaires (ES) permet la reprogrammation indirecte des cellules adultes. Cependant, l’efficacité de ces deux méthodes pour la dérivation de cellules pluripotentes génétiquement stables est faible. Nous avons donc combiné les techniques SCNT et iPS dans le but de développer un protocole efficace de dérivation de cellules iPS autologues à partir de fibroblastes de la peau équine. Quatre facteurs de reprogrammation ont été introduits dans les cellules fibroblastes de fœtus clonés (ntFF) ainsi que les cellules ES provenant d’embryons clonés (ntES) pour induire leur reprogrammation en cellules iPS autologues. Les cellules ntFF-iPS et ntES-iPS ont des capacités prolifératives avancées et expriment des marqueurs de pluripotence importants. Par contre, les cellules ntES ont une efficacité de reprogrammation significativement supérieure aux cellules nt-FF et forment des colonies trois fois plus rapidement. Contrairement aux cellules ntES, les cellules ntES-iPS démontrent une augmentation de l’expression des marqueurs de pluripotence et survivent à la culture cellulaire prolongée. Les résultats présentés dans ce mémoire attestent que l’utilisation de la reprogrammation secondaire de cellules FF et ES clonées permet la production de cellules souches pluripotentes autologues stables chez le cheval. / For veterinarians, regenerative medicine in horses has focused mainly in the use of stem cells for arthritis, tendon and ligament repair, indicating a need for treating musculoskeletal injuries. The recent developments in cell reprogramming have paved the way for alternative cell sources for stem cell therapies. Autologous pluripotent stem cell lines can be derived from adult cells either by direct reprogramming through induced expression of pluripotency genes (iPS) or indirectly by reprogramming through somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) followed by the derivation of embryonic stem cells (ESC). However, outcome efficiencies of SCNT and iPS protocols are invariably low, indicating that alone neither of these reprogramming routes is sufficient for deriving genetically and epigenetically stable pluripotent stem cells. We hereby report on the production of autologous equine iPS cells by combining SCNT and iPS reprogramming protocols. Adult skin fibroblasts were used for SCNT, and the resulting cloned embryos were either used to obtain cloned fetal fibroblast cells (ntFF), or used for ESC culture (ntES). Cells were then transfected with reprogramming factors to derive autologous iPS cells. Both ntFF-iPS and ntES-iPS cells are capable of extensive proliferation and express important pluripotency factors. However, ntES reprogramming efficiency is significantly higher than ntFF cells, with ntES-iPS colonies forming three times faster. Additionally, ntES-iPS cells showed improved pluripotency marker expression when compared with ntES cells. The results presented in this memoir indicate that stable equine iPS cell lines may be readily obtained from secondary reprogramming of cloned ntFF and ntES cells, opening novel avenues for developing autologous pluripotent stem cell therapies.

Future manufacturing will be characterized by the complementarity between humans and automation (human-robot collaboration). This requires new methods and tools for the design and operation of optimized manufacturing workplaces in terms of ergonomics, safety, efficiency, complexity management and work satisfaction. There have been some efforts in the recent years to propose a tool for determining optimal human-automation levels for load balancing. Although the topic is quite new, it shares some similarities with some of the existing research in the area of robotic assembly line balancing. Therefore, it is crucial to review the existing literature and find the most similar models and methods to facilitate the development of new optimization models and algorithms. One of the two contributions that this thesis gives to the research world in the RALBP context is a literature review that involves high quality articles from 1993 to beginning 2018. This literature review includes visual and comprehensive tables—and a label system— where previous research patterns and trends are highlighted. Visualization of data and results obtained by assembly line optimization tools is a very important topic that has rarely been studied. Data visualization would provide a: 1. better comprehension of patterns, trends and qualitative data 2. more constructive information absorption 3. better visualization of relationships and patterns between operations, and 4. better contribution to data manipulation and interaction. The second contribution to research found in this thesis is the use of a human modelling (DHM) tool (called IPS), which is proposed as an assessment to the ergonomic risk that a robotic assembly line may involve. This kind of studies are necessary in order to reduce one of the most frequent reasons of work absence in our today society i.e. musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). MSDs are often the result of poor work environments and they lead to reduced productivity and quality losses at companies. In view of the above, IPS was used in order to resolve the load handling problem between human and robot, depending on their skills and availability, while fulfilling essential ISO standards i.e. 15066 and 10218:1 and :2. The literature review made it possible to select highly useful documents in developing assumptions for the experiment and contributed to consider real features detected in the industry. Results show that even though IPS is not capable of calculating an entire robotic assembly with human-robot collaboration, it is able to simulate a workstation constituted of one robot and one human. Finite and assembly motions for both human and robot are expected to be implemented in future versions of the software. Finally, the main advantages of using DHM tools in assessing ergonomic risks in RALB can be extracted from the results of this thesis. This advantages include 1. ergonomic evaluation for assembly motions 2. ergonomic evaluation for a full working day (available in future version) and 3. essential ISO standard testing (available in future version).

This thesis discusses the responsibility of and risk for infestations of spruce bark beetle. The spruce bark beetle, Ips typographus, is a natural part of the Swedish forest ecosystem but causes severe financial damage in forestry. Since 2018, the spruce bark beetle infestations have been substantial in Sweden. The first task of the thesis is to evaluate the balance between the forest production interests and the environmental interests, based on the legal regulation of spruce bark beetle control. Production and environment are the equal aims of the Swedish Forestry Act. The regulation of spruce bark beetle control differs depending on whether the forest is in a conservation area or not. For example, owners of forests outside conservation areas are obliged to take care of damaged, fresh wood of spruce and pine, while such an obligation in general does not exist in conservation areas. In this evaluation, I conclude that the balance between the two interests in the spruce bark beetle regulation is good as a whole.  The second question of the thesis is the legal allocation of risk for spruce bark beetle infestations. In this investigation, it is examined whether established law presents a possibility to claim damages for spruce bark beetle infestations that may derive from an adjacent forest. The conclusion drawn is that the regulation of compensation for certain kinds of environmental damage in the Swedish Environmental Code probably would not be applicable as a legal basis for such a claim. By contrast, neighbour law and the Swedish Torts Act could be used as the basis of an action for damages. However, to prove causality regarding the origins of a specific infestation might bring problems, which altogether means that an action for damages faces considerable difficulties. Therefore lastly, some alternative ways of allocating the risk for spruce bark beetle infestations are presented. / I denna uppsats diskuteras ansvar och risk för granbarkborreangrepp. Granbarkborren, Ips typographus, är en naturlig del av skogens ekosystem men orsakar stora ekonomiska skador i skogsbruket. Sedan 2018 har granbarkborreangreppen i Sverige varit omfattande.  Uppsatsens första uppgift är att utifrån regleringen av granbarkborrebekämpning i skogen utvärdera avvägningen mellan produktions- och miljöintresset, som är skogsvårdslagens jämställda mål. Den rättsliga regleringen av bekämpning av granbarkborrar skiljer sig åt beroende på om skogen är skyddad eller oskyddad. Bland annat är ägare av oskyddad skog ålagda att ta hand om skadat, färskt barrvirke, medan en sådan skyldighet ofta saknas i skyddade områden. I utvärderingen kommer jag fram till att avvägningen mellan de två intressena över lag är god i granbarkborreregleringen.  Den andra frågan i uppsatsen är fördelningen av risk för granbarkborreangrepp. För att undersöka det utreds om det enligt gällande rätt är möjligt att få skadestånd för granbarkborreangrepp som kan härstamma från närliggande skyddad eller oskyddad skog. Slutsatsen är att 32 kap. miljöbalken förmodligen inte skulle vara tillämplig, medan däremot grannelagsrätten och skadeståndslagen kan läggas till grund för en sådan talan. Att bevisa orsakssambanden kan dock innebära problem, vilket sammantaget gör att en skadeståndstalan för granbarkborreangrepp från närliggande skog möter ansenliga hinder. Sist presenteras därför några alternativa sätt att fördela risken för barkborreangrepp.

Norway spruce (Picea abies) is a vital tree species in Sweden's extensive forested landscape. However, the planting of spruce beyond its natural range has made it vulnerable to pests like the spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus), which has caused substantial damage to Swedish forests. With the effects of global warming and climate change becoming increasingly apparent, understanding the factors influencing spruce mortality is crucial for effective forest management. This study aimed to investigate the impact of soil moisture and tree size on the susceptibility of Norway spruce to spruce bark beetle attacks. Using a combination of an Artificial Intelligence (AI) program detecting dead spruce trees and soil moisture data from the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), areas in Stockholm County with dead spruce trees were identified. Spatial analysis using Geographic Information System (GIS) tools and a field survey were conducted to evaluate the hypotheses: H1: Spruce mortality will be higher in areas occurring within mesic soil moisture class (1) than within mesic-moist soil moisture class (2) and moist-wet soil moisture class (3). H2: Large diameter spruce trees will have a higher mortality rate from spruce bark beetle than smaller diameter trees. H3: Spruce mortality will be higher in areas located inside nature reserves. The results confirmed that spruce mortality was higher in areas with dryer soil, Additionally, larger diameter spruce trees exhibited higher mortality rates from spruce bark beetle attacks than smaller trees. Contrary to the initial hypothesis, the study did not find a higher spruce mortality rate in areas located outside nature reserves. The conclusion of this study is that both tree size and soil moisture affect the Norway spruce’s ability to defend itself from spruce bark beetle attacks, but it does not confirm that spruce trees inside nature reserves have a greater mortality rate due to bark beetle attacks than the surrounding areas. The study has contributed to a better understanding of how spruce bark beetles choose trees. It has also provided more knowledge and validation of the Swedish Forest Agency AI program, which is trained to find dead spruce trees. The fact that this is a working tool opens a lot of possibilities for further use. The knowledge of soil moisture’s effect on spruce survival will also help forest managers make better choices when selecting areas for planting spruce. This will also benefit both the forest owners economically and help suppress the spread of spruce bark beetle. / Gran (Picea abies) är en viktig trädart i Sveriges omfattande skogslandskap. Dock har plantering av gran utanför dess naturliga utbredningsområde gjort den sårbar för skadedjur så som Granbarkborre (Ips typographus), vilket har orsakat betydande skador på svenska skogar. Med effekterna av klimatförändringar är det alltmer viktigt att förstå vilka faktorer som påverkar granens sårbarhet mot granbarkborren för en effektiv skogsförvaltning. Denna studie syftade till att undersöka påverkan av markfuktighet och trädstorlek. Genom att använda en kombination av ett artificiellt intelligensprogram (AI) som identifierar döda granar och markfuktighetsdata från Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet (SLU), identifierades områden i Stockholms län där det fanns döda granar. En spatial analys med hjälp av geografiska informationssystem (GIS) och en fältundersökning genomfördes för att utvärdera hypoteserna: H1: Granens dödlighet kommer att vara högre i områden med torr-frisk mark (1) jämfört med områden med frisk-fuktig markfuktighet (2) och fuktig-våt markfuktighet (3). H2: Granar med större diameter kommer att ha en högre dödlighetsgrad från granbarkborrsangrepp än granar med mindre diameter. H3: Granens dödlighet kommer att vara högre i områden i naturreservat än utanför. Resultaten bekräftade att granens dödlighet var högre i torrare områden. Dessutom uppvisade granar med större diameter högre dödlighetsgrad från garnbarkborreangrepp än mindre träd. Resultatet kunde inte bekräfta hypotes H3, man fann inte en högre dödlighetsgrad hos gran i områden inom naturreservat. Slutsatsen av denna studie är att både trädstorlek och markfuktighet påverkar granens förmåga att försvara sig mot granbarkborreangrepp, men den bekräftar inte att naturreservat har en påverkan på granens dödlighet till följd av granbarkborreangrepp än omgivande områden. Studien har bidragit till en bättre förståelse för hur granbarkborren väljer granar. Den har också tillfört mer kunskap och bekräftat att Skogsstyrelsens AI-program hittar döda granar. Att AI-programmet är ett fungerande verktyg öppnar upp många möjligheter för framtida användningsområden. Kunskapen om markfuktighetens effekt på granens överlevnad kommer också att kunna hjälpa skogsförvaltare att fatta bättre beslut vid val av områden för plantering av gran. Detta kommer att gynna både skogsägarna ekonomiskt och bidra till att minska antalet granbarkborreangrepp.

Development of safe and efficient approaches for gene delivery in human embryonic stem cells (hESc) and particularly in human induced pluripotent stem (hiPS) cells, which can be derived in a person-specific manner, is considered to be imperative for harnessing their full potential in both the basic and applied research. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of human artificial chromosome (HAC) for gene delivery and expression in hESc and hiPS cells. HAC offers many potential advantages including the provision for carrying large genes with corresponding regulatory elements to obtain long-term regulated gene expression. In addition, they can replicate and segregate independently without integration into the host cell genome. To develop HAC in hiPS cells, the first part of the study was aimed at generating hiPS cells utilising the Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)-1 amplicon system. With the use of EBNA-1/OriP retention elements incorporated into the HSV-1 amplicon vectors, hiPS cells completely free of vector and transgenes sequences were successfully derived from human embryonic fibroblasts. The hiPS cells exhibited proliferation and differentiation potential similar to that of hESc. In the second part of the study, development of HAC in hESc and hiPS cells was assessed by utilising the HSV-1 amplicon system to deliver the HAC DNA. Analysis of the hESc confirmed the presence of functional HAC which replicated the behaviour of the host chromosomes. Additionally, HAC generation did not lead to impairment in the developmental potential and pluripotency of hESc. The hiPS cells supported HAC at low frequency but DNA also integrated into the host chromosomes. The HAC system, therefore, needs further refinements to improve the frequency of HAC formation and reduce the chromosomal integration of HAC constructs in hiPS cells. Overall, these findings provide a simple and safe way of pluripotency induction and genetic modification of pluripotent stem cells using the HSV-1 amplicon system and represent an important advance towards patient specific gene and cell therapy.

Submitted by Cleide Dantas (cleidedantas@ufpa.br) on 2014-07-31T14:26:52Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_IpsflowFrameworkSistema.pdf: 5908429 bytes, checksum: 790a3383734a6d24cf5e9a14636bca8b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Rosa Silva (arosa@ufpa.br) on 2014-09-05T13:54:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_IpsflowFrameworkSistema.pdf: 5908429 bytes, checksum: 790a3383734a6d24cf5e9a14636bca8b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-09-05T13:54:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_IpsflowFrameworkSistema.pdf: 5908429 bytes, checksum: 790a3383734a6d24cf5e9a14636bca8b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Os Sistemas de Detecção e Prevenção de Intrusão (Intrusion Detection Systems – IDS e Intrusion Prevention Systems - IPS) são ferramentas bastante conhecidas e bem consagradas no mundo da segurança da informação. Porém, a falta de integração com os equipamentos de rede como switches e roteadores acaba limitando a atuação destas ferramentas e exige um bom dimensionamento de recursos de hardware como processamento, memória e interfaces de rede de alta velocidade, utilizados para implementá-las. Diante de diversas limitações deparadas por pesquisadores e administradores de redes, surgiu o conceito de Rede Definida por Software (Software Defined Network – SDN), que ao separar os planos de controle e de dados, permite adaptar o funcionamento da rede de acordo com as necessidades de cada um. Desta forma, devido à padronização e flexibilidade propostas pelas SDNs, e das limitações apresentadas dos IPSs, esta dissertação de mestrado propõe o IPSFlow, um framework que utiliza uma rede baseada na arquitetura SDN e o protocolo OpenFlow para a criação de um IPS com ampla cobertura e que permite bloquear um tráfego caracterizado pelos IDS(s) como malicioso no equipamento mais próximo da origem. Para validar o framework, experimentos no ambiente virtual Mininet foram realizados utilizando-se o Snort como IDS para analisar tráfego de varredura (scan) gerado pelo Nmap de um host ao outro. Os resultados coletados apresentam que o IPSFlow funcionou conforme planejado ao efetuar o bloqueio de 85% do tráfego de varredura. / Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems (IDSs/IPSs) are well known tools and well enshrined in the world of information security. However, the lack of integration with network equipment, such as switches and routers, tends to limit the performance of these tools leads to require a proper dimensioning of hardware resources such as processor, memory and high-speed network interfaces used to implement them. Faced with several limitations encountered by researchers and network administrators, the concept of Software Defined Network (SDN), that separates the data and control planes, emerged allowing to adapt the operation of the network according to their needs. Thus, due to standardization and flexibility offered by SDNs, and the limitations presented by IDSs, this dissertation proposes IPSFlow, a framework that uses a network based on the SDN architecture, and the OpenFlow protocol, to create an IPS with wide coverage that blocks a malicious traffic in the equipment closer to the origin. To validate the framework, experiments in the virtual Mininet environment were conducted using Snort as IDS to analyze scanning traffic generated by Nmap from a host to another. The results show that the IPSFlow worked as planned by blocking almost 85% of scanning traffic.

En aquest treball es descriu el disseny, síntesi i caracterització de diferents biomaterials i la seva possible aplicació en biomedicina. S'ha fet especial èmfasi a ressaltar la importància que tenen l'estructura, la composició i l'activitat superficial en les propietats finals del biomaterial. Així, s'ha desenvolupat un biomaterial biodegradable i elastomèric, altament porós, amb una gran interconnectivitat que permet la difusió de nutrients i de cèl•lules, un cop sigui implantat. La viabilitat d'aquest material s'ha demostrat tant en assaigs in vitro com in vivo. La síntesi del mateix s'ha realitzat mitjançant calefacció assistida per microones, cosa que ha permès una reacció més ràpida sense necessitat de catalitzadors i evitant les etapes posteriors de purificació. S'ha desenvolupat també un material biodegradable i injectable a temperatures de 45°C, que, en refredar fins als 37°C, s'endureix i pot emprar com a suport estructural al mateix temps que actua com a alliberador de fàrmacs. L'aplicació d'aquest material com ciment ossi millora els problemes de biocompatibilitat, tant de composició, com mecànica, dels actuals productes en el mercat, obrint una nova via d'aplicació d'aquest tipus de materials. D'altra banda, el compost desenvolupat s'ha assajat en aplicacions bioadhesives, on ha demostrat uns excel•lents resultats en la unió de teixit intestinal. Finalment, s'ha aconseguit desenvolupar una superfície amb capacitat de reprogramar cèl•lules amb el simple contacte entre la cèl•lula i la superfície. Amb aquesta tecnologia, anomenada cell reprograming surface (CRS), s'han obtingut cèl•lules pluripotents induïdes (iPS) d'una forma molt més eficient i ràpida que els mètodes habituals de treball. / En este trabajo se describe el diseño, síntesis y caracterización de diferentes biomateriales y su posible aplicación en biomedicina. Se ha hecho especial énfasis en resaltar la importancia que tienen la estructura, la composición y la actividad superficial en las propiedades finales del biomaterial. Así, se ha desarrollado un biomaterial biodegradable y elastomérico, altamente poroso, con una gran interconectividad que permite la difusión de nutrientes y de células, una vez sea implantado. La viabilidad de este material se ha demostrado tanto en ensayos in vitro como in vivo. La síntesis del mismo se ha realizado mediante calefacción asistida por microondas, lo que ha permitido una reacción más rápida sin necesidad de catalizadores y evitando las etapas posteriores de purificación. Se ha desarrollado también un material biodegradable e inyectable a temperaturas de 45°C, que, al enfriarse hasta los 37°C, se endurece y puede emplearse como soporte estructural a la vez que actúa como liberador de fármacos. La aplicación de dicho material como cemento óseo mejora los problemas de biocompatibilidad, tanto de composición como mecánica, de los actuales productos en el mercado, abriendo una nueva vía de aplicación de este tipo de materiales. Por otro lado, el compuesto desarrollado se ha ensayado en aplicaciones bioadhesivas, donde ha demostrado unos excelentes resultados en la unión de tejido intestinal. Por último, se ha conseguido desarrollar una superficie con capacidad de reprogramar células con el simple contacto entre la célula y la superficie. Con esta tecnología, denominada cell reprograming surface (CRS), se han obtenido células pluripotentes inducidas (iPS) de una forma mucho más eficiente y rápida que los métodos habituales de trabajo. / This paper describes the design, synthesis and characterization of different biomaterials and their possible applications in biomedicine, highlighting the importance of the structure, composition and surface activity in the final properties of the biomaterial. Thus, a biodegradable and elastomeric biomaterial, highly porous, with a strong interconnectivity that allows diffusion of nutrients and cells, once it is implanted has been developed. The feasibility of this material has been demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo assays. The synthesis has been performed using microwave-assisted heating, which has allowed a faster reaction without catalysts and avoiding the later stages of purification. It has also been developed a biodegradable and injectable material, at temperatures of 45°C, which, when cooled to 37°C, it hardens and can be used as structural support while acting as drug delivery. The application of such material as bone cement avoid biocompatibility problems, both in composition and mechanicas, of the current products on the market, opening a new way of application of such material. On the other hand, the compound has been tested in bioadhesive applications, where it has shown excellent results in the union of intestinal tissue. Finally, a surface with ability to reprogram cells with simple contact between the cell and the surface has been developed. With this technology, called cell reprograming surface (CRS), induced pluripotent cells (iPS) have been obtained in a much more efficient and faster way than the usual methods.

La technologie de reprogrammation de cellules somatiques en cellules souches pluripotentes induites (iPS) offre aujourd'hui l'opportunité de modéliser des maladies neurodégénératives et d'étudier des neurones de patients. Nous avons utilisé cette technologie pour générer deux modèles de maladies neurodégénératives : la mucopolysaccharidose de type IIIB (MPSIIIB) et la forme ALS2 de la sclérose latérale amyotrophique (SLA). Dans le modèle MPSIIIB, nous avons montré que les iPS et les neurones de patients présentaient des défauts caractéristiques de la pathologie telle que l'accumulation de vésicules de surcharge. Des altérations de l'appareil de Golgi dans ces cellules ont également été mises en évidence. Une analyse du transcriptome de précurseurs neuraux MPSIIIB a montré des modifications transcriptionnelles touchant notamment des gènes impliqués dans les interactions de la cellule avec la matrice extracellulaire. Ainsi, dans une seconde étude, des altérations de la migration et de l'orientation de cellules de souris mutantes MPSIIIB ou de patients ont été démontrées. Ces altérations pourraient être responsables des perturbations de la neurogénèse et de la neuritogénèse chez les enfants malades. Dans le modèle SLA/ALS2, nous avons montré que les neurones de patients présentaient des défauts incluant une diminution de la surface des endosomes et des anomalies de la croissance neuritique. Alors qu'il n'existait jusqu'alors aucun modèle cellulaire pertinent reproduisant cette maladie, ce modèle permettra à présent d'étudier les processus physiopathologiques impliqués dans la maladie. En conclusion, la génération de cellules iPS permet de modéliser des maladies neurodégénératives et d'étudier les processus physiopathologiques qui sont associés sur des neurones humains en culture. Ces modèles cellulaires pourraient permettre dans un avenir proche de réaliser des criblages de molécules à visée thérapeutique

Submitted by Patrícia Cerveira (pcerveira1@gmail.com) on 2017-06-07T20:29:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Henrique_Fernandes Dissertação.pdf: 2826928 bytes, checksum: f7388a5396e90a8444a4aac05feada53 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Biblioteca da Escola de Engenharia (bee@ndc.uff.br) on 2017-07-03T14:05:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Henrique_Fernandes Dissertação.pdf: 2826928 bytes, checksum: f7388a5396e90a8444a4aac05feada53 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-03T14:05:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Henrique_Fernandes Dissertação.pdf: 2826928 bytes, checksum: f7388a5396e90a8444a4aac05feada53 (MD5) / Os Sistemas de Detecção e Prevenção de Intrusão são fundamentais para a segurança da rede de computadores, inspecionar o tráfego da rede em tempo real em busca de intrusos para garantir uma rede confiável é um dos seus papéis. Porém a falta de integração com os ativos da rede é um dos principais fatores que limitam sua atuação. O conceito de Redes Definidas por Software visa diminuir a falta de integração entre os ativos de rede devido a separação do plano de dados do plano de controle. Diante da limitação da integração entre os ativos de redes e os Sistemas de Detecção e Prevenção de Intrusão, o presente estudo propõe, desenvolve e demonstra o IDSFlow, um modelo de integração de sistemas de detecção de intrusão em redes definidas por software. Para validar o IDSFlow, foram realizados testes utilizando o Openflow, o Mininet, CPqD e o Snort. Os resultados obtidos pelos algorítimos desenvolvidos e apresentados mostram a capacidade de integração proposta, é possível verificar a viabilidade de utilizar as regras já existentes e funcionais para o Snort assim como utilizar o histórico de utilização da rede para aumentar a efetividade da detecção e dos bloqueios de intrusos. / Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems are fundamental to the network security, to inspect the traffic in real time seeking intruders to ensure a reliable network is one of it’s roles. However the lack of integration between the network equipments, is one of the biggest factors to limit its operations. The concept of Software Defined Networks aims to reduce the lack of integration among network assets due to the separation of the data plan from the control plan. Given the limitation of integration between networks assets and Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems, the present study proposes, develops and demonstrates IDSFlow, an integration model of intrusion detection systems in softwaredefined networks. To validate IDSFlow, tests were run using Openflow, Mininet, CPqD and Snort. The results obtained by the algorithms developed and presented show the proposed integration capacity, it is possible to verify the feasibility of using the existing and functional rules for Snort as well as to use the network usage history to increase the effectiveness of intrusion detection and block.