Among the many promises of the revolution in the information and communication technologies (ICT), particularly the Internet, continues to be its potential to significantly transform governments around the world. This transformation is referred to as e-government or web-based government, often used interchangeably in most of the IS literature. Despite these however, the level of adoption and use of such innovation is still low and does not meet expectations in developing countries in general and Jordan in particular. Yet, existing research on the adoption and implementation of e-government in developing countries is still lacking explanatory power for the following reasons: 1) focusing either on the supply-side, or on the demand-side separately to study the adoption and implementation of e-government, and therefore there is no enough research on the integration between them as a single phenomenon, and 2) focusing on the results of previous research, and therefore not to develop theories fit the new context to be investigated to understand the relationship between the IT implementation and social structures in the same context. This research aims to fill these gaps through the use of a holistic approach to enable in-depth understanding and gain valuable insights on the adoption and implementation of e-government from multiple perspectives, and in the real context of a developing country, namely Jordan. This would reduce the gap between government strategies and policies related to implementation of e-government services and applications on the one hand, and perceptions of citizens on the other hand, allowing a better understanding of the needs of citizens and the priorities that must be taken into account by governments in order to ensure the success of such projects on a large scale. Through two phases, this research proposes and empirically tests an integrated model of the determinants of adoption and implementation of e-government services and applications in Jordan. The first phase employs a grounded theory methodology for the development of the research model, as well as the survey instruments necessary to test the model. The second phase employs a survey questionnaire to test the research model using multivariate and SEM with the results demonstrating support for the proposed model. The empirical results indicate that perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and the security of e-government systems are no longer among the main determinants that affect the decision to adopt and implement e-government services and applications in this particular context. This confirms that the prevailing models and theories on the adoption of IT do not apply equally to the context of developing countries such as Jordan, and thus do not explain and predict behaviour toward the adoption and implementation of e-government services and applications in the same context. There is a direct and positive relationship between citizen involvement in the change process towards e-government and the decision to adopt and implement e-government services and applications. There is also a strong positive relationship between the decision to adopt and implement e-government services and applications and the decision to use such services and applications within the same context. Unexpectedly, the prevailing sociocultural determinants indicate a direct and positive relationship with the decision to adopt and implement e-government services and applications in the same context. Also, the results indicate direct and negative relationships between citizen trust and website design issues with the decision to adopt and implement e-government services and applications. Finally, the research concludes by highlighting the theoretical and practical implications, limitations and future directions.

Den digitala utvecklingen accelereras alltmer och det blir allt viktigare för organisationer att digitalisera sina verksamheter genom olika IT-system. IT-implementeringar har dock sedan länge visat sig vara en komplex process och många organisationer tar hjälp av IT-konsulter för att lyckas med implementering av IT. IT-implementeringar påverkas dessutom till stor del av IT-kulturen i organisationen. Därför är det relevant att undersöka sambandet mellan IT-kultur och IT-implementering, för att således möjliggöra utformandet av strategier som underlättar en IT-implementering. SYFTE: Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur IT-kultur samspelar med implementering av IT och vilka strategier som kan användas för att underlätta implementeringen. Detta görs genom att studera konsulters arbete med att identifiera medarbetarnas inställningar till IT. GENOMFÖRANDE: Studien är en kvalitativ tvärsnittsstudie. Det empiriska materialet utgörs av sju intervjuer med IT-konsulter från fem olika företag. Studien genomförs med ett interpretativt grundantagande.  SLUTSATS: Studien visar att IT-kultur samspelar med implementering av IT, där en positiv IT-kultur främjar en lyckad implementering. Konsulter bör därmed använda strategier för att sprida positiv IT-kultur i organisationen, samt för att omvandla negativa och neutrala IT-kulturer till mer positiva. Olika strategier är lämpliga för olika sorters IT-kulturer och det är därmed av vikt att konsulten lär känna organisationen och kartlägger de olika IT-kulturer som existerar inom organisationen, för att således kunna bemöta dem på bästa sätt. / The digital transformation is accelerating, and it is of utmost importance that organizations and consultants hired by them are successful in implementing IT tools. Simultaneously, an IT implementation is complex and largely affected by the IT culture in the organization. Therefore, it is of importance to study the connection between IT culture and IT implementation, and to form strategies that can be used to facilitate an IT implementation regarding the IT culture. AIM: The aim of the study is to analyze how IT culture is connected to IT implementation and strategies that can be used to facilitate IT implementation. This is accomplished by a study of consultants and how they identify co-workers’ attitudes to IT.  COMPLETION: This study is a cross-sectional qualitative study. The empirical data consists of seven interviews with IT consultants from five different companies. The study is conducted with an interpretive philosophical perspective.  CONCLUSION: This study shows that IT cultures play an important role in the process of implementation of IT, where a positive IT subculture benefits a successful implementation. Therefore, through active work during the implementation process, IT consultants can deal with negative attitudes and strengthen positive approaches.  IT consultants should use strategies to create a positive IT culture within the organization, but also to transform negative and neutral IT cultures into more positive IT cultures. Different strategies are suitable for different kinds of IT cultures and it is therefore essential that IT consultants get to know the organization and clarify the variety of IT subcultures that exist within the organization, to be able to address them in the most suitable way.