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A peregrinação a Meca em tempos de Cruzadas: o testemunho de Ibn Jubayr (século XII) / The pilgrimage to Mecca in times of Crusades: the testimony of Ibn Jubayr (12th century)Milhomem, Thiago Damasceno Pinto 27 February 2018 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2018-02-27 / Pilgrimage to the holy city of Mecca (ḥajj) has been one of the pillars of Islam since the
seventh century, the time of the advent of the religion in the Arabian Peninsula, as an
ordering in the Holy Qur'an and in the sayings and deeds of Prophet Muḥammad. Being this
pilgrimage mandatory for all faithful adults in good enough physical and material conditions,
different personalities of the Islamic world have realized the sacred journey in different times.
Many have left their written testimonies, as a legacy of their observations and impressions on
societies and historical events of Islamic and non-Islamic domains, thus influencing the
emergence of a specific literary genre of Arab-Islamic culture, the travel journal (rihla). One of
the pioneers of this genre was Ibn Jubayr (1145-1217), a Muslim from the city of Valencia,
writer of a journal of his travels to the region that today corresponds to the Middle East,
between 1183 and 1185, a period between the Second and the Third Crusade. We use Ibn
Jubayr's travel journal edited as “Through the East (Rihla)”, a version published by Alianza
Literaria in 2007, and which consists of a translation from Arabic into Spanish by Felipe Maíllo
Salgado. From this testimony, centered on the religious journey of the writer-traveler to
Mecca, we analyze the possibilities and social conditions of ḥajj at the end of the twelfth
century, in the context of the Crusades, a long-lasting historical phenomenon permeated by
important religious, political, economic, military and cultural aspects / A peregrinação à cidade santa de Meca (ḥajj) é um dos pilares do Islã desde o século VII,
época do advento da religião na Península Arábica, configurando como uma ordenação no
Alcorão Sagrado e nos ditos e feitos do Profeta Muḥammad. Sendo essa peregrinação
obrigatória para todo fiel adulto e são e em condições físicas e materiais para tal, diferentes
personalidades do mundo islâmico realizaram a jornada sagrada em diversas épocas. Muitos
deixaram seus testemunhos por escrito, legando à posteridade suas observações e
impressões sobre sociedades e eventos históricos de domínios islâmicos e não islâmicos,
influenciando assim no surgimento de um gênero literário específico da cultura árabe-islâmica,
o relato de viagem (rihla). Um dos pioneiros do gênero foi Ibn Jubayr (1145-1217),
muçulmano natural da cidade de Valência, escritor de um relato referente às suas viagens à
região que hoje corresponde ao Oriente Médio, entre 1183 e 1185, período situado entre a
Segunda e a Terceira Cruzada. Utilizamos o relato de viagens de Ibn Jubayr editado como A
través del Oriente (Rihla), versão publicada pela editora Alianza Literaria em 2007 e que
consiste em uma tradução do árabe para o espanhol feita por Felipe Maíllo Salgado. A partir
desse testemunho, centrado no périplo religioso do viajante-escritor a Meca, analisaremos as
possibilidades e condições sociais de realização do ḥajj em fins do século XII, contexto de
Cruzadas, fenômeno histórico de longa duração permeado por importantes aspectos
religiosos, políticos, econômicos, militares e culturais.
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Eastward Voyages and the Late Medieval European WorldviewIgnatov, Ivan Ivanovich January 2013 (has links)
This thesis explores the nature of the late medieval European worldview in the context of the thirteenth- and fourteenth-century European journeys to Asia. It aims to determine the precise influence of these journeys on the wider European Weltbild. In lending equal weight to the accounts of the eastward travellers and the sources authored by their counterparts in Europe, who did not travel to Asia, the present study draws together two related strands in medieval historiography: the study of medieval European cosmology and worldview, and the study of medieval travel and travel literature. This thesis treats the journeys as medieval Europe’s
interaction with Asia, outlining how travellers formed their perceptions of ‘the East’ through their encounters with Asian people and places. It also explores the transmission of information and ideas from travellers to their European contemporaries, suggesting that the peculiar textual culture of the Middle Ages complicated this process greatly and so minimised the transfer of ‘intact’ perceptions as the travellers originally formed them. The study contends instead that the eastward journeys shaped the late medieval European world picture in a different way, without overturning the concepts that underpinned it. Rather, this
thesis argues, thirteenth- and fourteenth-century eastward voyages subtly altered how Europeans were inclined to understand these underpinning concepts. It suggests that the journeys intensified and made the concepts more immediate in Europeans’ minds and that they ‘normalised’ travel itself to the point where it became an essential part of the way Europeans could most readily make sense of the vast and kaleidoscopic world around them.
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