Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:31:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 3148.pdf: 13443734 bytes, checksum: 57ea96ccf6dc345429e1a7f0a1672f2c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-06-07 / Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos / The Banchinae is a cosmopolitan group of Ichneumonidae comprising three tribes: Atrophini, Banchini and Glyptini; it includes about 50 genera and 1500 described species. The Banchinae generally have long, apically notched ovipositor, a propodeum without or with only a few carinae, and frequently, a tergite I with spiracles located around or before the centre, and the anterior part of the submetapleural carina expanded into a broad lobe. This work is a taxonomic revision of the subfamily Banchinae with emphasis in the tribe Glyptini from Brazil. This tribe is characterized by the possession of oblique grooves on tergites II-IV. This study is based on the main entomological collections of South and Southeastern Brazil; in total more than 3.000 specimens of the subfamily have been examined, not including all of genera already registered to Brazil. Material from 17 of the 27 States of Brazil has been reviewed, although most of the specimens (70.3%) were collected in São Paulo State. The subfamily Banchinae has been registered so far in four kind of Brazilian biomes: Atlantic Forest, Brazilian Savanna, Amazonia and agroecosystems, between 2 and 2.039 m of altitude. The study has revealed the presence in Brazil of 17 genera of Banchinae, one of them is a new genus; 18 new species of the tribe Glyptini are described. Illustrated keys are given to enable the identification of the tribes and the genera of the subfamily Banchinae and the species of the tribe Glyptini from Brazil. / Banchinae é uma subfamília cosmopolita de Ichneumonidae composta por três tribos: Atrophini, Banchini e Glyptini, inclui cerca de 50 gêneros e cerca de 1500 espécies descritas. Os Banchinae geralmente possuem ovipositor longo entalhado no ápice, propodeo sem ou com poucas carenas e freqüentemente, tergito I com espiráculos localizados próximos ao centro ou antes do mesmo, e parte anterior da carena submetapleural dilatada num lobo largo. Este trabalho é uma revisão taxonômica da subfamília Banchinae com ênfase nas espécies brasileiras da tribo Glyptini. Esta tribo é caracterizada pela presença de ranhuras oblíquas sobre os tergitos II-IV. Este estudo baseia-se nas principais coleções entomológicas do Sul e Sudeste do Brasil. No total mais de 3.000 exemplares da subfamília foram examinados, não incluindo todos os gêneros já registrados para o Brasil. Material de 17 dos 27 estados do Brasil foi revisado, embora a maioria dos espécimes (70,3%) tenha sido coletada no Estado de São Paulo. A subfamília Banchinae foi registrada até o momento em quatro tipos de biomas brasileiros: Mata Atlântica, Cerrado, Amazônia e agroecossistemas, entre os dois e 2.039 m de altitude. O estudo revelou a presença no Brasil de 17 gêneros de Banchinae, um deles um novo para a ciência; 18 novas espécies da tribo Glyptini são descritas. Chaves ilustradas são apresentadas para permitir a identificação das tribos e gêneros da subfamília Banchinae e as espécies da tribo Glyptini do Brasil.

No description available.

The susceptibility of a population of diamondback moth, Plutella xvlostella L (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), collected from Montgomery County, Virginia, and its ability to develop resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis was evaluated. The field population of diamondback moths was found to be susceptible to B. thuringiensis. Selection pressure at 153 I.U. of B. thuringiensis endotoxin per ml for nine generations did not cause any significant difference in mean mortality of third instar diamondback moths although there was a trend towards lower mortality, there was significant negative linear correlation between generation and mean mortality of diamondback moth larvae (P = 0.003, r²= 0.73). LC₅₀ increased from 264 I.U. of B. thuringiensis endotoxin per ml in generation I to 514 LU/ml in generation IX. The interrelationship of B. thuringiensis to diamondback moth and its primary parasitoid, Diadegma insulare Cress (Hymenoptera. Ichneumonidae), was studied by determining: the differential response of third instar diamondback moth, parasitized and unparasitized, to B. thuringiensis, and the ability of D. insulare to discriminate between B. thuringiensis-treated and untreated hosts. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) between mean mortality of parasitized and unparasitized larvae at each of the three concentrations consisting of 154, 334, and 2237 I.U. of B. thuringiensis endotoxin per ml. The regressions of the response of parasitized and unparasitized larvae, however, were highly significant (P = 0.0001). The LC₅₀s of parasitized versus unparasitized larvae were 373 and 176 I.U./ml B. thuringiensis endotoxin, respectively. Female D. insulare did not discriminate between B. thuringiensis-treated and untreated hosts. The percentage of D. insulare females emerging from B. thuringiensis-treated larvae (41.4%) was not significantly different from that of untreated larvae (32.0 %). Mean mortality of third instar diamondback moth subjected to B. thuringiensis endotoxin at 153, 334, and 2237 I.U./ml were not significantly different at temperatures of 15 and 20 °C, but were significantly lower than that at 30 °C. The effects of B. thuringiensis endotoxin residues on leaves under room conditions [27 ± 1 °C, RH 27 ± 72%, and 8:16 (L:D)] were not significantly different at 2 and 192 hours after treatment. / Master of Science

Resumo: Este estudo objetivou estabelecer as associações entre lepidópteros desfolhadores e moscas frugívoras com seus parasitóides em uma cultura de café, em Cravinhos, SP. Os lepidópteros desfolhadores foram obtidos com guarda-chuva entomológico, rede de varredura e por catação manual. Para a obtenção de pupários de tefritóideos foram realizadas seis coletas de aproximadamente quatro kg de frutos/coleta e, para a obtenção de pupários de drosofilídeos, coletas de frutos em estágio de cereja diretamente das plantas, sendo parte deles exposta em bandejas sob suas copas. Foram obtidos 96 lepidópteros pertencentes a três famílias e sete espécies: Lophocampa sp. (Arctiidae), Glena sp., Herbita sp. Physocleora sp. e Prochoerodes sp. (Geometridae) e Lascoria sp. e Leucania sp.(Noctuidae); também emergiram duas espécies de parasitóides: Protapanteles sp. (Braconidae) e Casinaria sp. (Ichneumonidae). Dos frutos destinados à obtenção de tefritóideos foram obtidos 2.920 pupários, de onde emergiram adultos de Ceratitis capitata (14%) e Anastrepha fraterculus (86%) e os parasitóides Asobara anastrephae, Doryctobracon areolatus, Microcrasis lonchaeae e Utetes anastrephae e 126 pupários de lonqueídeos, de onde emergiram 85 adultos de Neosilba pendula e os parasitóides U. anastrephae e M. lonchaeae. Dos frutos coletados diretamente das plantas foram obtidos 35 pupários, de onde emergiram 24 drosofilídeos pertencentes a três espécies: Zaprionus indianus, Drosophila nebulosa e D. simulans e, dos frutos mantidos sob a copa das plantas, 24 pupários, de onde emergiram exemplares de Z. indianus, D. cardini, D. immigrans e D. willistoni; também foi observada a emergência do parasitóide Ganaspis sp. / Abstract: The objective of this study was to establish the associations between Lepidoptera defoliators and frugivorous flies with their parasitoids in coffee crop in Cravinhos, SP, Brazil. The Lepidoptera defoliators were obtained from the beating tray, sweeping net and manual collecting. To obtain tephritoids pupae were harvested approximately 4kg of fruits/sample, and to obtain drosophilids pupae, fruits in cherry stage were collected directly from the tree, and part of them was exposed under the canopy. If was obtained 96 Lepidoptera specimens of three families and seven species: Lophocampa sp. (Arctiidae), Glena sp., Herbita sp. Physocleora sp. and Prochoerodes sp. (Geometridae) and Lascoria sp. and Leucania sp. (Noctuidae); also two parasitoids species has emerged: Protapanteles sp. (Braconidae) and Casinaria sp. (Ichneumonidae). Of the fruits destined to obtain tephritoids 2.920 pupae were obtained, from which emerged adults of Ceratitis capitata (14%) and Anastrepha fraterculus (86%) and their parasitoids Asobara anastrephae, Doryctobracon areolatus, Microcrasis lonchaeae and Utetes anastrephae and 126 pupae of lonchaeids from which emerged 85 adults of Neosilba pendula and their parasitoids M. lonchaeae and U. anastrephae. From the fruits harvested were obtained 35 pupae from which emerged 24 drosophilid of three species: Zaprionus indianus, Drosophila nebulosa and D. simulans. The fruits kept from under the canopy, 24 pupae, where of which emerged specimens of Z. indianus, D. cardini, D. immigrans and D. willistoni; also was observed the occurrence of parasitoid Ganaspis sp. / Orientador: Nelson Wanderley Perioto / Coorientadora: Nilza Maria Martinelli / Banca: Sergio Antonio De Bortoli / Banca: Miguel Francisco de Souza Filho / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:30:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 6330.pdf: 2877789 bytes, checksum: ce811f76ae400bc272aa8f7850a18367 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-11-11 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / Studies on flora and wildlife are important to help to understand the ecological processes that occur in response to use of management strategies. Hymenoptera are a key group for setting priorities for conservation, since they represent a high proportion of diversity of insects , being easily sampled. The aim of this study was to characterize the fauna of Hymenoptera parasitoids associated with Lepidoptera larvae in agrosilvopastoral and silviagricultural systems and in reforestation area (ecological corridor) of the Fazenda Canchim (Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste), São Carlos, SP, Brazil. Lepidoptera larvae collected with beating tray were kept in the laboratory until the emergence of adults or of their parasitoids. From hosts collected in the reforestation emerged 69 parasitoids, thus identified: Chalcididae, Chalcidinae (Conura); Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae (Neotheronia) and Campopleginae (Charops and Microcharops); and Braconidae, Microgastrinae (Apanteles, Diolcogaster, Distatrix, Glyptapanteles and Protapanteles). From those collected in the agrosilvopastoral and silviagriculture systems 267 hymenopteran parasitoids emerged thus identified: Braconidae, Agathidinae (Alabagrus), Braconinae (Bracon), Microgastrinae (Cotesia, Diolcogaster, Glyptapanteles, Pholetesor and Protapanteles), and Orgilinae (Orgilus); Ichneumonidae, Campopleginae (Casinaria, Charops and Microcharops); Chalcididae, Chalcidinae (Brachymeria and Conura); and Eulophidae, Entedoninae (Horismenus) and Eulophinae (Elachertus and Euplectrus). The environments studied are home to wide variety of genera of Hymenoptera parasitoids through greater availability of food resources for them and for their hosts (immatures and adults). Reforestation practices and use of mixed systems environment should be encouraged. / Estudos da flora e fauna silvestres são importantes por contribuirem para a compreensão dos processos ecológicos que ocorrem em resposta às estratégias de manejo utilizadas. Os Hymenoptera são um grupo-chave para o estabelecimento de prioridades em conservação do ambiente, pois representam alta proporção da diversidade de insetos, sendo facilmente amostrados. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar a fauna de Hymenoptera parasitoides associada às larvas de Lepidoptera em área de reflorestamento (corredor ecológico) e nos sistemas agrossilvipastoril e silviagrícola da Fazenda Canchim (Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste), São Carlos, SP, Brasil. Larvas de Lepidoptera coletadas com guarda-chuva entomológico foram mantidas em laboratório até a emergência dos seus adultos ou de seus parasitoides. Das larvas coletadas na área de reflorestamento emergiram 69 Hymenoptera parasitoides, identificados como: Chalcididae, Chalcidinae (Conura); Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae (Neotheronia) e Campopleginae (Charops e Microcharops); e Braconidae, Microgastrinae (Apanteles, Diolcogaster, Distatrix, Glyptapanteles e Protapanteles). Das larvas coletadas nos sistemas agrossilvipastoril e silviagrícola emergiram 267 Hymenoptera parasitoides, sendo identificados como: Braconidae, Agathidinae (Alabagrus), Braconinae (Bracon), Microgastrinae (Cotesia, Diolcogaster, Glyptapanteles, Pholetesor e Protapanteles), e Orgilinae (Orgilus); Ichneumonidae, Campopleginae (Casinaria, Charops e Microcharops); Chalcididae, Chalcidinae (Brachymeria e Conura); e Eulophidae, Entedoninae (Horismenus) e Eulophinae (Elachertus e Euplectrus). Os ambientes estudados abrigam grande diversidade de gêneros de Hymenoptera parasitoides, provavelmente, devido à maior disponibilidade de recursos alimentares para os mesmos e para os seus hospedeiros (formas imaturas e adultos). Práticas de reflorestamento e a implantação de sistemas mistos de utilização do ambiente devem ser estimulados.