No description available.

The Upper Devonian-Lower Carboniferous Bakken Formation is present in the subsurface of the Williston Basin in northeastern Montana, North Dakota, southwestern Manitoba and southern Saskatchewan. In the southeastern corner of Saskatchewan, the Bakken Formation either conformably overlies the Upper Devonian Big Valley Formation or unconformably overlies the Torquay Formation, and is conformably overlain by the Lower Carboniferous Souris Valley (Lodgepole) Formation. The Bakken Formation typically includes three members: the lower and upper organic-rich black shale, and the middle calcareous/dolomitic sandstone and siltstone, which makes a “perfect” petroleum system including source rock, reservoir, and seal all within the same formation. According to detailed core analysis in the southeastern corner of Saskatchewan, the Bakken Formation is divided into eight facies, and one of which (Facies 2) is subdivided into two subfacies: Facies 1 (planar cross-stratified fine-grained sandstone); Facies 2A (wavy- to flaser-bedded very fine-grained sandstone); Facies 2B (thinly parallel-laminated very fine-grained sandstone and siltstone); Facies 3 (parallel-laminated very fine-grained sandstone and muddy siltstone); Facies 4 (sandy siltstone); Facies 5 (highly bioturbated interbedded very fine-grained sandstone and siltstone); Facies 6 (interbedded highly bioturbated sandy siltstone and micro-hummocky cross-stratified very fine-grained sandstone); Facies 7 (highly bioturbated siltstone); and Facies 8 (black shale). Our integrated sedimentologic and ichnologic study suggests that deposition of the Bakken occurred in two different paleoenvironmental settings: open marine (Facies 4 to 8) and brackish-water marginal marine (Facies 1 to 3). The open-marine facies association is characterized by the distal Cruziana Ichnofacies, whereas the brackish-water marginal-marine facies association is characterized by the depauperate Cruziana Ichnofacies. Isochore maps shows that both open-marine and marginal-marine deposits are widely distributed in this study area, also suggesting the existence of a N-S trending paleo-shoreline. The Bakken strata in this study area represent either one transgressive systems tract deposits or two transgressive systems tracts separated by a coplanar surface or amalgamated sequence boundary and transgressive surface. This surface has been identified in previous studies west-southwest of our study area, therefore assisting in high-resolution correlation of Bakken strata.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Geology and Geophysics, 2001. / Bibliography: leaves [206]-244.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Alberta, 2009. / Title from PDF file main screen (viewed on Mar. 18, 2010). A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta. Includes bibliographical references.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-12-01Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:43:38Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 tognoli_fmw_dr_rcla.pdf: 2467393 bytes, checksum: 266c2198d33d01d70f88787843e67770 (MD5) / Agência Nacional do Petróleo, Gás Natural e Biocombustíveis (ANP) / O Grupo Guatá foi alvo de um estudo detalhado ao longo de toda a borda leste da Bacia do Paraná. Por meio da análise e descrição seqüencial de testemunhos e integração com dados de perfis, aproximadamente 100 poços foram analisados desde o norte do Estado do Paraná até a região centro-sul de Santa Catarina. As fácies foram agrupadas em sucessões de fácies, a partir das quais foram definidos os padrões de empilhamento do tipo progradante, retrogradante e agradante, que em conjunto definem os tratos de sistemas e conseqüentemente as seqüências deposicionais. Além disso, foi realizado um estudo de integração entre sedimentologia, icnologia e geoquímica, que definiu critérios para a identificação e interpretação de superfícies com significado estratigráfico regional. Isso possibilitou correlacionar com segurança poços ao longo de toda a borda leste da Bacia do Paraná e mapear a distribuição das seqüências deposicionais de 3ª.e 4ª ordens. O arcabouço estratigráfico revelou que as seqüências são formadas pelos tratos de sistemas transgressivo e de mar alto ou apenas pelo trato de sistemas transgressivo. Notou-se também que as seqüências estão diretamente vinculadas aos principais lineamentos estruturais da bacia. Interpreta-se que as seqüências 1, 2, 3, 4 e 5 foram soerguidas ao longo de toda a borda leste da Bacia do Paraná, com sua expressão máxima na região do Arco de Ponta Grossa. Esse soerguimento gerou uma discordância angular com expressão regional sobre a qual foram depositadas as seqüências 6, 7 e 8. A seqüência 8 é marcada por subsidência entre os Alinhamentos do Rio Piquiri e São Jerônimo-Curiúva, contemporânea à deposição dos tratos de sistemas transgressivo e de trato de mar alto. / The Guatá Group was target of a detailed study along the eastern border of the Paraná Basin. Using integration of core description and well logs, approximately 100 wells were analyzed in Paraná and Santa Catarina states. Facies were grouped in facies successions, which allowed the recognition of the progradational, retrogradational and aggradational stacking patterns and, consequently, system tracts and depositional sequences. Moreover, it was performed an integration among sedimentology, ichnology and geochemistry as a way to obtain criteria for identifying and interpreting regional stratigraphic surfaces. This allowed a detailed correlation along the eastern border of Paraná Basin and the mapping of third and fourth order sequences. The stratigraphic framework has revealed sequences formed either by the transgressive and highstand system tracts or just by the transgressive one. The sequences are directly linked to the main structural linements of the basin. It is interpreted that sequences 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 were uplifted along the eastern border of the basin, with the maximum expression in the region of the Ponta Grossa Arch. An angular unconformity was generated and sequences 6, 7 and 8 were deposited later in time. Sequence 8 was affected by subsidence between the Rio Piquiri and São Jerônimo-Curiúva linements, contemporaneous to deposition of the transgressive and highstand system tracts.

Orientador: Joel Carneiro de Castro / Banca: Ricardo da Cunha Lopes / Banca: Jorge Hachiro / Banca: Antonio Roberto Saad / Banca: José alexandre de Jesus Perinotto / Resumo: O Grupo Guatá foi alvo de um estudo detalhado ao longo de toda a borda leste da Bacia do Paraná. Por meio da análise e descrição seqüencial de testemunhos e integração com dados de perfis, aproximadamente 100 poços foram analisados desde o norte do Estado do Paraná até a região centro-sul de Santa Catarina. As fácies foram agrupadas em sucessões de fácies, a partir das quais foram definidos os padrões de empilhamento do tipo progradante, retrogradante e agradante, que em conjunto definem os tratos de sistemas e conseqüentemente as seqüências deposicionais. Além disso, foi realizado um estudo de integração entre sedimentologia, icnologia e geoquímica, que definiu critérios para a identificação e interpretação de superfícies com significado estratigráfico regional. Isso possibilitou correlacionar com segurança poços ao longo de toda a borda leste da Bacia do Paraná e mapear a distribuição das seqüências deposicionais de 3ª.e 4ª ordens. O arcabouço estratigráfico revelou que as seqüências são formadas pelos tratos de sistemas transgressivo e de mar alto ou apenas pelo trato de sistemas transgressivo. Notou-se também que as seqüências estão diretamente vinculadas aos principais lineamentos estruturais da bacia. Interpreta-se que as seqüências 1, 2, 3, 4 e 5 foram soerguidas ao longo de toda a borda leste da Bacia do Paraná, com sua expressão máxima na região do Arco de Ponta Grossa. Esse soerguimento gerou uma discordância angular com expressão regional sobre a qual foram depositadas as seqüências 6, 7 e 8. A seqüência 8 é marcada por subsidência entre os Alinhamentos do Rio Piquiri e São Jerônimo-Curiúva, contemporânea à deposição dos tratos de sistemas transgressivo e de trato de mar alto. / Abstract: The Guatá Group was target of a detailed study along the eastern border of the Paraná Basin. Using integration of core description and well logs, approximately 100 wells were analyzed in Paraná and Santa Catarina states. Facies were grouped in facies successions, which allowed the recognition of the progradational, retrogradational and aggradational stacking patterns and, consequently, system tracts and depositional sequences. Moreover, it was performed an integration among sedimentology, ichnology and geochemistry as a way to obtain criteria for identifying and interpreting regional stratigraphic surfaces. This allowed a detailed correlation along the eastern border of Paraná Basin and the mapping of third and fourth order sequences. The stratigraphic framework has revealed sequences formed either by the transgressive and highstand system tracts or just by the transgressive one. The sequences are directly linked to the main structural linements of the basin. It is interpreted that sequences 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 were uplifted along the eastern border of the basin, with the maximum expression in the region of the Ponta Grossa Arch. An angular unconformity was generated and sequences 6, 7 and 8 were deposited later in time. Sequence 8 was affected by subsidence between the Rio Piquiri and São Jerônimo-Curiúva linements, contemporaneous to deposition of the transgressive and highstand system tracts. / Doutor

No description available.

A detailed study was made of the composition and distribution of modern and fossil animal and plant traces around saline, alkaline lakes in tectonically active, closed lake-basins. Modern and Pleistocene traces that were examined in lake basins of the Kenya Rift Valley (Lakes Bogoria, Magadi, and Nasikie Engida) were compared directly with fossil traces from the Eocene Lake Gosiute in the Green River Formation of Wyoming, U.S.A., which had a similar hydrochemistry. Analysis of lithofacies and the stratigraphic packaging of the sediments hosting biogenic structures was undertaken so that their vertical and lateral distribution could be used to interpret lake histories and to help to develop depositional models of enigmatic sedimentary successions. A focus was given to the application of the results for paleoecology and stratigraphy, and a model for predicting the position of different trace associations in vertical successions and in different parts of saline, alkaline lake basins has been developed. Evidence from the Kenyan lakes and Eocene Lake Gosiute shows that (1) sedimentary environments are diverse in underfilled basins, and frequent lake-level fluctuations strongly impact the distribution of sedimentary environments suitable for the production and preservation of biogenic structures; (2) the distribution of biogenic structures in underfilled basins is related to the geomorphological and structural setting, tectonic activity, catchment lithology, the basin margin or basin centre location, climate, and salinity and alkalinity, together with other finer-scale environmental and biological controls; (3) because saline environments are restrictive, sites of relatively dilute inflow (springs, rivers and deltas, ephemeral streams) provide oasis-like habitats for animals and plants, and contribute to the increased diversity and laterally variable distribution of saline-lake trace assemblages; and (4) the vertical distribution of trace fossils in a stratigraphic succession reflects changing environments through time; important stratigraphic surfaces, usually formed during periods of lake-level fall, can be recognized from the overprinting patterns of traces produced under different conditions.

A detailed study was made of the composition and distribution of modern and fossil animal and plant traces around saline, alkaline lakes in tectonically active, closed lake-basins. Modern and Pleistocene traces that were examined in lake basins of the Kenya Rift Valley (Lakes Bogoria, Magadi, and Nasikie Engida) were compared directly with fossil traces from the Eocene Lake Gosiute in the Green River Formation of Wyoming, U.S.A., which had a similar hydrochemistry. Analysis of lithofacies and the stratigraphic packaging of the sediments hosting biogenic structures was undertaken so that their vertical and lateral distribution could be used to interpret lake histories and to help to develop depositional models of enigmatic sedimentary successions. A focus was given to the application of the results for paleoecology and stratigraphy, and a model for predicting the position of different trace associations in vertical successions and in different parts of saline, alkaline lake basins has been developed. Evidence from the Kenyan lakes and Eocene Lake Gosiute shows that (1) sedimentary environments are diverse in underfilled basins, and frequent lake-level fluctuations strongly impact the distribution of sedimentary environments suitable for the production and preservation of biogenic structures; (2) the distribution of biogenic structures in underfilled basins is related to the geomorphological and structural setting, tectonic activity, catchment lithology, the basin margin or basin centre location, climate, and salinity and alkalinity, together with other finer-scale environmental and biological controls; (3) because saline environments are restrictive, sites of relatively dilute inflow (springs, rivers and deltas, ephemeral streams) provide oasis-like habitats for animals and plants, and contribute to the increased diversity and laterally variable distribution of saline-lake trace assemblages; and (4) the vertical distribution of trace fossils in a stratigraphic succession reflects changing environments through time; important stratigraphic surfaces, usually formed during periods of lake-level fall, can be recognized from the overprinting patterns of traces produced under different conditions.

A detailed study of modern washover fan (fan) morphologies will clarify common fan geometries, lead to a better model for a “typical” fan, identify the preservation potential and probable geometries of fan facies in subsurface datasets and outcrops, and ultimately improve hydrocarbon recovery in barrier island reservoir systems. This study uses satellite imagery to conduct a spatial analysis of 118 modern fans to quantify geomorphologic attributes of fans. A new classification scheme for fans is proposed that refines the current fan model, dividing fans into channelized and non-channelized fans. Channelized fans are subdivided according to the location of primary deposition: barrier depo-center or lagoonal depo-center. Non-channelized fans are subdivided based on morphology: dissipative, lobate, or apron-sourced. Quantitative cross-plots of morphologic relationships are analyzed to define trends in fan morphologies. The most common type of fan encountered in our study is a non-channelized, line-sourced, lobate washover fan with an area of less than 1 km2 that is fully contained on a barrier and exhibits no subaqueous deposition in back-barrier waters. The Lower Cretaceous McMurray Formation is the primary reservoir of the Athabasca Oil Sands in Alberta, Canada. The upper McMurray is commonly interpreted as deposits of embayed coastal systems. Our location is in an under-studied area located 80 km northwest of Fort McMurray. Lateral and vertical facies changes, sedimentary structures, key surfaces, trace fossils, and bitumen saturation were documented in eight cores located along a 20 km transect situated paleo-landward of a Devonian paleo-high acting as a bedrock-barrier. Our data indicate that a flood tidal delta complex prograded landward into a back-barrier embayment through the stable, bedrock-controlled inlet. This system overlies middle McMurray fluvial sands and Devonian basement and was transgressed by marine waters prior to deposition of the overlying Wabiskaw Formation. Flood tidal delta sandbodies are bitumen saturated and therefore make good reservoirs; however, heavily bioturbated tidal flats can act as a barrier to flow where they encase flood tidal deltas, as encased sands were devoid of bitumen. This complex coastal paleogeography produced back-barrier deposits that contain a slightly more diverse, marine trace fossil assemblage than might otherwise be expected. / text