<p><p>This study searches for hidden nationalism in two Swedish news papers’ environmental journalism. How it contributes to a national identity and creates “we” against “them”.</p><p>The purpose of this study is to show how important it is to be aware of what picture Swedish media gives of Sweden concerning environmental journalism to the readers.</p><p>The theories are based on nationalism, banal nationalism, medias and identities and “we” and “them”. The method used is critical discourse analysis where language and power is in focus.</p><p>We analysed 56 texts in two of the largest Swedish news papers.</p><p>We searched for signs proving that Swedish media glorifies Sweden within environmental journalism.</p><p>The most important result was that we so obviously could see signs of “we” and “them”. That contributed to signs of nationalism and Swedish identities.</p><p>We found that if you keep writing about Sweden when it is good and not write when it is bad you will give the readers a glorified picture. This picture can in turn cause the people to feel that the environmental issues are distant. Through constant writing about other countries failure, Sweden’s good performance and our Swedish children’s future the Swedish identity is strengthened.</p></p>

<p>Denna uppsats behandlar invandrade finska romers identitetsbygge i Sverige. Jag har gjort en kvalitativ intervjustudie med tre informanter. Syftet har varit att granska hur dessa finska romer i Sverige har format sin identitet under sin livstid och vilken roll skolan har haft för identitetsformeringen samt hur deras emigration har påverkat deras syn på sig själva som romer, finländare och/eller svenskar.</p><p>Jag har intervjuat en man i 30-års-åldern och två kvinnor, 45 respektive 50 år. Intervjuerna ägde rum i september 2005. Alla tre var födda i Finland, men har flyttat till Sverige under sin barndom eller ungdom. Informanterna ombedes bl.a. att definiera vem som de anser vara en rom i jämförelse till en modell som Romano Missio i Finland har på sin hemsida(http://www.romanomissio.fi/projektit/kalvot/002_kuka_on_romani.pdf ).</p><p>Av min undersökning kan man dra slutsatsen att förändringar är på gång inom den finskromska gruppen. Allt fler romer vill utbilda sig och speciellt kvinnorna har gjort framsteg inom det området. Ungdomarna umgås mer och mer med andra grupper, nya typer av identiteter växer fram och deras identitet får intryck från andra kulturer. Romerna diskuterar sina interna frågor i finska media vilket är nytt. Av mina intervjuer framgår att samhället saknar förståelse för romernas kultur och romska ungdomars livsvillkor. Att dessa inte alltid i lika stor utsträckning som majoriteten har möjligheter till individuella val.</p> / <p>This thesis investigates the construction of identity among immigrated Finnish Roma in Sweden. I have concluded three qualitative interviews, with a 30-year old man and two women, 45 and 50 years old. The purpose of these interviews has been to investigate in what fashion these individuals, all members of the Finnish Roma minority in Sweden, have constructed their identity and how their schooling has contributed to this.</p><p>I first got in contact with the man and via him a was able to reach the women and interview them too. All three were born in Finland but moved to Sweden during childhood or adolescence. The informants were among other things asked to define who is Roma and who is not, all according to a model that can be viewed at Romano Missio's Finnish website (http://www.romanomissio.fi/projektit/kalvot/002_kuka_on_romani.pdf ).</p><p>My investigation makes evident that changes are in progress in the Finnish Roma community in Sweden. An increasing number of Roma are interested in higher education. Youngsters seek contact with people from other societal groups and their identity is constructed increasingly in interaction with other cultures. Internal Roma issues are now more openly discussed in mainstream media in Finland. According to my research society lacks in understanding for and knowledge about Roma culture. Not much is known about the conditions under which Roma youngsters live and the fact that these young people do not get the same freedom of choice that is granted for others the same age.</p>

Doctors, academically educated and authorized, assert that there is more to being a real doctor than having fulfilled the formal criteria. It has been said that there is a particular doctor's ethos, which is based not only on thorough medical education but also on traditional know-how, internalized ethics and good character. This paper contains several studies of the efforts of Swedish physicians to define themselves as doctors, individually and collectively, during the period 1890-1960 and to identify the ethos of their profession. The empirical material consists mainly of texts written by doctors for doctors on different social and political questions pertaining to the profession's interests. Studying the identities, interests and ideals that have been expressed by Swedish doctors in society and on the professional and individual level made it possible to distinguish and describe different aspects of their particular ethos. The starting point for these studies was the discussions during the inter-war period – held above all in Germany but also in Sweden – about the crisis of medicine and of the medical profession (chapter 1). Developments in legislation concerning the authorization of doctors show the ambiguity of the Swedish doctor's legal identity (chapter 2). The Swedish medical profession's efforts to hold on to the concept of internalized ethics meant that formal ethical rules were not accepted until 1951 (chapter 3). A study of medical obituaries revealed that the ideal doctor was seen as a man and a good colleague with his ethics rooted in antiquity (chapter 4). The heterogeneous medical profession has not been able to reach a consensus as to a common identity or common interests and ideals. The efforts of leading men amongst Swedish doctors gain charismatic, traditional and legal legitimacy for the profession have been opposed. After 1960, however, doctor's legitimacy in the scientific field has gained ground (chapter 5). Debate concerning the ethos of the doctors served as a strategy to unite the profession and to draw boundaries against those considered to be unqualified actors in the field of the healing arts. This, in itself, is part of this ethos.

The aim of this thesis is to investigate and analyze practices in multilingual mathematics classrooms in compulsory school in Sweden. By using ethnographic methods, mainly participant observation, data were collected in a number of multilingual mathematics classrooms in suburban areas of a major city. The data include field notes, interviews and informal conversations with students, teachers and school administrators. The analysis is based on a coordination of Foucault’s discourse theory and Skovsmose’s critical mathematics education. The socio-political viewpoint defines power as relational and as having an effect on school mathematics practices. Discourse, agency, foreground and identity are used as analytic tools. In five articles, the thesis investigates how the various discourses affect multilingual students’ agency, foreground and identity formation as engaged mathematics learners. The effects of students’ and teachers’ agency on discourse switching in multilingual mathematics classrooms are also investigated. The findings indicate that bilingual communication in the mathematics classroom enhances students’ identity formation as engaged mathematics learners. Language- and content-based instruction seems to do the same, though monolingual instruction may jeopardize students’ identities as bilinguals while the discourse may normalize Swedish and Swedishness exclusively. Focus on linguistic dimensions in mathematics build up a communicative reform-oriented school mathematics discourse. The competing and intersecting discourses available in the multilingual mathematics classroom affect students’ agency, foreground and identity formation as engaged mathematics learners. For example, a reform-oriented school mathematics discourse intersecting with a social-relational discourse affects students’ active agency allowing power relations to be negotiated. A principal conclusion is that the success or failure of multilingual students in multilingual mathematics classrooms cannot be explained in terms of language and cultural factors alone, but only in relation discourse, and to social and political conditions in society at large. / At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 3: Accepted. Paper 4: Manuscript. Paper 5: Manuscript.

Denna uppsats behandlar invandrade finska romers identitetsbygge i Sverige. Jag har gjort en kvalitativ intervjustudie med tre informanter. Syftet har varit att granska hur dessa finska romer i Sverige har format sin identitet under sin livstid och vilken roll skolan har haft för identitetsformeringen samt hur deras emigration har påverkat deras syn på sig själva som romer, finländare och/eller svenskar. Jag har intervjuat en man i 30-års-åldern och två kvinnor, 45 respektive 50 år. Intervjuerna ägde rum i september 2005. Alla tre var födda i Finland, men har flyttat till Sverige under sin barndom eller ungdom. Informanterna ombedes bl.a. att definiera vem som de anser vara en rom i jämförelse till en modell som Romano Missio i Finland har på sin hemsida(http://www.romanomissio.fi/projektit/kalvot/002_kuka_on_romani.pdf ). Av min undersökning kan man dra slutsatsen att förändringar är på gång inom den finskromska gruppen. Allt fler romer vill utbilda sig och speciellt kvinnorna har gjort framsteg inom det området. Ungdomarna umgås mer och mer med andra grupper, nya typer av identiteter växer fram och deras identitet får intryck från andra kulturer. Romerna diskuterar sina interna frågor i finska media vilket är nytt. Av mina intervjuer framgår att samhället saknar förståelse för romernas kultur och romska ungdomars livsvillkor. Att dessa inte alltid i lika stor utsträckning som majoriteten har möjligheter till individuella val. / This thesis investigates the construction of identity among immigrated Finnish Roma in Sweden. I have concluded three qualitative interviews, with a 30-year old man and two women, 45 and 50 years old. The purpose of these interviews has been to investigate in what fashion these individuals, all members of the Finnish Roma minority in Sweden, have constructed their identity and how their schooling has contributed to this. I first got in contact with the man and via him a was able to reach the women and interview them too. All three were born in Finland but moved to Sweden during childhood or adolescence. The informants were among other things asked to define who is Roma and who is not, all according to a model that can be viewed at Romano Missio's Finnish website (http://www.romanomissio.fi/projektit/kalvot/002_kuka_on_romani.pdf ). My investigation makes evident that changes are in progress in the Finnish Roma community in Sweden. An increasing number of Roma are interested in higher education. Youngsters seek contact with people from other societal groups and their identity is constructed increasingly in interaction with other cultures. Internal Roma issues are now more openly discussed in mainstream media in Finland. According to my research society lacks in understanding for and knowledge about Roma culture. Not much is known about the conditions under which Roma youngsters live and the fact that these young people do not get the same freedom of choice that is granted for others the same age.

<p>This thesis is an exploration of the historical, socio-cultural, economic, and political settings in which identities are negotiated and performed among Cameroonian immigrants in Cape Town. Focusing on language as localized practices and different interaction regimes, the thesis investigates how Cameroonian immigrants maintain and reconfigure the Anglophone/Francophone identity options in novel and hybrid ways. In addition, the study examines how ideologies favouring different languages are reproduced and challenged in translocal and transnational discourses. Guided by the poststructuralist theories the thesis explores the stance that reality is socially constructed, based on symbolic and material structural limitations that are challenged and maintained in interaction. That is, whatever we do or believe in, is supported by some historical or cultural&nbsp / frames of meanings in our lived world, which often gives room to some manoeuvre to do things in a new way. The study adopts a multiplex interpretive approach to data&nbsp / collection. This entails a qualitative sociolinguistic approach where interviews, discussion and observations at different socio-economic places namely / meetings, workplaces,&nbsp / homes, restaurants, drinking spots and many sites from all over Cape Town, were explored. The study suggests that Cameroonians have a multiplicity of identity options, which are manifested and negotiated performatively through language, dress code, song, food, business, and other practices that comprise their lifestyles. These identities are&nbsp / translocal and transnational in nature, and tend to blend South African, Cameroonian, and even American traits. It is also suggests that the different identity options which they manifest are highly mobile, enabling Cameroonians to fit into South African social structures as well as the Negotiation of Identities and Language Practices Cameroonian ways of doing things. Additionally, the multiplicity of identities that Cameroonians manifest, blur the fault-line between Anglophone/Francophone identities. It is evident from the study that hybridity and the reconstruction practices are not only confined to languages. Hybridity also extends to discourse orders especially in terms of how meetings are conducted. The Cameroonian meetings captured through the activities of Mifi Association and CANOWACAT are characterised by &lsquo / disorder of discourse&rsquo / in which both formal and informal versions of English and French are used separately or as amalgams alongside CPE and their national languages, not only in side talks, but also when contributing to the meeting proceedings. Ultimately, the study concludes that Cameroonians are social actors making up an indispensable part of the social interaction in the Cape Town Diaspora. Just as they influence the languages, the entrepreneurial practices, and spaces in which they interact, the Cameroonian immigrants are also transformed. The major&nbsp / contribution of the study is that it adds to the recent debates about the nature of multilingualism and identities in late modern society. It emphasises that languages and identities are fluid, complex, and unstable. The distinction or boundaries between the various languages in multilingual practices are also not as clear-cut. This leads to a reframing of voice and actor hood as meaning is constructed across translocal and transnational contexts and domains in a networked world transformed by the mobility of endless flows ofinformation, goods, ideas, and people. Thus, the study contributes to those arguing for a paradigm shift in sociolinguistic theory in which language is not a property of groups, nor is it an autonomous and bounded system fixed in time and space. Thus, identities, languages and the spaces of interaction are not fixed systems / identities, languages, and spaces are dynamic and in a state of flux. This in turn questions the notions of multilingualism and language itself, as well as the veracity of concepts such as code-switching,&nbsp / speech community, language variation, as the search for a sociolinguistic framework that can deal with phenomena predicated by motion, instability, and uncertainty, continues.</p>

<p>This thesis is an exploration of the historical, socio-cultural, economic, and political settings in which identities are negotiated and performed among Cameroonian immigrants in Cape Town. Focusing on language as localized practices and different interaction regimes, the thesis investigates how Cameroonian immigrants maintain and reconfigure the Anglophone/Francophone identity options in novel and hybrid ways. In addition, the study examines how ideologies favouring different languages are reproduced and challenged in translocal and transnational discourses. Guided by the poststructuralist theories the thesis explores the stance that reality is socially constructed, based on symbolic and material structural limitations that are challenged and maintained in interaction. That is, whatever we do or believe in, is supported by some historical or cultural frames of meanings in our lived world, which often gives room to some manoeuvre to do things in a new way. The study adopts a multiplex interpretive approach to data collection. This entails a qualitative sociolinguistic approach where interviews, discussion and observations at different socio-economic places namely / meetings, workplaces, homes, restaurants, drinking spots and many sites from all over Cape Town, were explored. The study suggests that Cameroonians have a multiplicity of identity options, which are manifested and negotiated performatively through language, dress code, song, food, business, and other practices that comprise their lifestyles. These identities are translocal and transnational in nature, and tend to blend South African, Cameroonian, and even American traits. It is also suggests that the different identity options which they manifest are highly mobile, enabling Cameroonians to fit into South African social structures as well as the Cameroonian ways of doing things.&nbsp / Additionally, the multiplicity of identities that Cameroonians manifest, blur the fault-line between Anglophone/Francophone identities. It is evident from the study that hybridity and the reconstruction practices are not only confined to languages. Hybridity also extends to discourse orders especially in terms of how meetings are conducted. The Cameroonian meetings captured through the activities of Mifi Association and CANOWACAT are characterised by &lsquo / disorder of discourse&rsquo / in which both formal and informal versions of English and French are used&nbsp / separately or as amalgams alongside CPE and their national languages, not only in side talks, but also when contributing to the meeting proceedings. Ultimately, the study concludes that&nbsp / Cameroonians are social actors making up an indispensable part of the social interaction in the Cape Town Diaspora. Just as they influence the languages, the entrepreneurial practices, and&nbsp / spaces in which they interact, the Cameroonian immigrants are also transformed. The major contribution of the study is that it adds to the recent debates about the nature of multilingualism&nbsp / and identities in late modern society. It emphasises that languages and identities are fluid, complex, and unstable. The distinction or boundaries between the various languages in multilingual practices are also not as clear-cut. This leads to a reframing of voice and actor hood as meaning is constructed across translocal and transnational contexts and domains in a networked&nbsp / world transformed by the mobility of endless flows of information, goods, ideas, and people. Thus, the study contributes to those arguing for a paradigm shift in sociolinguistic theory in which&nbsp / language is not a property of groups, nor is it an autonomous and bounded system fixed in time and space. Thus, identities, languages and the spaces of interaction are not fixed systems / &nbsp / identities, languages, and spaces are dynamic and in a state of flux. This in turn questions the notions of multilingualism and language itself, as well as the veracity of concepts such as&nbsp / &nbsp / &nbsp / code-switching, speech community, language variation, as the search for a sociolinguistic framework that can deal with phenomena predicated by motion, instability, and uncertainty, continues. <br /> &nbsp / </p>

This thesis draws from ten semi-structured interviews with multiracial men in Toronto, Canada. It is an exploratory study that examines how participants experience race, masculinities and identities. Multiracial identities challenge popular notions of racial categories and expose social processes of racialization and the shifting nature of social identities. I explore how gender impacts participants’ experiences of multiple, fluid or shifting racial identities, and the importance of context in determining how they identify themselves. Participants also discussed the impact of multiculturalism and their understandings of racism in Canada. There were differences in the experiences of Black multiracial men and non-Black multiracial men in terms of how gender and race impact their lives. These differences imply that the colour line in Canada is shifting and that categories like ‘whiteness’ are being redefined. Analyses of these topics are taken up from an anti-racist and critical mixed race studies perspective.

This thesis draws from ten semi-structured interviews with multiracial men in Toronto, Canada. It is an exploratory study that examines how participants experience race, masculinities and identities. Multiracial identities challenge popular notions of racial categories and expose social processes of racialization and the shifting nature of social identities. I explore how gender impacts participants’ experiences of multiple, fluid or shifting racial identities, and the importance of context in determining how they identify themselves. Participants also discussed the impact of multiculturalism and their understandings of racism in Canada. There were differences in the experiences of Black multiracial men and non-Black multiracial men in terms of how gender and race impact their lives. These differences imply that the colour line in Canada is shifting and that categories like ‘whiteness’ are being redefined. Analyses of these topics are taken up from an anti-racist and critical mixed race studies perspective.

This study searches for hidden nationalism in two Swedish news papers’ environmental journalism. How it contributes to a national identity and creates “we” against “them”. The purpose of this study is to show how important it is to be aware of what picture Swedish media gives of Sweden concerning environmental journalism to the readers. The theories are based on nationalism, banal nationalism, medias and identities and “we” and “them”. The method used is critical discourse analysis where language and power is in focus. We analysed 56 texts in two of the largest Swedish news papers. We searched for signs proving that Swedish media glorifies Sweden within environmental journalism. The most important result was that we so obviously could see signs of “we” and “them”. That contributed to signs of nationalism and Swedish identities. We found that if you keep writing about Sweden when it is good and not write when it is bad you will give the readers a glorified picture. This picture can in turn cause the people to feel that the environmental issues are distant. Through constant writing about other countries failure, Sweden’s good performance and our Swedish children’s future the Swedish identity is strengthened.