This thesis identifies and studies Qur’ans produced in the eastern Islamic world between the 4th/10th and 6th/12th centuries. The period coincides with major transformations in the environment of Qur’an production: the replacement of “Kufic” with newer types of scripts; the use of paper instead of parchment as a writing material; and the introduction of the vertical format, which gradually replaced the old horizontal format of Qur’an manuscripts. It was during this period that the Seljuqs and Ghaznavids rose to power alongside other local dynasties in the eastern Islamic world following the breakdown of the Abbasid Empire in the 4th/10th century. The boundaries between these different empires, however, did not prevent the mobility of craftsmen to, from and within Greater Iran. The extant Qur’ans from this period point to a shared visual vocabulary due to the fluidity of borders and the mobility of motifs. Yet, within this common language, local trends emerged defying unified dynastic or regional labels. The similarities and differences in Qur’ans produced in Iraq, Iran, Syria, the Jazira, Khurasan and Transoxiana attest to this idea. At the turn of the 5th/11th century, new scripts were being stylised while the illumination was in continuity with past traditions. Qur’ans that survive from Greater Iran, Baghdad and Cairo, studied in the first and second chapters, point to local manners of script and illumination stylisation. Some of their epigraphic and decorative forms find parallels on architecture, pottery, and coins pointing to the travel of motifs not only across geographic boundaries but also across artistic fields. The third chapter identifies a group of Qur’ans copied in the first half of the 5th/11th century in Nishapur and hence represent a local style of Qur’an production. Imperial Ghaznavid and Ghurid Qur’ans copied between the second half of the 5th/11th century and the 6th/12th century, studied in the fourth and fifth chapters, exemplify trends of Qur’anic script and illumination in Khurasan. The aesthetic of the Ghaznavid Qur’ans is rooted in earlier traditions with links to Baghdad and Nishapur while that of the Ghurid Qur’ans appear in continuity with the Ghaznavid yet with new features. Their visual vocabulary resonates with the local eclectic style of architectural decoration and the ceramics, metalwork, coins and silk produced in Greater Iran. A section of the fourth chapter investigates the work of al-warrāq al-ghaznawī (the Warrāq from Ghazna), a recurrent title in the colophons of Ghaznavid Qur’ans that points to a collaborative work environment, and offers insights into the production of these Qur’ans. Based on similarities with the Ghaznavid and Ghurid corpus, additional Qur’ans are attributed to Khurasan and Transoxiana in the sixth chapter. Their visual languages also draw from Qur’anic and non-Qur’anic artistic productions of Khurasan and largely that of Greater Iran. Finally, Qur’ans copied in the 6th/12th century in the Central Islamic lands appear to be mutually related and further apart from those produced in Khurasan yet with visible links. The seventh and eighth chapters examine the aesthetic diversity in Qur’ans produced in Iran. Iraq, the Jazira and Syria. Their distinct features point to local stylisation of script and illumination that was shaped from the fluidity of motifs throughout the Mashriq.

Récemment, de nombreuses techniques de microscopie de fluorescence de super-résolution ont été développées pour permettre d'observer de nombreuses structures biologiques au-delà de la limite de diffraction. La microscopie d'illumination structurée (SIM) est l'une de ces technologies. Le principe de la SIM est basé sur l'utilisation d'une grille de lumière harmonique qui permet de translater les hautes fréquences spatiales de l'échantillon vers la région d’observation du microscope. Les méthodes classiques de reconstruction SIM nécessitent une connaissance parfaite de l'illumination de l’échantillon. Cependant, l’implémentation d’un contrôle parfait de l’illumination harmonique sur le plan de l'échantillon n'est pas facile expérimentalement et il présente un grand défi. L’hypothèse de la connaissance parfaite de l’intensité de la lumière illuminant l’échantillon en SIM peut donc introduire des artefacts sur l’image reconstruite de l'échantillon, à cause des erreurs d’alignement de la grille qui peuvent se présenter lors de l’acquisition expérimentale. Afin de surmonter ce défi, nous avons développé dans cette thèse des stratégies de reconstruction «aveugle» qui sont indépendantes de d'illumination. À l'aide de ces stratégies de reconstruction dites «blind-SIM», nous avons étendu la SIM harmonique pour l’appliquer aux cas de «SIM-speckle» qui utilisent des illuminations aléatoires et inconnues qui contrairement à l’illumination harmonique, ne nécessitent pas de contrôle. / Recently, many superresolution fluorescence microscopy techniques have been developed which allow the observation of many biological structures beyond the diffraction limit. Structured illumination microscopy (SIM) is one of them. The principle of SIM is based on using a harmonic light grid which downmodulates the high spatial frequencies of the sample into the observable region of the microscope. The resolution enhancement is highly dependent on the reconstruction technique, which restores the high spatial frequencies of the sample to their original position. Common SIM reconstructions require the perfect knowledge of the illumination pattern. However, to perfectly control the harmonic illumination patterns on the sample plane is not easy in experimental implementations and this makes the experimental setup very technical. Reconstructing SIM images assuming the perfect knowledge of the illumination intensity patterns may, therefore, introduce artifacts on the estimated sample due to the misalignment of the grid that can occur during experimental acquisitions. To tackle this drawback of SIM, in this thesis, we have developed blind-SIM reconstruction strategies which are independent of the illumination patterns. Using the 3D blind-SIM reconstruction strategies we extended the harmonic SIM to speckle illumination microscopy which uses random unknown speckle patterns that need no control, unlike the harmonic grid patterns.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-02-27Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:30:46Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 nascimento_dn_me_bauru_prot.pdf: 3358169 bytes, checksum: 7b167fe8ebd68cbd9073ed5ffb4c7c4d (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O conforto visual no ambiente de trabalho também é alvo de estudo da ergonomia, e com o auxílio da análise de imagens digitais – HDR (High Dynamic Range) é possível ter um estudo mais rápido e barato contribuindo assim para o bem estar dos trabalhadores, já que uma boa iluminação tornará o ambiente de trabalho mais produtivo e prazeroso. Tem-se por objetivo especificamente, estudar formas de caracterizar o ambiente em relação à possibilidade da ocorrência de ofuscamento a partir de imagens HDR e viabilizar o uso de câmeras fotográficas digitais de uso amador, com lentes padrão, no desenvolvimento de uma sistemática e da correspondente instrumentação para avaliar índices de ofuscamento empregando imagens HDR compostas a partir de fotos obtidas com tais câmeras / The visual comfort in the work environment also is white of study of the ergonomics, and with the aid of the analysis of digital images - HDR (High Dynamic Range) is possible to have a cheap study faster e thus constributing it welfare of the workers, science a good illumination will became the environment of more productive and pleasant work. It is had specifically for objective, to study forms to characterize the environment in relation a possibility da ofuscamento occurrence to leave of images HDR and to make possible the use of digital cameras of amoteur use, with leses standard, no development of a systematics and da corresponding instrumentation to evaluate ofuscamento indices being used composed images HDR to leave of photos gotten with such cameras

The thesis is focusing on the construction and realization of automatic source charger of emergency illumination. The work introduces the question of emergency lighting systems and backup power sources briefly. The main part of this work is concentrating on the concrete designing and realizing projects of the charging system. The output of this work is a specific technical solution and realization of an automatic charger in practice.

Within the last decade, the offline rendering branch of computer graphics has moved towards the concept of physically-based rendering by using the path tracing algorithm. One such physically-based effect is fluorescence, where light is absorbed at one wavelength and re-emitted at another. However, to properly capture this effect, one has to utilize spectral path tracing, as opposed to colour- based path tracing. Spectral path tracing by itself suffers from colour noise, which can be reduced by utilizing the so-called Hero Wavelength Spectral Sampling (HWSS). The inclusion of wavelength shifting induced by fluorescence requires modifications to the base path tracing algorithm that HWSS wasn't designed for. This thesis provides the overview of path tracing, the current state-of-art for in- clusion of fluorescence in a rendering system, along with relevant technical details, the overview of HWSS itself as well as mathematical formulation that enables the combination of fluorescence and HWSS. Additionally, this thesis also proposes a new approach to rendering fluorescent participating media that properly handles previously overlooked failure cases. 1

Orientador: Lucila Chebel Labaki / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T05:33:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Nogueira_FlaviaElaineAliottiRodrigues_M.pdf: 13154436 bytes, checksum: 9d9e5baa32a2d76ff8018f6dfa3645db (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Na dissertação aqui apresentada a ênfase está no uso consciente da luz natural enquanto elemento valorizador da qualidade dos edifícios. O ambiente escolar tem necessidades específicas de conforto ambiental, sendo as aberturas elementos de projeto essenciais para o bom desempenho térmico, luminoso e energético das escolas. O trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar o estudo do desempenho luminoso das tipologias de aberturas das salas de aula, adotadas nas escolas municipais de Campinas, SP. A aquisição de dados mensuráveis de parâmetros de Iluminação Natural se fez através do estudo de caso de duas escolas municipais, obtendo-se um levantamento de real valor no processo de projeto das reformas a serem realizadas pelo departamento de projeto de escolas da prefeitura Municipal de Campinas. A metodologia consistiu de visita às escolas, entrevistas, análise prévia através de plantas e fotos. Medidas de iluminância em pontos e horários pré-estabelecidos foram realizadas, e seus resultados analisados de acordo com as normas brasileiras. Os parâmetros de uniformidade e diversidade de iluminação natural foram analisados de acordo com a adequação das aberturas à orientação. Os resultados permitiram analisar com profundidade o tema-objeto dessa proposta, com vistas à sua utilização na prática do projeto de edificações escolares, visando à melhoria do conforto visual / Abstract: In this work the emphasis is in the conscious daylighting use in buildings, while valuable quality element. The school environment has particular necessities of environmental comfort, the openings being design elements essential for good thermal, luminous and energetic performance of the schools. The objective of this work is to study luminous performance of the opening classroom typologies most often adopted in municipal schools in the city of Campinas, SP. The measurable data acquisition for daylighting analysis was performed through case study of two schools. The results allowed to obtaining a withdrawal with actual value in the design process of the reforms to be accomplished by the schools design department of the City Government of Campinas. The methodology consisted of visits, interviewees, previous analysis through plants and photos. Measurements of illuminance in pre-established points and schedules were accomplished, and the results were analyzed according to Brazilian standards. Natural lighting uniformity and diversity were analyzed by verifying the adequacy of the openings to solar orientation. Results allowed analyzing with depth the proposed theme, regarding its application in the design practice of school buildings, regarding the improvement of visual comfort / Mestrado / Edificações / Mestre em Engenharia Civil

Context. Indirect illumination – the light contribution from bounce light in an environment – is an important effect when creating realistic images. Historically it has been approximated very poorly by applying a constant ambient term. This approximation is unacceptable if the goal is to create realistic results as bouncing light contributes a lot of light in the real world. Objectives. This thesis proposes a technique to use a reflective shadow map to place and configure spotlights in an environment to approximate global illumination. Methods. The proposed spotlight distribution technique is implemented in a delimited real time graphics engine, and the results are compared to a naive spotlight distribution method. Results. The image resulting from the proposed technique has a lower quality than the comparison in our test scene. Conclusions. The technique could be used in its current state for applications where the view can be controlled by the developer such as in 3D side scrolling games or as a tool to generate editable indirect illumination. Further research needs to be conducted to make it more broadly viable. / Indirekt illuminering är en viktigt effekt om en försöker skapa realistiska bilder. Den här uppsatsen föreslår en teknik där en reflektiv skuggkarta används för att placera och konfigurera strålkastare för att approximera indirekt illuminering. Tekniken kan användas i till exempel sidscrollande 3D spel eller för att skapa ett verktyg som kan användas för att skapa redigerbar indirekt illuminering. Vidare forskning krävs för att göra tekniken rimlig för flera användningsområden.

THE ROLE OF THE SPIRIT IN THE INTERPRETATION OF THE WORD OF GOD This dissertation examines the role of the Spirit in the interpretation of the Word of God. Chapter 1 introduces the topic and its significance. The topic is important because it has been historically neglected, because there is a lack of consensus in evangelicalism regarding this topic, and because of the claim made by the postconservative evangelicals that the Spirit reveals beyond the Word of God. Chapter 2 begins with a historical background to the topic, and then examines the four evangelical representative views in detail. For each view, the works of two or three representatives are examined. For each theologian, a summary of his exegetical work is provided, followed by a summary of the construction of his view based on his exegesis. Chapter 3 provides the exegetical foundation for the alternative proposal for understanding the role of the Spirit in interpretation: the Comprehensively Personal Authoritative view (CPA view), which holds that the Holy Spirit comprehensively and personally guides all aspects of the interpretation of the Word of God, in which the object of interpretation is limited to the authoritative Word of God. A directed exegesis is done on each of the four sets of passages: 1 Corinthians 2:6-16; 2 Corinthians 3:16-4:6; John 14:26, 16:13; 1 John 2:18-29. Chapter 4 constructs the CPA view based on the exegetical work in Chapter 3. Chapter 5 provides a critique of the four representative evangelical views, both biblically and theologically. For each view, anticipated objections from that view toward the CPA view are addressed. Chapter 6 concludes by arguing how the CPA view is a better model in terms of its exegetical support, its internal coherence which incorporates the strengths of the other views while minimizing their weaknesses, and its ability to respond to postmodern challenges on this topic. The chapter concludes with suggestions for further exploration and a summary of the dissertation. / This dissertation was under embargo until 2014-12-14.

Indirect lighting drastically increases the realism of rendered scenes but it has traditionally been very expensive to calculate. This has long precluded its use in real-time rendering applications such as video games which have mere milliseconds to respond to user input and produce a final image. As hardware power continues to increase, however, some recently developed algorithms have started to bring real-time indirect lighting closer to reality. Of specific interest to this paper, cloud-based rendering systems add indirect lighting to real-time scenes by splitting the rendering pipeline between a server and one or more connected clients. However, thus far they have been limited to static scenes and/or require expensive precomputation steps which limits their utility in game-like environments. In this paper we present a system capable of providing real-time indirect lighting to fully dynamic environments. This is accomplished by modifying the light gathering step in previous systems to be more resilient to changes in scene geometry and providing indirect light information in multiple forms, depending on the type of geometry being lit. We deploy it in several scenes to measure its performance, both in terms of speed and visual appeal, and show that it produces high quality images with minimum impact on the client machine.

This thesis deals with photorealistic rendering and real-time global illumination. Thesis contains overview of algorithms used for real-time global illumination of which the Dynamic Diffuse Global Illumination with Ray-Traced Irradiance Fields was implemented. This algorithm uses hardware accelerated ray tracing to compute global illumination in a scene. Hardware ray tracing requires use of new generation of graphics API from which Vulkan was choosen for this thesis.