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This study is an interpretive analysis of Zimbabwean political auto/biographical narratives in contexts of changing culture, race, ethnicity and gender identity images of the self and nation. I used eclectic theories of postcolonialism to explore the fractured nature of both the processes of identity construction and narration, and the contradictions inherent in identity categories of nation and self. The problem of using autobiographical memory to recall the momentous events that formed the contradictory identities of self and nation in the creative imagination of the lives of Ian Smith, Maurice Nyagumbo, Abel Muzorewa, Joshua Nkomo, Doris Lessing, Fay Chung, Judith Garfield Todd, Tendai Westerhof and Lutanga Shaba have been highlighted. The study concluded that there are narrative and ideological disjunctures between experiencing life and narrating those experiences to create approximations of coherent identities of individual selves and those of the nation. The study argued that each of the stories analyzed in this study contributed a version of the multiple Zimbabwean narratives that no one story could ever tell without being contested by others. Thus the study explores how white Rhodesian auto/biographies depend on the imperial repertoire to construct varying, even contradicting, images of white identities and the Rhodesian nation, which are also contested by black nationalist life narratives. The narratives by women writers, both white and black, introduced further instabilities to the male authored narratives by moving beyond the conventional understanding of what is ‘political’ in political auto/biographies. The HIV and AIDS narratives by black women thrust into the public sphere personalized versions of self so that the political consequence of their inclusion was not only to image Zimbabwe as a diseased society, but one desperately in need of political solutions to confront the different pathologies inherited from colonialism and which also have continued in the post-independence period. / English Studies / (D. Litt. et Phil. (English))

The main goal of this thesis was an investigation into the ways in which whiteness is constructed and positioned in the South African soap opera, 7de Laan, and the Flemish soap opera, Thuis, with the emphasis on the possible implications of these constructions for local as well as global discourses on whiteness in the media. In conjunction with the above, this thesis endeavoured to answer a number of subquestions relating to the origin and history of the construct of “whiteness” and Critical Whiteness Studies (CWS) as a theoretical approach and its relevance in the South African and Flemish contexts, specifically as it pertains to the analysis of mass media texts like 7de Laan and Thuis. It, moreover, sought to explore if and how whiteness functions as an organising principle in the narratives and representations of these soap operas with the emphasis on potential similarities, differences and the kinds of whiteness constructed in these texts. Finally, the goal was to draw conclusions on the possible implications of these differences and similarities in the wider context of the way in which whiteness functions in the media. To that end I conducted a controlled case comparison of a sample from these two community soap opera texts, which was informed by a literature review and deep description of each context as part of the qualitative approach I chose to take. Despite a number of similarities between the two contexts, they still differ significantly, and this afforded me an opportunity to highlight both the consistencies and particularities in the ideological patterning of representations of whiteness, across seemingly unrelated domains, to illustrate its pervasiveness. Added to the emergence of three shared rhetorical devices perpetuating whiteness in both texts, I was also able to draw conclusions about the unique way in which whiteness functions in 7de Laan in particular, since South Africa remains the primary context of the study. / Communication Science / D. Litt. et Phil.(Communication)

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:39:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 3985.pdf: 534165 bytes, checksum: bc850d12c643c658d0d1463a1229dcad (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-09-21 / Assuming that every nation is an imagined community concept created by Benedict Anderson in his book Imagined Communities I propose a discussion about the existence of different projects for the construction of a Brazilian nation, paying special attention to a "Sao Paulo state project". As guideline, I use the subaltern studies, which question the hegemonic centers' theoretical colonialism and the modernity dominant conceptions. This dissertation is based on the subaltern studies literature and on the selection of texts from the period chosen for this study: the years between 1870-1922. These analyses intend to show the existence of a "Sao Paulo project" for the nation, which demonstrates a "admiration" for the North- American racial segregation. This "admiration" was a common theme in many papers written after such project failed. / Partindo do pressuposto de que toda nação é uma comunidade imaginada , conceito cunhado por Benedict Anderson em sua obra Comunidades Imaginadas, proponho, nesta dissertação, versar sobre a existência de diferentes projetos para a construção da nação brasileira ressaltando, o que entendo ser, um projeto paulista para a nação. A referência utilizada encontra-se nos Estudos Subalternos, perspectiva que questiona o colonialismo teórico dos grandes centros hegemônicos e as concepções dominantes de modernidade. A fundamentação material deste trabalho está na literatura alusiva ao referencial teórico adotado e na seleção de alguns textos produzidos dentro do período que delimita o estudo proposto: os anos de 1870 a 1922. Buscamos com as análises aqui desenvolvidas acenar para a existência de um projeto paulista para a nação que, não sendo bem sucedido, deixará transparecer certa "nostalgia da segregação racial norte-americana presente em obras publicadas posteriormente.

Despite the upsurge in fact-based and verbatim theatre in recent years (Fogarth and Megson 2009: 1), engagement with the form as a technique equally suitable for poetry has been especially limited. This thesis examines the deployment of verbatim methods in a series of poems which constitute the creative element, written in order to (re)present expressions of identity and ideas of imagined community during the 2011 riots in Birmingham. Located in the context of this particular disorder, United We Stand explores both individual and group experiences of the events that took place in Birmingham. The series of verbatim poems draws on data extracted from 25 semi-structured, life-story interviews with participants who lived or worked in the city during these incidents. In doing so, both the thesis and the creative practice that informs it critique Benedict Anderson s earlier model of the nation as an imagined community (1983; 1991; 2006). While quantitative network analysis is deployed to establish the ties between media channels and ordinary citizens that were maintained online through social networking, creative and reported responses published by these same media sources are analysed in relation to national narrative conventions (Billig 2001; Mihelj 2011). This demonstrates that new and popular media played a significant role in (re)presenting imagined communities in this setting. By providing evidence for the existence of these shifting imagined communities across various geographical, social and cultural scales, the thesis suggests that Anderson s decision to focus on the nation is problematic. It argues that his framework is partial and that a new definition of imagined community as both fluid and emergent is necessary. Literary context for the thesis is found in the origins and developments of verbatim; exploring early documentary theatre practice and contemporary verbatim productions by Richard Norton-Taylor, Alecky Blythe, and Gillian Slovo. Through an analysis of Bhanu Kapil Rider s The Vertical Interrogation of Strangers (2001), the thesis illustrates how existing poets have organised comparable methods in their own work. This culminates in a demonstration of practice as research by producing a ground-breaking body of work: United We Stand is a series of poems crafted through the deployment of verbatim methods. The thesis demonstrates that deploying verbatim methods in poetry is suitable for (re)presenting expressions of identity and ideas of imagined community in this context. By transforming the voices of ordinary people of Birmingham, United We Stand reflects the media narratives that precede it: the poems are a direct engagement with the same fluid and emergent imagined communities that they argue existed. More importantly, though, this thesis goes beyond contemporary techniques of verbatim and establishes the evolutionary nature of it as a poetic practice. The combination of verbatim methods and visual-digital tools that I deploy throughout United We Stand results in a new creative process which I have termed Digital Poetic Mimesis.

This study is an interpretive analysis of Zimbabwean political auto/biographical narratives in contexts of changing culture, race, ethnicity and gender identity images of the self and nation. I used eclectic theories of postcolonialism to explore the fractured nature of both the processes of identity construction and narration, and the contradictions inherent in identity categories of nation and self. The problem of using autobiographical memory to recall the momentous events that formed the contradictory identities of self and nation in the creative imagination of the lives of Ian Smith, Maurice Nyagumbo, Abel Muzorewa, Joshua Nkomo, Doris Lessing, Fay Chung, Judith Garfield Todd, Tendai Westerhof and Lutanga Shaba have been highlighted. The study concluded that there are narrative and ideological disjunctures between experiencing life and narrating those experiences to create approximations of coherent identities of individual selves and those of the nation. The study argued that each of the stories analyzed in this study contributed a version of the multiple Zimbabwean narratives that no one story could ever tell without being contested by others. Thus the study explores how white Rhodesian auto/biographies depend on the imperial repertoire to construct varying, even contradicting, images of white identities and the Rhodesian nation, which are also contested by black nationalist life narratives. The narratives by women writers, both white and black, introduced further instabilities to the male authored narratives by moving beyond the conventional understanding of what is ‘political’ in political auto/biographies. The HIV and AIDS narratives by black women thrust into the public sphere personalized versions of self so that the political consequence of their inclusion was not only to image Zimbabwe as a diseased society, but one desperately in need of political solutions to confront the different pathologies inherited from colonialism and which also have continued in the post-independence period. / English Studies / (D. Litt. et Phil. (English))

The aim of this study is to explore the Study in Sweden Facebook page, particularly about the use of nation branding identity and its representation on the social media channel during the period for application promotion for Swedish higher education institutions for Autumn semester 2018. Facebook page has been used as a centre for international marketing activities. With the purpose of promoting brand identity and the brand products, Facebook page has a significance as an online brand platform. Despite the importance of nation branding on online channel, few studies focusing on online channels for nation branding were conducted. Study in Sweden. The Study in Sweden Facebook page is used to promote Swedish higher education and Sweden, which also aims to imprint a positive image of Swedish education and Sweden as a country. Applying nation branding theoretical approach with qualitative content analysis, how nation branding identity is represented on the Study in Sweden Facebook page was investigated. In accordance with cultural approaches to nation branding, nation branding identity was labelled as binders of the imagined community further values of the nation. The study brought a focus on the relations between national identity and Swedishness concerning the core values of the nation. Facebook was investigated as communicator of the nation branding for representing the core values of Sweden.

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En prenant le concept de la « translated modernity» comme point de départ, cette thèse a pour but d’étudier la relation entre la traduction et un des aspects de la modernité chinoise : la nation à la fin de la dynastie Qing. Nous nous engageons dans cette thèse à scruter les relations complexes entre la traduction, et l’imagination et la construction d’une nouvelle nation à la fin de la dynastie de Qing. Josephe Levenson observe que le changement le plus remarquable dans la pensée chinoise dans l’histoire moderne de la Chine est une transition de « tianxia » (toutes choses sous le ciel, le monde, l’univers, Tout-ce-qui-est-sous-le-Ciel) à « guojia » (état, nation ou état-nation ). Cette thèse confirme que la transition de « tianxia » à «guojia» est facilitée par la traduction des savoirs modernes occidentaux à la fin de la dynastie de Qing. La thèse se base sur l’école du constructionnisme social dans les recherches de la « nation » et du « nationalisme ». Une « nation » est envisagée comme un « construit social», c'est-à-dire une entité créée, objectivée ou institutionnalisée. En s’appuyant sur l’analyse de Benedict Anderson sur l’émergence de la nation comme une communauté imaginaire et l’essor du nationalisme partout dans le monde, et en empruntant la méthodologie de « translingual practice » proposée par Lydia Liu, cette thèse a pour objectif de répondre aux trois questions suivantes : Comment la traduction de l’époque de fin de la dynastie Qing contribue à la genèse des conditions cognitive et psychologique favorable pour la conception de l’état-nation ? Comment la conception de l‘état-nation a-t-elle été traduite, diffusée et acceptée? Comment les intellectuels de l’époque se servent-ils de la traduction des romans étrangers comme soutien technique ou matériel pour imaginer une nouvelle nation ? / This doctoral dissertation approaches translation as an important site for producing meaning and knowledge, so as to highlight the essential role translation plays in human history, especially to bring more attention to the complex relationship between translation and nation. By adopting as a research model Benedict Anderson’s analysis of the rise of nation as an “imagined community”, and by employing Lydia H. Liu’s “translingual practice” as the main research method, this doctoral thesis aims to explore how translation practices contributed to Chinese people’s imagining of a new “nation” in late Qing era.This dissertation claims that translation in the late Qing era exerted great influence on Chinese people’s imagining of a modern and new nation: Firstly, translation of western geographic science and the international laws reshaped the world view of people in late Qing era, thus prompting Chinese people to reposition China in relation to the “Other”. Secondly, the western concept of "minzu guojia" was translated into Chinese in late Qing era, and was quickly integrated into political thoughts and popular discourses in China. Constructing a new and strong nation was a common goal and has fostered solidarity in the community. Thirdly, foreign fictions translated into Chinese had strong impacts on Chinese literature in late Qing era, making “fiction” a critical site for the imagining of nation. The future narrative first introduced into China through foreign fiction was quickly adopted as an effective strategy for imagining new China in various literary works. Besides, foreign fictions were very often rewritten for the purpose of enlightening the people for the construction of a strong and independent nation. / 本文以Benedict Anderson的“想象的共同体”理论为基础，结合刘禾提出的“跨语际实践”研究方法，试图考察晚清中国语境中的翻译实践如何促成了近代中国人士的民族国家想象。全文除导言外共由四个章节及结论组成。第一章为理论基础、研究思路陈述及随后各章具体研究问题的设定。本章首先指出，翻译对社会、文化、历史的影响方面的研究备受关注，翻译与民族国家建构之间的关系是其中一个重要研究问题。在众多有关民族国家兴起历史的研究当中，Benedict Anderson的“想象的共同体”理论专注于从社会、文化条件的变迁的角度来解释民族国家的建构，这为我们考察翻译与民族国家的关系提供了非常有启发意义的参考。笔者根据Anderson的理论分析思路，结合中国晚清语境的历史情况，确定了本文考察的三个方面的内容：晚清时期的翻译实践在民族国家共同体兴起之前的文化与认知条件形成过程中扮演的角色，翻译如何促成了“民族国家”概念与原型从西方向中国的传播和扩散，以及经由印刷媒体所传播的创作小说以及翻译小说如何承载了近代中国人士的民族国家想象。第二章指出晚清时期的翻译实践影响了近代中国人士的认知和心理，为民族国家想象创造了有利的条件。首先，西方地理、西方各国知识的翻译促成了晚清时期中国传统的“天下”观念的崩塌。晚清的中国人认识到中国传统的“天下”观念和体系已经不再适用，而接纳了以西方民族国家为基本单位构建起来的“世界万国”体系，为晚清民族国家共同体的想象提供了他者的对比参照,促使晚清中国人士对中国的地理位置以及国际地位进行重新定位。其次，翻译促成了华夏文化中心主义的衰退。甲午战争以后，在亡国灭种危机的沉重压力下，维新派人士纷纷建言，提倡翻译和学习西方、学习日本。译书强国话语逐渐驱散了华夏文化中心主义，进一步促使晚清中国人士在心理和认知层面重新定位中国文化。第三章着重考察西方的民族国家概念如何被译介到在晚清中国。在十九世纪末二十世纪初中国知识分子的写作中“民族国家”已经成为他们一致追求的目标，取代了“天下”与“王朝”成为了晚清人士认同的对象。而通过对晚清时期出版的英汉-汉英双语词典的考察，笔者认为西方的民族国家观念在近代中国的传播和接受经历了两个步骤，首先是“国家”概念的转型，其次是“民族”概念的译介。“主权”的译介推动了古代国家观念的转型，而作为现代国家观念核心的“主权”概念主要是通过国际公法译介到中国的。“民族”概念则是从日本转口输入到中国的，梁启超在这个这个概念最初引介的过程中起了很重要的作用。第四章：近代外国小说的翻译活动影响了晚清中国的小说的社会地位以及创作情况，可以说晚清小说翻译还为晚清中国人展开民族国家想象创造了重要的场域和手段。首先，翻译促使近代中国小说地位的提升以及小说创作局面的更新，使之成为民族国家想象的重要场所。其次，翻译为晚清小说家提供了想象民族国家的叙述手段。具体而言，传教士李提摩太翻译的《百年一觉》对晚清士人的影响非常深远，该小说中的未来叙述很快被中国小说家所接受并广泛运用到了他们的写作之中，借以展开他们对未来新中国的想象。再次，晚清的翻译小说也成为了开展民族国家想象的一个重要的场所。本文的创新之处体现在两个方面：首先这是一个跨学科的研究考察。本论文糅合了翻译研究、近代中国历史研究以及民族国家理论三个不同领域的研究成果，试图对近代中国史上的翻译实践对思想观念、历史与社会的影响，尤其是近代翻译如何促成了现代“民族国家”观念的兴起进行考察，将焦点放在“跨语际实践”过程中，这个研究有助于我们更好地把握近代中国历史的面貌。其次，本文关注的翻译实践是比较宽泛的翻译，除了备受关注的晚清小说翻译实践以外，还考察了国际法、双语词典等近代中国历史上重要的翻译文本。晚清翻译被视为中国翻译史上的一个高潮，但是对这个时期的翻译实践的历史性考察大多关注与文学翻译活动，而忽略了其他如社科书籍、字典、地图、法律文献等的翻译实践，而实际上后者对近代中国社会的影响更加深远，因此本文的研究有助于拓宽和丰富了近代中国翻译史研究。