Two different methodologies were used to attempt the synthesis of a novel P‐N ligand, denoted as PACNAC for the similarity to the analogous NACNAC and ACAC ligands. Although the synthesis of PACNAC was not successful, each methodology led to interesting discoveries. First, a number of lithium complexes of ketoimines were isolated and studied by Xray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy revealing some interesting substituent based effects on the structure, solubility and solution state behaviour. The X‐ray data of the two known and two related novel ketoimines were also collected and compared to the lithium complexes. Secondly, the synthesis of novel alkynyl imines along with the new alkynyl diimines by novel synthetic routes and studied by x‐ray crystallography, NMR, electrochemistry, and UV‐Visible spectra. / xvi, 134 leaves : ill. (some col.) ; 29 cm + 1 CD-ROM

O trabalho apresenta a síntese e a caracterização de novos compostos heterocíclicos benzazólicos dos tipos 2-(4’-aminofenil)-6-nitrobenzazóis fluorescentes por apresentar provável transferência de carga intramolecular no estado excitado (ICT) e iminas aromáticas basedas nos compostos 2-(4’-amino-2’- hidroxifenil)-6-nitrobenzazóis fluorescentes devido a mecanismo de transferência protônica intramolecular no estado excitado (ESIPT). Estes compostos foram caracterizados por espectroscopia de absorção na região do Infravermelho, ressonância magnética nuclear de hidrogênio (1H-RMN). Foram realizados estudos fotofísicos através das espectroscopia de absorção na região do ultravioleta-visível e de emissão de fluorescência, determinando assim, os prováveis estados eletrônicos excitados em solventes polares e apolares. / This work presents the synthesis and characterization of new fluorescent heterocyclic derivatives based on 2-(4'-aminophenyl)-6-nitrobenzazoles, as well as aromatic imines based on 2-(4'-amino-2'-hydroxyphenyl)-6-nitrobenzazoles. These molecules are photoactive due to an intramolecular proton transfer in the excited state (ESIPT) or a intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) mechanism. These compounds were characterized by infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance 1H-NMR. Photophysical studies were performed using the absorption spectroscopy in the ultraviolet-visible and fluorescence emission, thereby determining the excited electronic states in polar and nonpolar solvents.

Les élastomères siloxanes sont des thermodurcissables, réticulés chimiquement, qui ne peuvent être ni remis en forme, ni transférés sur un support autre que celui d'origine, ni recyclés. Afin d'apporter une réponse à ces limitations, nous avons cherché à développer des élastomères siloxanes vitrimères, les vitrimères étant des matériaux capables d'être remis en forme, réparés et soudés grâce à des réactions d'échange associatives catalysées se produisant dans le réseau et activées par élévation de la température. Dans la première approche, nous avons étudié la trans-siloxanation, réaction d'échange intrinsèque aux siloxanes vivants, catalysée par les anions silanolates SiO- présents dans le réseau. Cependant, le caractère vivant induit un équilibre entre le réseau et des cycles, ces derniers très volatils peuvent s'évaporer lors du chauffage, ce qui favorise alors la dépolymérisation du réseau par trans-siloxanation intramoléculaire. Il en résulte que ces élastomères vivants ne sont pas vitrimères, leur connectivité étant continument modifiée. Néanmoins, nous avons montré que l'ajout de carbonate de césium accélère la réaction d'échange et permet la soudure de deux joints d'élastomères dont au moins un est vivant. Dans la seconde approche, le caractère vitrimère repose sur des liens dynamiques imines au sein d'un réseau siloxane non vivant. L'avantage de ce lien étant d'être non seulement échangeable mais aussi dissociable dans certaines conditions douces, ces élastomères siloxanes ont pu être remis en forme et recyclés. Enfin, l'introduction de charges de silice a permis d'améliorer leurs propriétés mécaniques sans toutefois altérer leurs propriétés vitrimères. / The polysiloxane elastomers are thermosets, chemically cross-linked, that can neither be reshaped, transferred on a support different from their original one nor recyclable. In order to overcome these limitations, siloxane elastomer vitrimers have been developed, the vitrimers being materials able to be reshaped, repaired and welded thanks to catalyzed and thermo-activated associative exchange reactions occurring within the network. In a first approach, we studied the trans-siloxanation, the intrinsic exchange reaction of living siloxanes, catalyzed by the silanolate anion SiO-. Nevertheless, this living nature leads to equilibrium between the network and cycles, that can evaporate upon heating and cause the depolymerisation of the network by intramolecular trans-siloxanation. The living elastomers are thus not vitrimer since their connectivity is continuously modified. However, we have shown that the addition of caesium carbonate accelerates the exchange reaction and allows the welding of two joints with at least one living. In the second approach, the vitrimer behaviour relies on imine dynamic bonds introduced into a non living network (no silanolate anion). As this bond is exchangeable but also dissociable under soft conditions, imine siloxane elastomers can not only be reshaped and but also recycled. Finally, the introduction of silica charges improves the mechanical properties without altering the vitrimer properties.

O trabalho apresenta a síntese e a caracterização de novos compostos heterocíclicos benzazólicos dos tipos 2-(4’-aminofenil)-6-nitrobenzazóis fluorescentes por apresentar provável transferência de carga intramolecular no estado excitado (ICT) e iminas aromáticas basedas nos compostos 2-(4’-amino-2’- hidroxifenil)-6-nitrobenzazóis fluorescentes devido a mecanismo de transferência protônica intramolecular no estado excitado (ESIPT). Estes compostos foram caracterizados por espectroscopia de absorção na região do Infravermelho, ressonância magnética nuclear de hidrogênio (1H-RMN). Foram realizados estudos fotofísicos através das espectroscopia de absorção na região do ultravioleta-visível e de emissão de fluorescência, determinando assim, os prováveis estados eletrônicos excitados em solventes polares e apolares. / This work presents the synthesis and characterization of new fluorescent heterocyclic derivatives based on 2-(4'-aminophenyl)-6-nitrobenzazoles, as well as aromatic imines based on 2-(4'-amino-2'-hydroxyphenyl)-6-nitrobenzazoles. These molecules are photoactive due to an intramolecular proton transfer in the excited state (ESIPT) or a intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) mechanism. These compounds were characterized by infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance 1H-NMR. Photophysical studies were performed using the absorption spectroscopy in the ultraviolet-visible and fluorescence emission, thereby determining the excited electronic states in polar and nonpolar solvents.

Nos últimos anos, questões ambientais têm merecido destaque na mídia nacional e internacional. A química tem uma grande participação nos dias atuais com os inúmeros produtos fundamentais à humanidade. A sua presença pode ser destacada desde diversos combustíveis aos mais complexos medicamentos. As reações de síntese orgânica devem ser guiadas por novas práticas mais sustentáveis. Nesse campo, tem-se o conceito da Green Chemistry ou Química Verde, que consiste na estratégia em desenvolver metodologias e processos que usem e gerem a menor quantidade de materiais tóxicos e/ou inflamáveis ou reaproveitáveis. Com o intuito de contribuir com a Química Verde, estudou-se a síntese de iminas que consistiu da primeira etapa do processo de aminação livre de solventes orgânicos e apresentaram rendimentos superiores a 95,0 %; gem-dicloroaziridinas foram preparadas a partir de inserção de diclorocarbeno em iminas em condições mínimas de solvente orgânico, utilizando como catalisador o KF/Al2O3 e com rendimentos superiores a 98,0%. As gem-dicloroaziridinas foram convertidas em amidas por hidrolise, na ausência de solvente e com rendimentos superiores a 98,0%. Dentro do conceito de Química Verde foram preparadas as seis iminas: N-benzilfenilmetanoimina, N-fenil-furilmetanoimina, N-fenilfenilmetanoimina, N-fenil-(4-metoxifenil)-metanoimina, N-benzil-(4-metoxifenil)metanoimina e N-furfurilfurilmetanoimina; duas gem-dicloroaziridinas: 2,2-dicloro-1,3-difenilaziridina e 1-benzil-2,2-dicloro-3-fenilaziridina e duas amidas: cloro-fenilacetanilida e N-benzil-cloro-fenilacetamida. / For the last years Environmental issues have deserved featured in the National and International media. Chemistry has had great participation on currently days with countless products which are fundamental to humanity. Its presence can be detached from various fuels to the most complex drugs.The organic synthesis reactions should be guided by more sustainable new practices. In this field, the Green Chemistry concept or (Química Verde) strategy which aims to develop methodology and and/or processes which use and generate the minimum quality of toxic inflammable material. With the purpose of contribute to green chemistry, we studied the synthesis of imines which consisted of the first stage of the process of amination, free of organic solvents and have yields higher than 95%; gem-dichloroaziridine were prepared from the imines insertion dichlorocarbene in a minimum of organic solvent conditions, using as catalyst KF/Al2O3 and yields higher than 98%. The gem-dichloroaziridines were converted to amides by hydrolysis in absence of solvent and yields higher than 98.0%. Within the concept of Green Chemistry were prepared six imines: N-benzyl- phenylmethanimine, N-phenyl-2- furylmethanimine, N-phenyl- phenylmethanimine, N-phenyl-(4-methoxyphenyl)methanimine, N-benzyl-(4-methoxyphenyl)metha-nimine,N-(2-furylmethyl)-2-furylmethanimine; two gem-dichloroaziridinas: 2,2-dichloro-1,3-diphenyla-ziridine and 1-benzyl-2,2-dichloro-3-phenylaziridine and two amides: chlorophenylacetanilide and N-benzyl-chloro-phenylacetamide.

O trabalho apresenta a síntese e a caracterização de novos compostos heterocíclicos benzazólicos dos tipos 2-(4’-aminofenil)-6-nitrobenzazóis fluorescentes por apresentar provável transferência de carga intramolecular no estado excitado (ICT) e iminas aromáticas basedas nos compostos 2-(4’-amino-2’- hidroxifenil)-6-nitrobenzazóis fluorescentes devido a mecanismo de transferência protônica intramolecular no estado excitado (ESIPT). Estes compostos foram caracterizados por espectroscopia de absorção na região do Infravermelho, ressonância magnética nuclear de hidrogênio (1H-RMN). Foram realizados estudos fotofísicos através das espectroscopia de absorção na região do ultravioleta-visível e de emissão de fluorescência, determinando assim, os prováveis estados eletrônicos excitados em solventes polares e apolares. / This work presents the synthesis and characterization of new fluorescent heterocyclic derivatives based on 2-(4'-aminophenyl)-6-nitrobenzazoles, as well as aromatic imines based on 2-(4'-amino-2'-hydroxyphenyl)-6-nitrobenzazoles. These molecules are photoactive due to an intramolecular proton transfer in the excited state (ESIPT) or a intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) mechanism. These compounds were characterized by infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance 1H-NMR. Photophysical studies were performed using the absorption spectroscopy in the ultraviolet-visible and fluorescence emission, thereby determining the excited electronic states in polar and nonpolar solvents.

Submitted by Geandra Rodrigues (geandrar@gmail.com) on 2018-10-11T17:19:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 rodrigomanoeldasilvajusto.pdf: 3782513 bytes, checksum: 8fe8e477946fd755b8b6786ffe63347b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-10-16T14:32:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 rodrigomanoeldasilvajusto.pdf: 3782513 bytes, checksum: 8fe8e477946fd755b8b6786ffe63347b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-16T14:32:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 rodrigomanoeldasilvajusto.pdf: 3782513 bytes, checksum: 8fe8e477946fd755b8b6786ffe63347b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-07-27 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Nanopartículas de ouro (AuNPs) estabilizadas com diferentes compostos orgânicos tem-se comportado como excelentes catalisadores de reações orgânicas como oxidação. Assim, torna-se interessante o estudo da preparação e caracterização de diferentes AuNPs e avaliar seu comportamento frente a catálise de reações de oxirredução. Neste trabalho foram sintetizadas nanoparticulas metálicas de ouro estabilizadas com o aminoácido N-acetil-L-cisteína (NAC-AuNPs) e sua atividade catalítica frente a aldeídos aromáticos e aminas foi investigado. NAC-AuNPs foram caracterizadas por técnicas espectroscópicas de absorção no UV-VIS, espalhamento Raman e espalhamento raman intensificado por superfície (SERS – Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering), medida do potencial zeta através do espalhamento dinâmico de luz (DLS –Dynamic Light Scattering) e microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). No presente trabalho, NAC-AuNPs foram obtidas de forma satisfatória com dimensões da ordem de 25 nm e inicialmente promoveram a oxidação do benzaldeído em condições brandas (diclorometano como solvente, temperatura ambiente, 48 horas de reação sob agitação) a ácido benzoico com uma conversão de 97%. Posteriormente, a tentativa de obter uma amida através da adição de octilamina e cloridrato de 1-Etil-3-(3-dimetilaminopropil) carbodiimida (EDC, ativador de ácido carboxílico) ao mesmo sistema reacional sob agitação por 24 horas (amidação one-pot) conduziu espantosamente a formação de uma imina com excelente conversão e rendimento (>99% e 98%). A partir daí, experimentos controles concluíram que a presença do ativador EDC era dispensável e que a presença de NAC-AuNPs era de extrema importância para a formação de uma imina a partir do benzaldeído tendo um ácido carboxílico como intermediário. Uma nova otimização contendo a octilamina na segunda etapa da reação foi feita para obtenção de iminas no novo sistema trabalhado e os resultados mostraram que DCM e NAC-AuNPs a 3,6 x 10-3 % m/V se mostraram como melhores condições reacionais (conversão de > 99%). Avaliou-se o escopo do substrato nas condições ótimas estabelecidas acima, com diferentes aldeídos aromáticos e aminas aromáticas e alifáticas, onde iminas puderam ser obtidas com rendimentos bons a excelentes (67% a 99%). Todos os produtos foram caracterizados por RMN de 1H e 13C; sendo que produtos que foram obtidos no estado sólido também puderam ser caracterizados por difração de raio X de pó (DRX). / Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) stabilized with different organic compounds have behaved as excellent catalysts for organic reactions such as oxidation. Thus, it is interesting to study the preparation and characterization of different AuNPs and evaluate their reactivity towards the catalysis of oxidation reactions. In this work, gold nanoparticles stabilized with the aminoacid N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC-AuNPs) were synthesized and their catalytic activity towards aromatic aldehydes and amines was investigated. NAC-AuNPs were characterized through ultraviolet and visible absorption spectroscopy UV-VIS, Raman scattering spectroscopy and Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS), zeta potential measurement through Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In the present work, NAC-AuNPs were satisfactorily obtained with dimensions around 25 nm and firstly promoted the oxidation of benzaldehyde under mild conditions (dichloromethane as solvent, ambient temperature, 48 hours of reaction under stirring) to benzoic acid with a conversion of 97%. Subsequently, the attempt to obtain an amide by adding octylamine and 1-Ethyl-3- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydro (EDC, carboxylic acid activator) to the same reaction system under stirring for 24 hours (one-pot amidation) led amazingly to the formation of an imine with excellent conversion and yield (> 99% and 98% respectively). Thereafter, control experiments concluded that the presence of EDC was dispensable and that the presence of NAC-AuNPs was of extreme importance for the formation of an imine from the benzaldehyde having a carboxylic acid as intermediate. A new optimization containing the octylamine in the second stage of the reaction was executed in order to obtain imines in the new working system, and the results showed that DCM and NAC-AuNPs at 3.6 x 10-3% m / V were presented as the optimum reaction condition (conversion of > 99%). The substrate scope was evaluated under the optimum conditions set forth above with different aromatic aldehydes and aromatic and aliphatic amines, in which imines could be obtained in good to excellent yields (67% to 99%). All products were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR; products that were obtained as powders could also be characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD).

Rhodium-catalysed enantioselective allylation reaction of imines in the presence of chiral diene ligands has been investigated. Under the optimised conditions, cyclic imines provided homoallylic amines in high yield and excellent enantioselectivities. The reaction most likely proceeds via allylrhodium(I) intermediates, and represents the first rhodium-catalysed enantioselective nucleophilic allylation of π-electrophiles with allylboron compounds. Furthermore, the allylations display a strong preference for carbon–carbon bond formation at the more substituted terminus of the allyl fragment of the allyltrifluoroborate. To demonstrate the utility of the allylation products, representative manipulations were conducted. Enantioselective Nickel-Catalysed Michael Additions of 2-Acetylazaarenes to Nitroalkenes An enantioselective Michael addition of acylazaarenes with α-substituted β-nitroacrylates in the presence of a chiral Ni(II)–bis(oxazoline) complexes has been developed. A range of azaaryl nucleophiles were shown to react with a variety of nitroalkenes to construct highly functionalised Michael addition products which contain a stereogenic all-carbon quaternary stereocentre with moderate to high yields and enantioselectivities. A possible mechanism for this reaction has been proposed.

Nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds are very important to the pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries, among others. Over the past few years, the Beauchemin group has been exploring reactivity of N-substituted isocyanates and as part of this has developed a metal-free alkene aminocarbonylation process relying on imino-isocyanates to form azomethine imines. The azomethine imines formed are interesting since they contain a cyclic β-aminocarbonyl motif. Catalysis of this reaction using basic additives allowed milder reaction conditions with electron-rich C=C bonds such as enol ethers. Efforts have also been made towards the derivatization of these azomethine imines into useful products. It was discovered that upon reduction and aromatization of azomethine imines, pyrazolones could be obtained. This is providing a novel modular approach to these compounds, which have relevance in pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. This reactivity was extended to include imino-isothiocyanates.

No description available.