The Upper Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) Belqa Group in Jordan consists predominantly of organic-rich carbonate mudrocks that represent excellent source rocks but are still immature to just entering the oil window. Therefore, they offer a unique opportunity to study lithology, source rock composition, and geochemistry prior to the onset of maturation and expulsion of hydrocarbons. Our study examines the lithological and geochemical characteristics of these high-quality source rocks. To define the lithofacies and analyze the heterogeneities, 23 samples were investigated for their composition and texture using optical microscopy, SEM/EDS, XRD, and XRF). Geochemistry analyses were based on total organic carbon (TOC), Rock-Eval pyrolysis, and vitrinite reflectance. Four lithofacies were defined in this study: Strongly bioturbated calcareous mudstone (LF1), Slightly laminated calcareous mudstone (LF2), Parallel laminated calcareous mudstone to wackestone (LF3), Fine to coarse silicified wackestone to packstone (LF4), all containing significant organic content (TOC varies from 6 to 20 wt.%) and Sulphur contents (1.3-4.7 wt.%). Kerogen types are predominantly II-S with high HI (Hydrogen Index) values of >700 mg HC/g TOC. XRD results show that the rocks are mainly composed of calcite (75% on average) and quartz (10% on average). Minor amounts of clay (< 7%), pyrite (up to 6%), gypsum (up to 4%), and dolomite (up to 3%) also exist. Our results evidenced the high heterogeneity in the lithofacies of the MCM formation samples. Despite the traditional interpretation of low-energy suspension settling, we demonstrated the presence of bottom currents during the deposition of the Upper Cretaceous source rocks in Jordan (ripples, rip-up mud, reworking material, and fossil-rich lenses) and insight into the bottom water conditions (anoxic and oxic). The integration of the data obtained through the different techniques used in this study, together with the unique characteristics of these source rocks, allowed the characterization of the geological and geochemical properties of the defined lithofacies associations in these immature, Upper Cretaceous source rocks. This, in turn, helped to better evaluate the occurrence and distribution of the different litho- and organic facies and estimate hydrocarbon source potential.

No description available.

Les récents développements de la morphométrie géométrique ouvrent de nouvelles voies de recherche en anthropobiologie, notamment dans le cadre de l'étude du dimorphisme sexuel. Les données de la littérature concernant le dimorphisme de l'os coxal immature sont moins nombreuses que chez les individus matures, et présentent surtout des conclusions discordantes. Cette étude évalue le dimorphisme sexuel de l'os coxal immature par géométrie morphométrique à partir d'une série de 400 examens tomodensitométriques, d'enfants de la naissance à l'âge de 18 ans. Cette méthode par l'extraction de la taille centroide permet l'étude du dimorphisme sexuel de taille et par l'étude des résidus Procrustes l'étude du dimorphisme sexuel de conformation. Les variations de taille et de conformation ainsi identifiées, sont quantifiées, visualisées et discutées. Le dimorphisme sexuel de l'os coxal immature est un phénomène dépendant de l'âge, se manifestant à la fois par des différences de taille et/ou de conformation. / Recent developments in geometric morphometrics open new research ways in biological anthropology. Sex estimation is one of the most frequently encountered issues in forensic medecine. While in the case of adults, there are fewer studies conducted to determine immature coxal bone sex differences and the results are often contradictory. This study evaluates the degree of sexual dimorphism of immature coxal bone using geometric morphometrics. .We studied sexually dimorphic differences in the coxal using geometric morphometric analysis of 17 osteometric landmarks recorded by multislice computed tomography (MSCT), based on 3D reconstructions of 400 children of mixed origins living in the area of Toulouse, southern France, and aged from birth to 18 years. We used geometric morphometrics methodology firstly to test sexual dimorphism in size (centroid size) and shape (Procrustes residuals), and secondly to examine patterns of shape change with age (development) and size change with age (growth). Trajectories of shape (development) and size (growth) differed throughout ontogeny and between sexes. . Immature coxal bone sexual dimorphism is an age-dependent phenomenon both manifesting by size and/or shape differences.

No description available.

Fire blight, caused by Erwinia amylovora, is a serious disease, which attacks plants within the family of Rosaceae. This bacterial disease causes major problems in the cultivation of pears (Pyrus communis) around the world. The occurrence of the disease is still geographically limited to certain areas in Sweden and neighbouring countries. However, increasing temperatures due to climate change and the relative unawareness of the public, augment the risk of its spread. Within the EU, there are no approved antibiotics for use in pear orchards. Within the species of P. communis, cultivars vary in their susceptibility to fire blight. Many scientists believe that new, resistant cultivars and rootstocks are important tools to enable pome fruit cultivation in the future.In this study,the susceptibility of some Swedish pear heirloom cultivars to E. amylovora was investigated by using immature pear fruit. The bacteria were introduced into immature pear fruit by using defined concentrations of inoculum. The fruit were incubated at 25°C, and disease severity was recorded over time. Disease was measured and recorded as the extent of lateral lesion size on the surfaces of the pear fruit. No definite differences in disease development were recorded across the concentrations tested. The cultivars were compared to one another, and ranked according to susceptibility. The most susceptible to the least susceptible were: `Sollerö´ &gt; `Unknown Gävle´ = `Esperens herre´ = `Aspa´ &gt; `Höstbergamott´ &gt; `Göteborgs Diamant´ &gt; `Conference´ = `Lilla dalpilen´ = `Carola´ &gt; `Alexander Lukas´ = `Blodpäron´ = `Bonne Louise´. The results could have become clearer if immature fruit of younger physiological age had been used. Nevertheless, the ranking of some cultivars agrees with the published results of others.

Dans un contexte où la demande sociétale de bonheur croît parallèlement aux diverses expressions du mal-être, y compris au travail, le bonheur fait l’objet de propositions éducatives - jusqu’à présent, l’éducation ciblait plutôt sur un bonheur différé. Leur apparition jouxte les découvertes scientifiques en psychologie positive, qui mettent à jour la possibilité d’améliorer son bonheur par des facteurs endogènes. Cette recherche vise la caractérisation des dispositifs d’éducatifs au bonheur. Le bonheur étant un construit polysémique, nous avons analysé les conceptualisations, parfois divergentes, du bonheur, pour aboutir à la proposition d’un modèle intégratif. Le bonheur n’apparaît pas comme un état statique ou un but, mais comme un processus motivationnel contribuant à la gestion de nos ressources, nous permettant d’agir et d’évoluer dans nos environnements. Le modèle est conforté par une première étude auprès un échantillon de 33 personnes. La deuxième étude concerne l’analyse qualitative des principes et modalités d’apprentissage proposé par un échantillon diversifié de cinq éducateurs d’adultes au bonheur. Elle révèle que le bonheur peut s’apprendre et que cela permet d’obtenir un état de bonheur plus durable. Des postulats communs se dégagent, malgré des approches très différentes. Ils concernent la compréhension et la prise de conscience des mécanismes intérieurs en œuvre dans nos actions et nos interactions avec l’environnement, et le développement de capacités essentielles, conatives, émotionnelles et cognitives, non intégrées par l’éducation initiale. L’apprentissage est socioconstructiviste et expérientiel. Les méthodes employées présentent des divergences, et notre modèle s’avère capable de positionner chaque mode d’apprentissage du bonheur, non seulement des cinq cas étudiés, mais, par extension, des multiples représentations du bonheur. Les retombées sont avant tout scientifiques sur l’avancée de la compréhension de la nature et du rôle du bonheur, et pratiques dans le domaine de la formation adulte et de la qualité de vie au travail.

The diploma thesis engages in rehabilitation of families with inexperienced mothers, who are immature to handle the role of mother. Thesis is divided into six chapters, where five chapters are theoretical and one is practical. Theoretical part is focused on the term inexperienced mother in raising a child, family rehabilitation, types of threats for child, communication techniques used in rehabilitation of families and options of assistance. Practical part is based on findings from theoretical part and is accomplished in form of qualitative research, using the method of interviews with social workers from OSPOD. In this part the main research question and two minor research questions are formulated. Research is then analyzed a displayed in graphs. Next comes summary of results, discussion and conclusion. Key words Family rehabilitation, immature mother, problematic family, endangered child

O objetivo desse estudo in vivo foi avaliar a intensidade de expressão de moléculas indicadoras da diferenciação celular com fenótipo mineralizador em dentes de cães com rizogênese incompleta e lesão periapical induzida experimentalmente submetidos à irrigação dos canais radiculares por pressão apical negativa (EndoVac®) e à irrigação por pressão apical positiva (irrigação convencional). Foram utilizados 30 dentes (60 raízes), divididos em 3 grupos: Grupo EndoVac® Irrigação com pressão apical negativa (n=20), Grupo Convencional Irrigação com pressão apical positiva (n=20); e Grupo Controle com Lesão Periapical (n=20). Após indução de lesões periapicais, os canais radiculares dos grupos Endovac e Convencional foram instrumentados com limas manuais, empregando o sistema de irrigação correspondente. Decorridos 90 dias, os animais foram eutanasiados e os espécimes submetidos ao processamento histotécnico. Cortes representativos de cada grupo foram corados com hematoxilina e eosina (HE), para descrição histopatológica das regiões apical e periapical. Os cortes foram submetidos à para marcação de osteopontina (OPN), fosfatase alcalina (ALP) e fator de transcrição RUNX2 nas regiões apical e periapical das raízes. Para avaliação da intensidade da expressão desses marcadores foi realizada uma análise semi-quantitativa por meio de um sistema de escores. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente pelo teste não-paramétrico de Kruskal-Wallis e pós-teste de Dunn e o nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. Com relação à descrição histopatológica, achados distintos foram observados em cada grupo. Resumidamente, o grupo Endovac demonstrou um tecido conjuntivo bem organizado, invaginando-se para o interior do canal radicular, e exibiu um processo de reparo mais avançado, com relação aos demais grupos. A avaliação das imunomarcações para RUNX2 revelou que no grupo Endovac® houve marcação significantemente mais intensa (p=0,03), em comparação ao grupo controle. Com relação à expressão de OPN, não foi possível encontrar diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos (p=0,15). Após análise das imunomarcações para ALP, observou-se diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos (p=0,0021), sendo que o grupo Endovac® apresentou marcação significantemente mais intensa com relação ao grupo controle. Os resultados do presente estudo in vivo permitiram concluir que a irrigação por pressão apical negativa (EndoVac®) apresentou potencial mineralizador, indicando ser o melhor sistema de irrigação para dentes com ápice incompleto e lesão periapical / The objective of this in vivo study was to evaluate the expression intensity of molecules indicating cell differentiation with mineralizing phenotype in immature dogs teeth with experimentally induced apical periodontitis subjected to irrigation of root canals using negative apical pressure (EndoVac®) and positive apical pressure (conventional irrigation). Thirty teeth (60 roots) were divided into 3 groups: EndoVac® Group - negative apical pressure irrigation (n=20), Conventional Group - positive apical pressure irrigation (n=20); and Control Group with apical periodontitis (n=20). After induction of periapical lesions, the root canals of the EndoVac ® and Conventional groups were instrumented with hand files, using the corresponding irrigation system. After 90 days, the animals were euthanized and the specimens were submitted to histotechnical processing. Representative sections of each group were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) for histopathological description of the apical and periapical regions. The sections were submitted to osteopontin (OPN), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and RUNX2 transcription factor Immunostaining in the apical and periapical regions of the roots. A semi-quantitative analysis was performed to evaluate the expression intensity of these markers, using a score system. Data were statistically analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test and Dunn post-test, and the significance level was set at 5%. Regarding the histopathological description, different findings were observed in each group. Briefly, the EndoVac® group demonstrated a well-organized connective tissue, invaginating into the root canal, and exhibited a more advanced repair process in relation to the other groups. RUNX2 immunostaining revealed that in the EndoVac® group there was a significantly stronger (p=0.03) immunostaining in comparison to the control group. Regarding the OPN expression, it was not possible to find a statistically significant difference between the groups (p=0.15). After analyzing ALP immunostaining, a statistically significant difference was observed between the groups (p=0.0021), and the EndoVac® group showed a markedly stronger mark immunostaining than the control group. The results of the present in vivo study allowed concluding that negative apical pressure irrigation (EndoVac®) presented mineralizing potential, indicating that it is the best irrigation system for teeth with an open apex and apical periodontitis

Syssphinx molina (Cramer) é considerada uma espécie de interesse fitossanitário, pois pode ser praga de algumas plantas cultivadas pelo homem, além disso, em lavouras de monoculturas podem ocorrer acidentes com as larvas dessa espécie, causando dermatites nos trabalhadores. O principal objetivo desse estudo é obter e caracterizar as células embrionárias indiferenciadas de Syssphinx molina. Ovos da espécie serão obtidos através de mariposas fêmeas grávidas, coletadas pela equipe da Coleção Zoológica do Maranhão (CZMA), da Universidade Estadual do Maranhão (UEMA), Campus Caxias. Os ovos foram caracterizados e comparados com ovos de outras espécies filogeneticamente próximas à S. molina. Culturas primárias de células embrionárias de S. molina foram cultivadas por 20 dias, ocorreram duas passagens e procedeu-se com o congelamento. Após descongelamento das células ocorreram 10 passagens. Foram analisadas amostras de células de cada passagem para obter dados do ciclo célular e características das células através de uso de marcadores: Anti-Axons, Anti-Caspase 3 ativa, Anti-CD105, Anti-CD117, Anti-CD24, Anti-CD43, Anti-CD73, Anti-CD90/Thy1, Anti-Ciclina D1, Anti GM 130, Anti-HLA DR, Anti-HSP47, Anti-HSP70,. Anti-KI67, Anti-MCP1, Anti- Oct 3/4, Anti-p53, Anti RAB 5, Anti-SSEA4, Anti-Stro-1, Anti-TGF beta 1, Anti-Vimentina e Schneider L2. Pela primeira vez é determinado um protocolo para resfriamento de ovos de S. molina, assim como protocolo para cultura primária e secundária de células embrionárias dessa espécie. São analisadas também as idades gestacionais dos ovos de S. molina e comparadas com ovos de outras espécies de mariposas da mesma subfamília. A análise de ciclo celular e marcadores confirmam a alta taxa de proliferação das células, no entanto, a análise com os anticorpos Anti-Caspase 3 ativa e Anti-P53 mostrou o percentual de morte celular programada (apoptose) é, geralmente, maior que 25% nas populações de células analisadas. Os marcadores Anti GM130 e Anti RAB 5, que participam, respectivamente, do recrutamento de proteínas pela fase cis do aparelho de Golgi e do processo de maturação do endossoma, marcaram mais de 50% das células das amostras analisadas. Anti-HLA-DR, que revela proteínas da membrana do linfócito T, com um percentual geralmente superior a 30% de marcação. Dentre os marcadores de células multi e pluripotentes, aquele que marcou maior taxa de células foi Anti- CD117, que se liga em células estaminais hematopoiéticas. Todos os anticorpos utilizados para marcar células do sistema hematopoiético (Anti-CD24, Anti-CD43, Anti-CD73, Anti-CD90/Thy1, Anti-HLA DR e Anti-MCP1) foram expressos nas células cultivadas de S. molina. Portanto, entende-se que os insetos, a exemplo de S. molina, são um grupo que possuem atividades metabólicas complexas e o entendimento dessas atividades permitirá, no futuro, delinear novas formas de controle biológico. Além disso, os dados inéditos sobre o sistema hematopoiético dos insetos apresentado nesse trabalho, além constitui um subsídio fundamental para estabelecer futuros modelos importantes para estudos de estratégias de controle biológico, como também poderá auxiliar no desenvolvimento de técnicas para combater doenças transmitidas por insetos. / Syssphinx molina (Cramer) is considered a species of phytosanitary interest, it can be curse of some plants cultivated by man, in addition, in monoculture plantations, accidents may occur with the larvae of this species, causing dermatitis in workers. The main objective of this study is to obtain and characterize the undifferentiated embryonic cells of Syssphinx molina. Eggs of the species will be obtained through pregnant female moths, collected by the team of the Coleção Zoológica do Maranhão (CZMA), Universidade Estadual do Maranhão (UEMA), Campus Caxias-MA. The eggs were characterized and compared with eggs of other phylogenetically close species of S. molina. Primary cultures of S. molina embryonic cells were cultured for 20 days, Two passes occurred and proceeded with freezing. After thawing of the cells, there were 10 passes. Cell samples from each passage were analyzed to obtain cell cycle data and cell characteristics through the use of markers: Anti-Axons, Anti-Caspase 3 ativa, Anti-CD105, Anti-CD117, Anti-CD24, Anti-CD43, Anti-CD73, Anti-CD90/Thy1, Anti-Ciclina D1, Anti GM 130, Anti-HLA DR, Anti-HSP47, Anti-HSP70,. Anti-KI67, Anti-MCP1, Anti- Oct 3/4, Anti-p53, Anti RAB 5, Anti-SSEA4, Anti-Stro-1, Anti-TGF beta 1, Anti-Vimentina e Schneider L2. For the first time a protocol for cooling eggs of S. molina is determined, as well as protocol for primary and secondary culture of embryonic cells of this species. The gestational age of S. molina eggs and compared to eggs of other species of moths of the same subfamily. Cell cycle analysis and markers confirm the high rate of cell proliferation, however, analysis with the active Anti-Caspase 3 and Anti-P53 antibodies showed the percentage of programmed cell death (apoptosis) is generally greater than 25 % in the analyzed cell populations. Markers Anti GM130 and anti RAB 5, which participate respectively, recruitment of proteins by cis phase of the Golgi apparatus and endosome maturation process, scored more than 50% of the cells in the samples analyzed. Anti-HLA-DR, which reveals T lymphocyte membrane proteins, with a percentage generally greater than 30% labeling. Among the multi- and pluripotent cell markers, the one that scored the highest cell rate was Anti-CD117, which binds to hematopoietic stem cells. All antibodies used to label cells from the hematopoietic system (Anti-CD24, Anti-CD43, Anti-CD73, Anti-CD90 / Thy1, Anti-HLA DR and Anti-MCP1) were expressed in the cultured cells of S. molina. Therefore, it is understood that insects, like S. molina, are a group that has complex metabolic activities and the understanding of these activities will, in the future, outline new forms of biological control. In addition, the unpublished data on the hamatopoietic system of insects presented in this work, beyond is a key benefit to establish future important models for studies of biological control strategies, but may also assist in the development of techniques to combat diseases transmitted by insects.

A tribo Omocerini, proposta por Hincks, inclui atualmente sete gêneros (Canistra Erichson, Carlobruchia Spaeth, Cassidinoma Hincks, Cyclosoma Guérin-Meneville, Discomorpha Chevrolat, Omocerus Chevrolat e Polychalca Chevrolat), 17 subgêneros e 147 espécies. Considerando que os estudos filogenéticos de Cassidinae nunca incluíram todos os gêneros e subgêneros da tribo e que sinonímias e mudanças taxonômicas vêm sendo propostas sem embasamento filogenético, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a monofilia da tribo e propor hipóteses sobre as relações entre seus gêneros e subgêneros e testar a validade dos mesmos. Foram analisadas 46 espécies de Omocerini como grupo-interno e 14 espécies de outras seis tribos de Cassidinae como grupo-externo, utilizando 230 caracteres morfológicos (200 referentes a adultos e 30 a imaturos). A análise filogenética com pesos iguais resultou em nove árvores igualmente parcimoniosas com 1101 passos. Na análise com pesagem implícita dos caracteres (K=3) apenas uma árvore foi encontrada. As árvores resultantes de todas as análises corroboram a monofilia da tribo Omocerini com base em 13 sinapomorfias (seis exclusivas). O grupo-irmão de Omocerini é o clado que representa a tribo Stolaini (Mesomphalia gibbosa (Chelymorpha cribraria + Stolas lacordairei)), hipótese de relacionamento nunca proposta anteriormente. As relações encontradas entre os grandes grupos de Omocerini foram: ((Carlobruchia (Cassidinoma (\"Polychalca\" + \"Omocerus\"))) + (Canistra (\"Cyclosoma\" + \"Discomorpha\"))). Os gêneros Cyclosoma, Discomorpha, Omocerus e Polychalca são parafiléticos. Canistra apresenta-se monofilético e grupo-irmão de (\"Cyclosoma\" + \"Discomorpha\"). Carlobruchia é considerado monofilético baseado na análise com pesagem implícita, sendo grupo-irmão de: (Cassidinoma (\"Polychalca\" + \"Omocerus\")). Polychalca foi considerado sinônimo junior de Omocerus e Discomorpha sinônimo junior de Cyclosoma e apenas os sinônimos senior foram considerados válidos. A monofilia dos subgêneros de Omocerini não é suportada nas análises realizadas, portanto, estes não devem ser utilizados como agrupamentos taxonômicos. / The tribe Omocerini, proposed by Hincks, currently comprises seven genera (Canistra Erichson, Carlobruchia Spaeth, Cassidinoma Hincks, Cyclosoma Guerin- Meneville, Discomorpha Chevrolat, Omocerus Chevrolat e Polychalca Chevrolat), 17 subgenera, and 147 species. Given that phylogenetic studies of Cassidinae have never included data regarding all genera and subgenera of the tribe, and synonymization and taxonomic category changes have been proposed without phylogenetic basis, this study aims to evaluate the monophyly of Omocerini based on morphological characters, propose a relationship hypothesis between its genera and subgenera and test their validity. Forty six species of Omocerini were included as ingroup and 14 species of six tribes of Cassidinae representing the outgroup, were analyzed based in 230 morphological characters 200 from adults and 30 from immature). The phylogenetic analysis with equal weighting of the characters yielded nine fundamental trees with 1101 steps. The analysis under implied weighting (k=3) resulted in a single most fit cladogram. The monophyly of the tribe was corroborated in all analysis, with 13 sinapomorphies (six exclusive) supporting it. The sister-group of Omocerini is the clade representing the Stolaini (Mesomphalia gibbosa (Chelymorpha cribraria + Stolas lacordairei)), a relationship hypothesis never proposed before. The relationships obtained between the subunits of Omocerini were: ((Carlobruchia (Cassidinoma (\"Polychalca\" + \"Omocerus\"))) + (Canistra (\"Cyclosoma\" + \"Discomorpha\"))). The genera Cyclosoma, Discomorpha, Omocerus and Polychalca are paraphyletic. Canistra is monophyletic and as the sistergroup of (\"Cyclosoma\" + \"Discomorpha\"). Carlobruchia is considered monophyletic based on the analysis under implied weighting and is sister-group of (Cassidinoma (\"Polychalca\" + \"Omocerus\")). Polychalca is considered a junior synonym of Omocerus and Discomorpha a junior synonym of Cyclosoma, and only the senior synonyms were considered valid. The monophyly of the subgenera of Omocerini were not supported by the analysis, therefore these should not be used as taxonomic groupings.