Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1960.

Thesis (doctoral)--Copenhagen.

京都大学 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(人間健康科学) / 乙第13430号 / 論人健博第8号 / 新制||人健||6(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科人間健康科学系専攻 / (主査)教授 黒木 裕士, 教授 青山 朋樹, 教授 松田 秀一 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Human Health Sciences / Kyoto University / DFAM

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As a teaching approach, digital game-based learning (DGBL) has grown in popularity and can positively influence students' motivational perceptions in difficult subjects, such as mathematics. DGBL has the capability to provide immediate feedback to students that can impact their results and experiences during gameplay; specifically, research studies have supported the conclusion that immediate feedback featured in DGBL can positively influence elementary students' self-efficacy and motivation related to DGBL gameplay. However, few studies have investigated the specific types of immediate feedback featured in DGBL within elementary mathematics. The purpose of this qualitative study was to investigate how different types of immediate feedback (i.e., destination, corrective, and explanatory) featured during DGBL use in mathematics influence elementary students' self-efficacy and motivation for gameplay. This study involved fifth grade students interacting with a digital game and being interviewed individually to elaborate on their perceptions regarding how feedback featured in DGBL influenced their self-efficacy and motivation. Findings from this study suggest the importance of DGBL immediate feedback as results indicated a positive change in both self-efficacy and motivation among students. / Doctor of Philosophy / Digital game-based learning (DGBL) is a teaching method used to enhance learning that is facilitated by the use of a digital game. DGBL provides students with opportunities to interact with virtual worlds that incorporate educational content with the goal of engaging learners in all subjects. A challenge for educators is to select digital games that motivate students to engage in difficult subjects, such as mathematics. The articles here seek to better understand how DGBL can potentially influence elementary students' motivation, engagement, and assist elementary educators' future instructional decisions implementing DGBL in an elementary mathematics setting. The study investigated how different types of immediate feedback (i.e., destination, corrective, and explanatory) featured during DGBL use in mathematics influence elementary students' self-efficacy and motivation for gameplay. Research featured in both articles indicated the importance in understanding how different motivational factors can affect students' motivation during DGBL use, and how an increased motivation can lead to increased engagement, which can lead to increased learning.

2024 / Learning is actuated by plasticity, the remarkable ability of the brain to change and adapt in response to experience. A robust neural circuit level correlate of plasticity is a change in network activity, while on a molecular level, plasticity is mediated by immediate early gene (IEG) programs and finely tuned, highly specific downstream structural adaptations. Although plasticity occurs in all areas of the brain, the perirhinal cortex (Prh) in the medial temporal lobe (MTL) is a zone of convergence for higher order sensory association areas and a number of subcortical structures related to learning, memory consolidation and valence, and is therefore a particularly relevant structure for understanding the plasticity responses related to sensory- and goal-directed learning. However, it is currently unknown how Prh processes information from diverse regions of the brain to generate a flexible internal model related learning. Additionally, there is a gap in knowledge regarding the direct relationship between changes in gene expression and adaptations in network activity patterns that accompany complex, goal-directed learning in this region of the brain. To address these gaps in knowledge, we performed chronic two-photon calcium imaging of Prh layer 2/3 neurons while animals learned a whisker-based, go-no go delayed non-match to sample task. At the conclusion of behavior experiments, spatial transcriptomics was performed on functionally imaged neurons to identify molecularly defined, Prh-specific cell types and quantify expression of cell type marker genes and immediate early genes (IEGs) associated with neuronal plasticity. Using population analysis and generalized linear models, we analyzed the relationship between task-related responses, cell type identity, and IEG expression. We found that Prh encodes stimulus features as sensory prediction errors, and forms stable, stimulus-outcome associations that expand retrospectively from outcome back to the time of stimulus delivery and generalize as animals learn new contingencies. Additionally, we found that task-related responses were best explained by IEG expression patterns that spanned cell types. To confirm this role of IEGs, we perturbed the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf), a known regulator of task-related IEGs. We found that reward representations in Prh showed increased stability on a session-to-session basis in Bdnf conditional knockout (cKO) mice compared to control animals. Whereas, stimulus-reward associations emerged over sessions in control animals, those associations failed to form in Bdnf cKO animals. Taken together, this work demonstrates that Prh combines error-driven and map-like properties to generate a predictive map of learned task behavior and delineates the specificity in which gene expression participates in Prh-dependent task learning.

La résorption post-extractionnelle est de nos jours une conséquence inéluctable après avulsion. Cette résorption, lors d'une réhabilitation prothétique sur implants, peut avoir des conséquences néfastes tant dans le résultat esthétique que fonctionnel. Les techniques de régénération pré-implantaire (technique dérivée de la régénération tissulaire guidée) par l'emploi d'autogreffe, de xénogreffe ou encore d'allogreffe associée ou non à une membrane ont montré des bénéfices quant à la préservation du volume osseux. Les délais d'ostéointégration ayant été de nos jours réduits avec un taux de survie implantaire satisfaisant, la technique d'extraction/implantation immédiate a été envisagée dans le but d'éviter la perte osseuse post-extractionnelle et réduire le temps de traitement. Toutefois, les études menées chez le chien par différents auteurs ont montré que cette technique ne permettait en aucun cas d'éviter la resorption post-extractionnelle. La mise en place précoce d'un implant dans une alvéole déshabitée permet seulement de limiter cette dernière. Le but de note étude animale a donc été, dans les cas d'extraction/implantation immédiate, d'évaluer la perte osseuse obtenue au travers des résultats tomodensitométriques et histovolumétriques, perte osseuse comparée, à celle mesurée dans les chirurgies de comblement ainsi que dans les chirurgies régénératives avec membranes positionnées en supra ou intra-alvéolaire. Nous avons également souhaité évaluer l'intérêt de la régénération osseuse guidée dans la préservation du volume osseux lorsqu'une prothèse sur implant est envisagée. Notre choix s'est porté sur une membrane collagénique résorbable qui ont montré au travers de nombreuses études certains avantages : biocompatibilité satisfaisante, exposition n'engendrant pas un échec de la chirurgie et enfin une résorbabilité évitant une chirurgie de dépose. Concernant le matériau de comblement, nous avons opté pour une allogreffe corticale afin d'évaluer la cicatrisation osseuse obtenue, la résorbabilité du matériau et la qualité de l'interface os/implant. Dans une première partie, nous ferons un rappel sur le tissu osseux et son remodelage après avulsion. La seconde partie sera consacrée aux techniques de préservation du volume osseux, la troisième partie faisant le point sur la technique d'extraction/implantation immédiate d'un point de vue cicatrisation osseuse. Enfin la quatrième et dernière partie sera consacrée à l'étude animale. / Post-extraction resorption is nowadays an inevitable consequence of teeth extraction. This loss, during prosthetic implant rehabilitation, strongly affects aesthetic and functional results.Guided bone regeneration, issue from the guided tissular regeneration, using autogenous bone, xenograft or still allograft associated or not with a barrier membrane shows benefits in the conservation of bone volume.The delays of osteointegration having nowadays been reduced with a good rate of implant survival; immediate extraction-implantation is supposed to avoid post-extraction resorption and to reduce overall treatment time. However, animal studies from many authors showed that this technique cannot avoid the post-extraction resorption. The immediate implantation only allows to reduce it.The purpose of our animal study was to estimate the bone loss for immediate extraction-implantation technique through the histotomodensimetric and histovolumetric measurements. Bone loses were compared for allogenic bone grafting associated or not with supra or intra alveolar barrier membranes. We investigate also the benefits of guided bone regeneration in the preservation of bone volume for delayed implantation. The parameters followed were the alveolar bone loss, the resorbability of the material and the quality of bone/ implant interface. We selected absorbable collagenic barrier membrane which have shown in numerous studies many advantages: good biocompatibility, exposure don't challenge clinical results and resorbability avoiding an additionnal removal surgery. Concerning the bone grafting material, we opted for a cortical allograft. In the first chapter, we made a review of the bone histology and physiology and of its remodeling after extraction. The second chapter is dedicated to alveolar bone preservation techniques and in the third chapter we reviewed immediate extraction-implantation surgical techniques from the point of view of bone healing. Finally the fourth part of our thesis is dedicated to the presentation and analysis of our animal study.

Resumo: O objetivo do presente trabalho de pesquisa foi avaliar a influencia do tipo de conexao protetica, do platform-switching, e do design do implante no ambiente biomec.nico de implantes imediatos com carga imediata. Para tanto, um modelo de alveolo de extraçao de um incisivo central superior foi constru.do baseado em tomografia computadorizada. Implantes inseridos no alveolo de extra..o foram avaliados por meio de analises em elementos finitos. Uma Analise de Variancia (α=0.05) foi utilizada para interpretar os dados do pico de deformaçao equivalente no osso, do pico de tens.es equivalentes no parafuso do abutment, do deslocamento relativo osso-implante e do gap do abutment. A maior influ.ncia do tipo de conexao protetica e do platform-switching foi observado na tensao do parafuso e no gap do abutment. Por sua vez, o design do implante afetou consideravelmente as deformaçoes no osso e o deslocamento relativo entre o osso e o implante. Nao obstante, evitar a sobrecarga do implante e garantir uma alta estabilidade inicial sao os fatores mais importantes na previsibilidade de implantes imediatos com carga imediata / Abstract: The aim of the present research work was to evaluate the influence of different connection type, platform switching and implant designs on the biomechanical environment of immediately placed implants. A CT-based model of an upper central incisor extraction socket was constructed. The immediately placed implants were evaluated by finite element analysis. An Analysis of Variance was used to interpret the data for the peak equivalent strain in the bone, peak Von Mises stress in the abutment screw, bone-to-implant relative displacement and abutment gap. The largest influence of the connection type and platformswitching was seen on the peak equivalent stress in the abutment screw and implant-abutment gap. On contrary, the implant design considerably affects the biomechanical environment of immediately placed implants. However, avoiding implant overloading and ensuring a high implant initial stability are the most important factors for the predictability of implants in this protocol / Orientador: Luis Geraldo Vaz / Coorientador: Elcio Marcantonio Junior / Coorientador: Sonia Aparecia Goulart de Oliveira / Banca: José Maurício dos Santos Reis Nunes / Banca: Rogério Margonar / Banca: Pedro Yoshito Noritomi / Banca: Flávio Domingues das Neves / Doutor

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-03-25Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:43:55Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 pessoa_rs_dr_arafo.pdf: 1780565 bytes, checksum: 78498002897f7571851e27403dd44a72 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / O objetivo do presente trabalho de pesquisa foi avaliar a influencia do tipo de conexao protetica, do platform-switching, e do design do implante no ambiente biomec.nico de implantes imediatos com carga imediata. Para tanto, um modelo de alveolo de extraçao de um incisivo central superior foi constru.do baseado em tomografia computadorizada. Implantes inseridos no alveolo de extra..o foram avaliados por meio de analises em elementos finitos. Uma Analise de Variancia (α=0.05) foi utilizada para interpretar os dados do pico de deformaçao equivalente no osso, do pico de tens.es equivalentes no parafuso do abutment, do deslocamento relativo osso-implante e do gap do abutment. A maior influ.ncia do tipo de conexao protetica e do platform-switching foi observado na tensao do parafuso e no gap do abutment. Por sua vez, o design do implante afetou consideravelmente as deformaçoes no osso e o deslocamento relativo entre o osso e o implante. Nao obstante, evitar a sobrecarga do implante e garantir uma alta estabilidade inicial sao os fatores mais importantes na previsibilidade de implantes imediatos com carga imediata / The aim of the present research work was to evaluate the influence of different connection type, platform switching and implant designs on the biomechanical environment of immediately placed implants. A CT-based model of an upper central incisor extraction socket was constructed. The immediately placed implants were evaluated by finite element analysis. An Analysis of Variance was used to interpret the data for the peak equivalent strain in the bone, peak Von Mises stress in the abutment screw, bone-to-implant relative displacement and abutment gap. The largest influence of the connection type and platformswitching was seen on the peak equivalent stress in the abutment screw and implant-abutment gap. On contrary, the implant design considerably affects the biomechanical environment of immediately placed implants. However, avoiding implant overloading and ensuring a high implant initial stability are the most important factors for the predictability of implants in this protocol

The murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) immediate early 1 (IE1) protein has been described as a trans-activator of viral and host gene expression. However, the precise role that IE1 plays in the viral life cycle, and in particular its effect on the host immune response is not known. This thesis investigates the functional relationship of the IE1 protein and the immune response induced after infection. By using an ie1-deletion mutant MCMV (MCMVdie1) it was demonstrated that, early after infection, tumor necrosis factor (tnf ) gene activation and protein production was significantly induced in infected-primary macrophages (M ) to a much greater extent than its wild type counterpart. In addition, preliminary studies on the signalling pathways activated upon infection were carried out in order to gain information about the pathways that might be involved in MCMVinduced modulation of tnf activation. Initial observations on the MAPK family members Erk1/2, p38 and JNK did not revealed any differential activation in the absence of IE1. However, due to a number of limitations, it was not possible to draw any firm conclusions from this study. Investigation of the role of IE1 in the in vivo production of TNF were also performed in both susceptible (BALB/c) and resistant (C57Bl/6) mice. These experiments confirmed the attenuated phenotype of MCMVdie1 in vivo, whereby the mutant strain grew to much lower titers than wild type. When cytokine production was assessed in relation to PFU levels a significant production of TNF after infection is observed in different organs of both mice strains. This raises the question whether IE1 contributes to MCMV modulation of TNF production in the natural host. Although, because it is still unclear whether the phenotype of MCMVdie1 in vivo is due to a defect in the virus or the result of a immune response, it was not possible to conclude unequivocally that IE1 is responsible for dampening this cytokine response. This thesis also tested whether the attenuated replication of MCMVdie1 in vivo was due to the increased TNF production induced after infection. An initial investigation in tnf depleted mice revealed that the MCMVdie1 growth phenotype is not due to TNF response. Overall, this study has provided insight into a potential immune modulatory function by MCMV associated with IE1 protein and the regulation of TNF in vivo and in vitro.