This thesis investigated the power of framing practices in the context of Australian refugee policies between 1999 and 2003. The analysis identified legal rationalism as an ideological projection by which the Howard government justified its refugee policies to the electorate. That is, legal rationalism manifested itself as an overriding concern with the rules and procedures of the law, without necessarily having concern for consistency or continuity. In its first form, legal rationalism emerged as a

This thesis examines the treatment and experiences of foreign national prisoners in England and Wales. It contains two main arguments. First, I contend that dominant prison theories rely on an outmoded understanding of the nation-state, and as a result, tend to ignore the effects of globalisation. Second, I argue that current prison practices reaffirm the boundaries of the British nation-state and promote an exclusionary notion of British citizenship. I conclude that research attuned to the affective, embodied dimensions of incarceration can help criminologists to develop a more ‘global’ perspective on state power. This argument begins and builds from ethnographic research. As a whole, the thesis is based on more than 200 interviews conducted over the course of a year in and around five men’s prisons in the north, southwest, and center of England. Structurally, it proceeds from a theoretical critique of prison studies, to an ethnographic account of prison life, to a conclusion about the purpose of prison scholarship. Thematically, it focuses on the relationship between identity and imprisonment, and in particular, on the ways in which normative beliefs about race, gender, sexuality, and class get infused in incarceration practices.

Dans un contexte de contrôle accru de l’immigration irrégulière et de la gestion serrée des frontières, de quelle manière, selon quelles modalités, par quelles directives et selon quelles applications, l’enfermement des étrangers en instance d’éloignement du territoire français, participe-t-il à la préparation de cette expulsion ?Cette thèse s’intéresse à la gestion de l’enfermement des étrangers dans un centre de rétention administrative (CRA), selon deux aspects centraux, la surveillance et le soin, et elle se focalise, à travers des pratiques de police et de santé, sur le rôle de cet enfermement dans la mise en œuvre de l’expulsion. Elle s’inscrit dans les travaux d’anthropologie de l’Etat et de la police et dans ceux de la sociologie de l’immigration et des lieux d’enfermement.Elle montre comment différentes formes de directives, propres à l’enfermement des étrangers, trouvent leur incarnation dans des agents dont les pratiques sont la résultante à la fois d’applications directes de ces directives et surtout de leurs aménagements, propres à la gestion des contradictions, découlant de ce lieu.Cette thèse s’intéresse d’abord aux pratiques de police fixées autour de la surveillance qui, dans le cadre de la gestion de certaines contradictions, propres à la rétention, devient, par glissement, un travail d’attente et d’anticipation, sous des formes allant de l’expectative à la recherche d’informations jusqu’aux stratégies locales de contrainte et de conditionnement. Elle se focalise ensuite sur les pratiques de santé, en montrant combien les enjeux de l’enfermement et de l’expulsion viennent à les façonner, de manière profonde, au point qu’elles soient parties prenant d’un processus de sélection et de différenciation. Elle s’intéresse enfin, dans ce travail global de préparation, aux effets des rapports entre la police et les professionnels de santé, dans cette gestion d’une population enfermée, tenue par la menace d’une expulsion. Cette thèse restitue, en somme, différentes pratiques, différents positionnements politiques et moraux, d’agents travaillant dans un dispositif de contrôle, administré par l’Etat, confrontés dans leur travail à des contradictions et à des conflits moraux.Ce travail est le fruit d’une enquête ethnographique mené au sein d’un CRA et d’entretiens et d’observations ciblés auprès d’acteurs appartenant à des lieux dont le CRA est dépendant. / In the wings of the deportation from french territory, between surveillance and assistance : Ethnographic exploration in a French Immigration Detention CentreIn a context of increasing control of irregular immigration and the tight management of borders, in what manner, according to what terms, by which directives and which applications, does the incarceration of foreigners pending to be expulsed from French territory participate in the preparation of this expulsion? This thesis deals with the management of the confinement of foreigners in a French Immigration Detention Centre, according to two central aspects, monitoring and care, and she focuses, through the practices of police and health, on the role of this imprisonment in the implementation of expulsion. It fits in the anthropology of the State and the police work and in those of the sociology of immigration and of the places of confinement. It shows how different forms of directives, specific to the confinement of foreigners, are embodied in agents whose practices are the result both of direct applications of these guidelines and especially their facilities, specific to the management of contradictions, arising from this place. This thesis focuses first on police practices fixed around surveillance which, under the management of contradictions, proper to the retention, becomes by a shift to a job of expectation and anticipation, in forms ranging from expectantly looking for information to local strategies of constraint and conditioning. It then focuses on the practices of health, by showing how the confinement and deportation issues come to shape them, in a profound way, to the point that they are involved in the process of selection and differentiation. Finally she deals with this comprehensive preparatory work, to the effects of the relationship between the police and health professionals, in the management of an incarcerated population, held by the threat of expulsion. This thesis renders, in sum, different practices, and different political and moral positions of the agents that are working in a control system, administered by the State, that are faced in their work to contradictions and moral conflicts. This work is the fruit of an ethnographic investigation conducted within a French Immigration Detention Centre and targeted interviews and observations with actors belonging to places on which the French Immigration Detention Centre is dependent.

Immigration is a topic that plays an important role in American society, it manages to capture both the general public as well as the political world. Especially in the United States of America, it is a very complex issue that affects a large number of sectors which is why a specific area has been selected for this thesis in order to narrow the researched field and provide detailed information. The thesis seeks to analyze the situation in immigration detention facilities throughout the U.S. with regard to basic human rights violations. For this reason, the thesis focuses on international humanitarian law and the Constitution of the United States, which should protect both legal and illegal immigrants, however, their non-compliance is one of the main points interconnecting all chapters of this paper. Due to the availability of resources and greater relevance this paper focuses on the situation of the last 15 years (namely from 2008 onwards) and attaches great importance to the final 3-4 years and the administration of Donald Trump. The thesis finds repeated and long-term violations of domestic and international law concerning human rights as well as the rights of asylum seekers and shows wrongful criminalization and dehumanization of immigrants (documented and undocumented). Furthermore, the thesis...