This study uses annual data for the period 1975-2014 for South Africa and Botswana, and 1979-2013 for Lesotho to examine empirically the impact of trade openness on economic growth in these three South African Customs Union (SACU) countries. The motivation for this study is that SACU countries are governed by the common agreement for the union that oversees the movement of goods that enter the SACU area. However, although these countries are in a com-mon union, they have quite different levels of development. Based on the country’s level of development, Lesotho is a lower middle-income and least developed country, whereas Botswana and South Africa are upper middle-income economies. Thus, these disparities in the levels of economic development of SACU countries i are expected to have different implications in relation to the extent to which trade openness affects economic growth. It is within this background that the current study seeks to examine what impact trade openness has on economic growth in each of the three selected countries. To check the robustness of the empirical results, this study uses four equations based on four different indicators of trade openness to examine the linkage between trade openness and economic growth. While Equation 1, Equation 2 and Equation 3 employ trade-based indicators of openness, Equation 4 uses a modified version of the UNCTAD (2012a) trade openness index that incorporates differences in country size and geography. Using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach to cointegration and error-correction modelling, the study found that the impact of trade openness on economic growth varies across the three SACU countries. Based on the results for the first three equations, the study found that trade openness has a positive impact on economic growth in South Africa and Botswana, whereas it has no significant impact on economic growth in Lesotho. Based on Equation 4 results, the study found that after taking the differences in country size and geography into account, trade openness has a positive impact on economic growth in Botswana, but an insignificant impact in South Africa and Lesotho. For South Africa and Botswana, the main recommendation from this study is that policy makers should pursue policies that promote total trade to increase economic growth in both the short and the long run. For Lesotho, the study recommends, among other things, the adoption of policies aimed at enhancing human capital and infrastructural development as well as the broadening of exports, so as to enable the economy to grow to a threshold level necessary for the realisation of significant gains from trade. / Economics

The master's thesis contains 102 pages, 3 chapters, 8 figures, 10 tables, 64 sources. Import substitution, small business, food industry, agriculture, analysis, scheme, recommendations.The practical importance of the dissertation research lies in the possibility of small enterprises applying the recommendations on cost management in the production of import-substituting goods in accordance with the developed scenarios for implementing a policy of competitive import substitution in small food industry enterprises. This work consists of three chapters. The first chapter examines the theoretical aspects of the strategy of import substitution. The second chapter contains an analysis of the development factors of small enterprises of the food industry of the Russian Federation in conditions. The third chapter presents the algorithm of import substitution in small food industry enterprises, the Scenarios for the implementation of competitive import substitution policy, and also the Recommendations on cost management. / Магистерская диссертация содержит 102 страниц, 3 главы, 8 рисунков, 10 таблиц, 64 источника. Практическая значимость диссертационного исследования заключается в возможности применения малыми предприятиями рекомендаций по управлению затратами в производстве импортозамещенных товаров в соответствии с разработанными сценариями реализации политики конкурентного импортозамещения на малых предприятиях пищевой промышленности. Данная работа состоит из трех глав. В первой главе рассматриваются теоретические аспекты стратегии импортозамещения. Вторая глава содержит анализ факторов развития малых предприятий пищевой промышленности Российской Федерации в условиях. В третьей главе представлен алгоритм импортозамещения на малых предприятиях пищевой промышленности, Сценарии реализации политики конкурентного импортозамещения, а так же Рекомендации по управлению затратами.

В условиях введенных обоюдных санкций со стороны России и стран ЕС, важная роль отводится системе мероприятий, направленных на реализацию стратегии импортозамещения на российском агропродовольственном рынке. Таким образом, в условии жестких экономических реалий возрастает роль агропромышленного комплекса России в обеспечении продовольственной безопасности страны. При этом важно отметить, что процесс импортозамещения требует от российских производителей восполнение привычных объемов импортного сырья и продовольствия, что в условиях низкого уровня материально-технического обеспечения сделать крайне тяжело. В связи с этим возрастает роль государства в реализации политики импортозамещения. При этом программы импортозамещения должны работать на создание в России массового слоя производственных компаний, способных быть конкурентными не только внутри страны, но и на международных рынках. В современных условиях крайне важной является разработка обоснованной теории и методологических основ импортозамещения, выявление его особенностей на этапе перехода агросистем к еще более «свободному» рынку, обосновании комплекса рекомендаций по развитию и внедрению процесса импортозамещения в единый регулируемый внешнеторговый механизм. В работе представлены государственные программы и тенденции развития процесса импортозамещения в некоторых странах СНГ (Республики Беларусь, Казахстан) и дальнего зарубежья (Китай, новые индустриальные страны Азии и Латинской Америки). Целью данной работы является внедрение на рынок отечественной конкурентоспособной продукции, обеспечивающей импортозамещения. / Under the imposed mutual sanctions from Russia and the EU countries, an important role is assigned to the system of measures aimed at implementing the strategy of import substitution in the Russian agro-food market. Thus, in the condition of tough economic realities, the role of Russia's agro-industrial complex in ensuring the country's food security is growing. At the same time, it is important to note that the process of import substitution requires Russian producers to replenish the usual volumes of imported raw materials and foodstuffs, which is extremely difficult in conditions of a low level of material and technical support. In this regard, the role of the state in the implementation of importsubstitution. At the same time, import substitution programs should work to create a mass layer of production companies in Russia that can be competitive not only within the country, but also in international markets. In modern conditions, it is extremely important to develop a sound theory and methodological foundations of import substitution, to identify its features at the stage of transition of agricultural systems to an even more "free" market, to justify a set of recommendations for the development and implementation of the import substitution process in a single regulated foreign trade mechanism. The paper presents state programs and trends in the development of import substitution in some CIS countries (Belarus, Kazakhstan) and abroad (China, new industrial countries of Asia and Latin America). The purpose of this work is the introduction of domestic competitive products to the market, providing import substitution.

В работе проанализированы вопросы импортозамещения программного обеспечения в России в теоретическом и практическом значении. Предложена матрица принятия решения импортозамещения виртуализации ИТ-инфраструктуры на основе лабораторного тестирования в Екатеринбургском информационном-вычислительном центре структурном подразделении Главного вычислительного центра – филиала ОАО «РЖД» (ЕИВЦ СП ГВЦ филиала ОАО «РЖД») как типового структурного подразделения Холдинга «РЖД». / The paper analyzes the issues of software import substitution in Russia in theoretical and practical terms. A matrix has been proposed for deciding on the import substitution of IT infrastructure virtualization based on laboratory testing at the Yekaterinburg Information and Computing Center, a structural subdivision of the Main Computing Center, a branch of Russian Railways (EISC SP MCC branch of Russian Railway) as a typical structural unit of Russian Railway Holding.

В выпускной квалификационной работе рассматриваются теоретические аспекты формирования стратегии импортозамещения на предприятии, тенденции рынка многоквартирного жилищного строительства и проводится оценка рыночных позиций предприятия «АО «Корпорация «Атомстройкомплекс», по результатам которого разрабатывается методический подход по формированию стратегии импортозамещения. В рамках исследования предлагается проект по формированию маркетинговой стратегии импортозамещения в компании АО «Корпорация «Атомстройкомплекс» и обосновывается его целесообразность. / In the final qualifying work, the theoretical aspects of the formation of an import substitution strategy at the enterprise, the trends of the multi-apartment housing construction market are considered and the market positions of the Atomstroykomplex Corporation JSC are evaluated, according to the results of which a methodological approach to the formation of an import substitution strategy is developed. Within the framework of the study, a project is proposed for the formation of a marketing strategy for import substitution in the company of JSC Atomstroykomplex Corporation and its expediency is justified.

В связи с переходом на преимущественное использование отечественного программного обеспечения на предприятии существует потребность в разработке программных средств для переноса существующих макросов из Microsoft Office в Р7-Офис для дальнейшего использования и восстановления функциональности документов. Целью работы является cнижение издержек при смене программных продуктов Microsoft Office на отчественный аналог. Итогом работы является успешное внедрение на предприятии приложения «Конвертер кода с языка VBA на JavaScript». / In connection with the transition to the predominant use of domestic software in the enterprise, there is a need to develop software for transferring existing macros from Microsoft Office to R7-Office for further use and restoration of document functionality. The purpose of the work is to reduce costs when changing Microsoft Office software products to a domestic analogue. The result of the work is the successful implementation of the application “Code Converter from VBA to JavaScript” at the enterprise.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:48:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ernesto Augusto Moura.pdf: 1198193 bytes, checksum: b21520087a411711e38a09c3c376a54f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-05-16 / This work has as main objective to analyze the trajectory of intellectual economist Maria da Conceição Tavares, passing its main tests since 1963, when he produced his first essay Heyday and decline of the process of import substitution , through analysis of the processes of capital accumulation and industrialization in Brazil, who scored two major works of the author, as the first thesis professor at UFRJ under the title of capital accumulation and industrialization in Brazil (1974) and the second thesis professor also defended at UFRJ, titled Cycle and crisis: the recent movement of the Brazilian economy (1978). From the 1980s, Tavares continues his reflections now through the prism of a contextual view of international political economy, where advances various trials that have examined the main causes and consequences of financial globalization and weaves a series of critiques of neoliberal policies, especially applied the brazilian economy after the 1990s / Esta dissertação tem como principal objetivo, analisar a trajetória intelectual da economista Maria da Conceição Tavares, perpassando os seus principais ensaios desde 1963, quando produziu o seu primeiro ensaio Auge e declínio do processo de substituição de importações , passando pela análise dos processos de acumulação de capital e industrialização no Brasil, que marcou duas principais obras da autora, a primeira como tese de professora livre-docente da UFRJ sob o título Acumulação de capital e industrialização no Brasil (1974) e a segunda tese de professora titular também defendida na UFRJ, intitulada Ciclo e crise: o movimento recente da economia brasileira (1978). A partir dos anos 1980, Tavares segue suas reflexões agora sob o prisma de uma visão contextual da economia política internacional, onde avança diversos ensaios que procuraram analisar as principais causas e consequências da globalização financeira e tece uma série de críticas às políticas neoliberais, principalmente aplicadas na economia brasileira pós anos 1990

<p>The objective of this study is to empirically examine the export-led growth hypothesis in Mozambique using quarterly time series data over the period of 1987-2004, applying a co-integration analysis, Engle and Granger&rsquo / s (1987) Error Correction Model (ECM) and the Granger causality test. The paper explores the causal relationship between economic growth and othe explanatory variables, such as real exports, imports, labour force, gross capital formation, terms of trade, civil war and natural disasters (the last two as dummy variables).</p>

<p>The objective of this study is to empirically examine the export-led growth hypothesis in Mozambique using quarterly time series data over the period of 1987-2004, applying a co-integration analysis, Engle and Granger&rsquo / s (1987) Error Correction Model (ECM) and the Granger causality test. The paper explores the causal relationship between economic growth and othe explanatory variables, such as real exports, imports, labour force, gross capital formation, terms of trade, civil war and natural disasters (the last two as dummy variables).</p>

International trade ties the world together and is hypothetically fair and equal. In reality, it is highly asymmetrical and poses a significant challenge for developing countries. A massive sea change occurred in the international trade regime during the Uruguay Round of negotiations of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) from 1986 to 1994. Developing countries as a whole began to embrace liberal trade policies which seemed to be the only alternative to failing import substitution industrialization (ISI). An historical comparative account describing and explaining this transformation of developing countries’ attitudes toward the GATT is used in this dissertation to provide an alternative explanation for the transition of developing countries from having little interest in the Uruguay Round of GATT negotiations to sharply changing course and adopting neo-liberal policies which supported the conclusion of the Round. Three theoretical approaches seek to explain why this change occurred, including: liberal trade theory (economic reforms), dependency theory (external forces) and constructivism (the role epistemic communities). The Uruguay Round negotiations were dynamic and heavily influenced by two power-house developing economies, India and Brazil, who were initially opposed to the Round itself. Kenya found itself in a starkly different situation with minimal ability to participate or influence negotiations. These three countries constitute the study’s illustrative case studies. As negotiations progressed, India and Brazil changed course and agreed to the Round’s ‘single-undertaking’ and the ‘inequitable Grand Bargain’ between the developed and developing economies. This subsequently led to other developing countries following suit through a powerful demonstration effect in a trade-off between the inclusion of trade in services and intellectual property for reforms in agriculture and textiles & clothing. While economic reforms began to occur and attitudes began to change during the Uruguay Round itself, assessing developing countries during the Round found that no single theoretical approach can explain developing countries’ transformation; rather each had their own trajectory for their economic reforms. A multi-dimensional conclusion provides the most comprehensive account of this transformation of the global trade regime.