Svenska Aerogel AB has developed the material Quartzene® which is of the typeprecipitated silica and contains calcium - magnesium silicate ((Ca, Mg) SiO3). Thematerial is used for molecular filtration of contaminated air. Qartzene™, which is inpellet form, is porous and has a high internal surface which is a requirement for themolecular filtration. With the use of various impregnations, filtration can affect thedesired outcome. As an example Quartzene® can be impregnated with Potassiumhydroxide and clear the air of Sulfur dioxide, SO2 (Svenska Aerogel AB, n.d).Svenska Aerogel AB has developed Quartzene® further and new areas of application hasarosee, one of these areas is how the material function within dehumidification. Thepurpose of this study is to research and analyze how different impregnation salts effecthow Quartzene® function in terms of moisture absorption and moisture desorption.Quartzene® is a hygroscopic material, which is a material that easily absorbs and exudatesmoisture from the air. Materials with high porosity absorb moisture by adsorption andcapillary condensation. A hygroscopic material strives for equilibrium with ambientenvironment which is illustrated in a sorption curve where moisture absorption is set inrelation to relative humidity. In this study the jar method is used to measure moistureabsorption, this is shown with the use of sorption curves. The jar method uses saturatesalt solutions to create environments whit a set relative humidity. Quartzene® – pellets areplaced in jars and weighed at regular intervals to determine the moisture absorption.The results of this study indicate that impregnations affect the way that Quartzene®function in terms of moisture absorption and moisture desorption. Some of theimpregnations affect the material to absorb more moisture than Quartzene® that has notbeen impregnated, while others affect the material to absorb less moisture. The resultsalso show that sodium – based impregnation gives similar results as Quartzene® that hasnot been impregnated.

The objective of this study is to investigate the influence of sulfur compounds (S and Na2S) for powdered activated carbon derived from carbon black of pyrolyzed waste tires (CPBAC). Besides, this study investigated the distribution of impregnated sulfur in the inner pores of activated carbon and its effected on the specific surface area and pore size distribution. This study investigated the fundamental mechanisms by analysis of thermodynamic properties and to establish the kinetic models for the adsorption/desorption of HgCl2 by/from sulfur impregnated CBPAC. Furthermore, this study investigated the adsorptive and desorption capacity of HgCl2 onto CPBAC via thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Experimental results indicated that the specific surface area of sulfur impregnated CBPAC with elemental S (S0) was larger than sulfur impregnated CBPAC with Na2S. Besides, the sulfur content of sulfur impregnated CBPAC increased with increasing the surface area of CBPAC under the same impregnated temperature. And, the adsorptive capacity of CBPAC increased with the increase of influent HgCl2 concentration and surface area of the activated carbon. According to the experimental results of the adsorption capacity under the differential sulfur content, its indicated that the affection of sulfur content for adsorption capacity of HgCl2 was much than HgCl2 concentration and surface area of the activated carbon. The desorption energys were 266 and 282 kJ/mole for HgCl2 desorption from saturated CBPAC-S0 and CBPAC-Na2S, respectively. The results showed the process of HgCl2 adsorption onto CBPAC was in favor of a physisorbed state of HgCl2 at the adsorption temperature of 150 oC but the process of HgCl2 adsorption onto CBPAC which impregated was in favor of a chemisorbed state of HgCl2 at the adsorption of 150 oC. The value of ∆G for CBPAC at the adsorption temperature of 30 ~150 oC were ranged from -15.28 kJ/mole to -26.63 kJ/mole. The value of ∆G for CBPAC-S0 at the adsorption temperature of 30~150 oC ranged from -23.45 kJ/mole to -32.09 kJ/mole. The value of ∆G for CBPAC-Na2S at the adsorption temperature of 30~150 oC ranged from -22.84 kJ/mole to -32.72 kJ/mole. The results showed negative values of ∆G confirmed the feasibility of adsorption process and the spontaneous nature for the adsorption of HgCl2. The value of ∆H for CBPAC at the adsorption temperature of 30 ~150 oC ranged from -35.58 kJ/mole to -35.82 kJ/mole. The value of ∆H for CBPAC-S0 at the adsorption temperature of 30 ~150 oC ranged from -38.07 kJ/mole to -52.49 kJ/mole. The value of ∆H for CBPAC-Na2S at the adsorption temperature of 30~150 oC was -37.45 kJ/mole to -53.12 kJ/mole. A negative ∆H suggested that the adsorption of HgCl2 is an exothermic process. Besides, the adsorptive behavior of HgCl2 for two activated carbons (CBPAC-Na2S and CBPAC-S0) at high temperature (110 ¢J and 150 ¢J ) was the same chemical reaction mechanism due to the same ∆H. Besides, the results of model simulation indicated that modified adsorption kinetic model based on pore diffusion scheme developed in this study could successfully simulate the transport and adsorption of HgCl2 by considering the chemical reaction within the inner pores of carbon grains at 150 oC.

This paper focuses on two experimental methods that give indicators linked to the impregnation level of the yarn / matrix interface, in the case of Textile Reinforced Concrete (TRC). These methods have been tested on three different glass yarns laid in a cementitious matrix, with three different impregnation levels resulting from the manufacturing process. The first method (comparative mercury intrusion porosity test) is based on the evaluation by mercury intrusion porosity of the pores volume associated to the porosity inside and near the yarn. The second method (flow test) consists in measuring the flow rate of water along the yarn, with imposed flow conditions. The physical parameters measured by these two methods are both related to the pore size and to the porosity of the yarn / matrix interface. The results of the two methods are discussed and drawn in parallel to a qualitative characterization of the yarn matrix interface made by scanning electron microscopy. As a result, the connection between the results of the two methods and the SEM characterization is studied. It is shown how these methods can participate to characterize the yarn impregnation. Limitations of the methods are also discussed.

Die ausWestafrika stammende Ölpalme (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) ist zur populärsten Kulturpflanze in Südostasien geworden. Als Haupterzeugnisse dieser Pflanze gelten die Öle der Früchte und der Fruchtkerne. Die weltweite Nachfrage nach diesen beiden Haupterzeugnissen nimmt sehr rasch zu. Ursache hierfür ist die breite Anwendungspalette dieser Pflanzenöle, wie z.B. Bratöl, ölbasierte Chemikalien und ölbasierte Nahrungsmittel, Kosmetika, Waschmittel, Biobrennstoff usw. Indonesien und Malaysia sind die Hauptproduzenten und Hauptlieferanten solcher Produkte und decken über 85% des weltweiten Bedarfs. Mit Extensivierung der Ölpalmplantagen sehen sich die Erzeugerländer zunehmend mit ernstzunehmenden Umweltprobleme konfrontiert, da nach Erreichen der wirtschaftlichen Lebenspanne (Umtriebszeit) von 25 Jahren große Mengen an festen, biologischen Abfallstoffe bei der Neubegründung der Bestände anfallen. So sollen z.B. im Jahre 2010 laut Vorhersagen mehr als 20 Mill. Kubikmeter Ölpalmen- Holz jährlich anfallen... / Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) becomes the most popular crop, especially in Southeast Asia, than its origin,West Africa. World demand of two main products from this crop (e.g. crude palm oil and palm kernel oil) increases very rapidly, due to very wide ranges use of these vegetable oils for industrial purposes, such as fried oil, oleo-chemical and -food, cosmetics, detergent, biofuel and etc. Indonesia and Malaysia are the main producers and supplying more than 85% of world consumption. On the other hand, due to the economic life span of this popular crop (25 years), the producer countries have been facing a serious environmental problems concerning to the solid biowaste handling of oil palm industry, particularly the oil palm trunk after replanting activity. Starting 2010, it is predicted that more than 20 millions cubic meter biomass from oil palm trunk available annually...

<p>Catalysts play an essential role in nearly every chemical production process. Platinum supported on high surface area carbon substrates (Pt/C) is one of the promising candidates as an electrocatalyst in low temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cells. Developing the activity of the Pt/C catalyst with narrow Pt particle size distribution and good dispersion has been a main concern in current research.</p> <p><br /> In this study, the main objective was the development and characterization of inexpensive and effective nanophase Pt/C electrocatalysts. A set of modified Pt/C electrocatalysts with high electrochemical activity and low loading of noble metal was prepared by the impregnation-reduction method in this research. The four home-made catalysts synthesized by different treatments conditions were characterized by several techniques such as EDS, TEM, XRD, AAS, TGA, BET and CV.</p> <p><br /> Pt electrocatalysts supported on acid treatment Vulcan XC-72 electrocatalysts were produced successfully. The results showed that Pt particle sizes of Pt/C (PrOH)x catalysts between 2.45 and 2.81nm were obtained with homogeneous dispersion, which were more uniform than the commercial Pt/C (JM) catalyst. In the electrochemical activity tests, ORR was confirmed as a structure-sensitive reaction. The Pt/C (PrOH/pH2.5) showed promising results during chemically-active surface area investigation, which compared well with that of the commercial standard Johnson Matthey Pt/C catalyst. The active surface area of Pt/C (PrOH/pH2.5) at 17.98m2/g, was higher than that of the commercial catalyst (17.22 m2/g ) under the conditions applied. In a CV electrochemical activity test of Pt/C catalysts using a Fe2+/Fe3+ mediator system study, Pt/C (PrOH/pH2.5) (67mA/cm2) also showed promise as a catalyst as the current density is comparable to that of the commercial Pt/C (JM) (62mA/cm2).</p> <p><br /> A remarkable achievement was attained in this study: the electrocatalyst Pt supported on CNTs was synthesized effectively. This method resulted in the smallest Pt particle size 2.15nm. In the electrochemically-active surface area study, the Pt/CNT exhibited a significantly greater active surface area (27.03 m2/g) and higher current density (100 mA/cm2) in the Fe2+/Fe3+ electrochemical mediator system than the other home-made Pt/C catalysts, as well as being significantly higher than the commercial Pt/C (JM) catalysts. Pt/CNT catalyst produced the best electrochemical activities in both H2SO4 and K4[Fe(CN)6] electrolytes. As a result of the characteristics of Pt/CNT，it can be deduced that the Pt/CNT is the best electrocatalyst prepared in this study and has great potential for use in fuel cell applications.</p>

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:07:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MariaFDS_DISSERT.pdf: 2648986 bytes, checksum: 586a21e11a1dc6048311037757c1a1b5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-07-14 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Concern with the environment has lead to an increase in the research for new adsorption techniques, low cost adsorvent materials and with high availability. Many works search the development of higher selectivity modified adsorvents. The Brazil has the second world reserve of oiled shale, because of it, the use of that reject is of great interest. This study has the goal of characterize and analyze the retorted shale, reject of the pirobetuminous shale pyrolysis, and the retorted shale modified through the humid impregnation method, wich the precursors were the metals nitrates ( Cobalt, Nickel and Copper), to the usage has adsorvent materials. The samples were characterized chemically, textually and structurally by the X ray fluorescence (XRF), BET, X ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) techniques. The impregnated samples showed a reduction in the superficial area and in the pore volume when compared with the retorted shale. Besides that, diffractions referred to the impregnated metals where observed in the XRD analysis, wich were the same metals detected in the XRF and SEM analysis. The materials showed homogeneity in it s composition. The results shows that the materials presents adequate adsorption characteristics / Preocupa??es ambientais t?m levado ao aumento de pesquisas em busca de novas t?cnicas de adsor??o, materiais adsorventes de baixo custo e dispon?veis em grande quantidade. Muitos trabalhos buscam desenvolver tecnologias com adsorventes modificados que aumentem a seletividade. O Brasil possui a segunda maior reserva mundial de xisto ole?geno, por esse motivo, o aproveitamento desse rejeito ? de grande interesse. Este estudo teve objetivo de analisar e caracterizar o xisto retortado, rejeito proveniente da pir?lise do xisto pirobetuminoso, e o xisto retortado modificado atrav?s do m?todo de impregna??o por via ?mida, cujos precursores foram nitratos de metais (ferro, n?quel e cobre), para utiliza-los como adsorventes. As amostras foram caracterizadas qu?mica, textural e estruturalmente, pelas an?lises de fluoresc?ncia de raios X (FRX), ?rea superficial espec?fica (BET), difra??o de raios X (DRX) e microscopia eletr?nica de varredura (MEV). As amostras impregnadas apresentaram redu??o na ?rea superficial e no volume de poros quando comparados com o xisto retortado. Al?m disso, difra??es referentes aos metais impregnados, foram observadas nas an?lises de DRX, sendo os mesmos detectados na an?lise de FRX e MEV, os materiais mostraram heterogeneidade em sua composi??o. Os resultados indicaram que os adsorventes apresentavam caracter?sticas adequadas para adsor??o

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi estudar a formação de partículas de licopeno em pó de colágeno hidrolisado (CH) comercial usando CO2 supercrítico (CO2-SC). O estudo consistiu em três etapas: a medida de solubilidade do CH em CO2-SC por método estático para conhecer a afinidade do CH pelo CO2, a formação de partículas de misturas físicas compostas de diferentes proporções de CH/licopeno (4:1, 6:1, 8:1 e 10:1) através de processamento em uma autoclave com CO2-SC a 140 bar e 50 °C em agitação de 1.250 rpm por 45 min para definir a proporção de CH/licopeno, e o estudo do efeito de outras condições de CO2-SC (150 bar e 50 °C, 150 bar e 60 °C, 250 bar e 50 °C, 250 bar e 60 °C) na formação de partículas de licopeno em CH para identificar a melhor condição de CO2-SC. As partículas resultantes foram caracterizadas com relação à sua morfologia por microscopia eletrônica de varredura, distribuição de tamanho por difração a laser, comportamento térmico por calorimetria diferencial de varredura, estrutura química por espectroscopia de infravermelho de transformada de Fourier, liberação de carga, e estrutura física interna das partículas por microscopia de laser confocal para conhecer o mecanismo de formação das partículas pelo processamento com CO2-SC. Os resultados indicaram que o CH é pouco solúvel em CO2-SC, motivo pelo qual não há potencial para processos de micronização supercrítica relacionados à solubilidade do biomaterial carreador em CO2-SC. No estudo de proporções de CH/licopeno foi observado que o processo com CO2-SC a 140 bar e 50 °C permite a obtenção de partículas de licopeno em CH na forma de pó de coloração vermelha com intensidade dependente da quantidade de licopeno inicial, sem mudanças importantes na estrutura física porosa do CH, e um aumento de tamanho das partículas. Recomenda-se a proporção 10:1 de CH/licopeno, pois nela se evidenciou menor aglomeração de partículas e formação de fissuras na superfície das partículas que facilitam a incorporação do licopeno em CH seguindo um mecanismo de impregnação supercrítica propiciado pela sorção de CO2 e arraste simultâneo de licopeno ao interior da estrutura física das partículas de CH. Na exploração de outras condições de CO2-SC, na temperatura de 60 °C (150/250 bar) obteve-se uma massa de aparência viscoelástica sem utilidade para a formação de partículas. Entanto, na temperatura de 50 °C foi observado que as partículas de licopeno em CH formadas com CO2-SC a 150 bar, quando comparadas com as formadas com CO2-SC a 250 bar, evidenciaram formação de fissuras que resultaram na melhor dispersão e maior carga de licopeno na estrutura interna do CH. Além disso, as análises do comportamento térmico e o espectro de infravermelho destas partículas evidenciaram a formação de interações eletrostáticas entre o licopeno e o CH favorecidas pelo processamento com CO2-SC. Assim, conclui-se que o processamento com CO2-SC a 140/150 bar e 50 °C poderia ser utilizada para o design de partículas de licopeno impregnadas em CH, gerando um ingrediente com possível ampla atividade funcional pela atividade biológica do CH em tecidos conjuntivos e pela atividade antioxidante do licopeno. / The objective of this research was to study the formation of lycopene particles in commercial powder of hydrolyzed collagen (HC) using supercritical CO2 (SC-CO2). The study consisted of three steps: the solubility measurement of HC in SC-CO2 by static method to know the affinity of HC by CO2, the formation of particles of physical mixtures composed of different ratios of HC/lycopene (4:1, 6:1, 8:1 and 10:1) by autoclaving with SC-CO2 at 140 bar and 50 °C under stirring at 1,250 rpm for 45 min to define the HC/lycopene ratio, and the study of the effect of other conditions of SC-CO2 (150 bar and 50 °C, 150 bar and 60 °C, 250 bar and 50 °C, 250 bar and 60 °C) in the particle formation of lycopene in HC to identify the best SC-CO2 condition. The resulting particles were characterized with respect to their morphology by scanning electron microscopy, size distribution by laser diffraction, thermal behavior by differential scanning calorimetry, chemical structure by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, charge release, and physical structure of the particles by confocal laser microscopy to know the mechanism of particle formation by SC-CO2 processing. The results indicated that HC is poorly soluble in SC-CO2 and therefore has no potential for supercritical micronization processes related to the solubility of the biomaterial in SC-CO2. In the study of ratios of HC/lycopene it was observed that the process with SC-CO2 at 140 bar and 50 °C allowed to obtain lycopene particles in HC with powder appearance of red color with intensity depending on the amount of initial lycopene, without important changes in the porous physical structure of HC, and an increase in particle size. It is recommended a 10:1 ratio of HC/lycopene, since this ratio showed less particle agglomeration, and formation of fissures on the surface of the particles facilitating the incorporation of lycopene into HC following a mechanism of supercritical impregnation propitiated by CO2 sorption and simultaneous drag of lycopene to the interior of the physical structure of the HC particles. In the exploration of other conditions of SC-CO2, at 60 °C (150/250 bar) a mass of viscoelastic appearance was obtained without utility for the formation of particles. However, at 50 °C was observed that the lycopene particles in HC formed with SC-CO2 at 150 bar, when compared with the particles formed with SC-CO2 at 250 bar evidenced the formation of fissures, which had positive influence in the dispersion and charge of lycopene in the internal structure of HC. In addition, analyzes of the thermal behavior and the infrared spectrum of these particles evidenced the formation of electrostatic interactions between lycopene and HC favored by SC-CO2 processing. Thus, it can be concluded that SC-CO2 processing at 140/150 bar and 50 °C could be used for the design of lycopene particles impregnated in HC, producing an ingredient with possible broad functional activity due to the biological activity of HC in connective tissues and the antioxidant activity of lycopene.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / A separaÃÃo de CO2 a partir de misturas gasosas industriais consiste em um importante tema tanto do ponto de vista cientÃfico quanto ambiental. O interesse suscitado pelo tema està diretamente relacionado à problemÃtica da presenÃa do diÃxido de carbono tanto nos gases de combustÃo (flue gas) quanto no gÃs natural (GN) e biogÃs. A absorÃÃo usando aminas à uma tecnologia madura que tem sido utilizado na indÃstria do gÃs natural para remoÃÃo de CO2. No entanto, apresenta algumas desvantagens, tais como corrosÃo dos equipamentos e alto consumo de energia para regenerar o absorvente. LÃquidos iÃnicos (LIs) tÃm sido propostos como uma alternativa aos solventes orgÃnicos, devido à baixa volatilidade e elevada solubilidade do CO2. Contudo, o seu elevado custo limita sua aplicaÃÃo em processos de separaÃÃo industriais por absorÃÃo. Neste contexto, a impregnaÃÃo de pequenas quantidades de LIs em suportes porosos tÃm sido recentemente reportada para prÃpositos de captura de CO2. Estruturas metalorgÃnicas tÃm sido apontadas como um adsorvente adequado devido a sua elevada capacidade de adsorÃÃo de CO2 e à possibilidade de acomodar molÃculas que lhes confiram novas funcionalidades. Neste trabalho, investigamos a adsorÃÃo de CO2 na estrutura metalorgÃnica Cu-BTC impregnada com lÃquidos iÃnicos por tÃcnicas experimentais e de simulaÃÃo molecular. Os lÃquidos iÃnicos utilizados para impregnaÃÃo foram o hexafluorofosfato de 1-butil-3- metilimidazÃlio (BMIM-PF6) e o bis(trifluorometilsulfonil)-imida de 1-butil-3-metilimidazÃlio (BMIM-Tf2N). No Ãmbito experimental, amostras comerciais de Cu-BTC foram impregnadas com LIs em diversas concentraÃÃes em peso (1, 5 e 10 wt%). Os materiais impregnados foram caracterizados por diversas tÃcnicas de caracterizaÃÃo e avaliados em relaÃÃo a adsorÃÃo de CO2. Os resultados mostraram que a impregnaÃÃo de LIs em Cu-BTC reduz a capacidade de adsorÃÃo de CO2, contrariamente ao que foi predito por simulaÃÃo molecular em trabalhos prÃvios. No contexto da simulaÃÃo molecular, foram realizadas simulaÃÃes de impregnaÃÃo para gerar estruturas impregnadas com diferentes quantidades de LI. SimulaÃÃes de adsorÃÃo de CO2, CH4 e N2 nas estruturas geradas foram realizadas utilizando o ensemble Grande CanÃnico (&#956;VT) para avaliar a presenÃa de LI na estrutura da Cu-BTC. Observou-se que a presenÃa de LI em vÃrias concentraÃÃes aumentou a capacidade adsortiva de CO2 a baixas pressÃes (atà ~ 3 bar), enquanto a adsorÃÃo dos outros gases nÃo foi significativamente alterada. Contudo, a baixas concentraÃÃes impregnada (5 %wt), a adsorÃÃo de CO2 nÃo foi sensÃvel à presenÃa do LI. Por outro lado, quando foi aumentada a quantidade de LI impregnada em nossos experimentos, houve uma rÃpida degradaÃÃo das propriedades texturais do material, conforme observado para amostra impregnada com 10 wt% de BMIM-PF6. Assim, aparentemente, os poros da Cu-BTC sÃo pequenos para incorporar lÃquidos iÃnicos nas concentraÃÃes que teoricamente levariam a maiores quantidades adsorvidas de CO2. / A separaÃÃo de CO2 a partir de misturas gasosas industriais consiste em um importante tema tanto do ponto de vista cientÃfico quanto ambiental. O interesse suscitado pelo tema està diretamente relacionado à problemÃtica da presenÃa do diÃxido de carbono tanto nos gases de combustÃo (flue gas) quanto no gÃs natural (GN) e biogÃs. A absorÃÃo usando aminas à uma tecnologia madura que tem sido utilizado na indÃstria do gÃs natural para remoÃÃo de CO2. No entanto, apresenta algumas desvantagens, tais como corrosÃo dos equipamentos e alto consumo de energia para regenerar o absorvente. LÃquidos iÃnicos (LIs) tÃm sido propostos como uma alternativa aos solventes orgÃnicos, devido à baixa volatilidade e elevada solubilidade do CO2. Contudo, o seu elevado custo limita sua aplicaÃÃo em processos de separaÃÃo industriais por absorÃÃo. Neste contexto, a impregnaÃÃo de pequenas quantidades de LIs em suportes porosos tÃm sido recentemente reportada para prÃpositos de captura de CO2. Estruturas metalorgÃnicas tÃm sido apontadas como um adsorvente adequado devido a sua elevada capacidade de adsorÃÃo de CO2 e à possibilidade de acomodar molÃculas que lhes confiram novas funcionalidades. Neste trabalho, investigamos a adsorÃÃo de CO2 na estrutura metalorgÃnica Cu-BTC impregnada com lÃquidos iÃnicos por tÃcnicas experimentais e de simulaÃÃo molecular. Os lÃquidos iÃnicos utilizados para impregnaÃÃo foram o hexafluorofosfato de 1-butil-3- metilimidazÃlio (BMIM-PF6) e o bis(trifluorometilsulfonil)-imida de 1-butil-3-metilimidazÃlio (BMIM-Tf2N). No Ãmbito experimental, amostras comerciais de Cu-BTC foram impregnadas com LIs em diversas concentraÃÃes em peso (1, 5 e 10 wt%). Os materiais impregnados foram caracterizados por diversas tÃcnicas de caracterizaÃÃo e avaliados em relaÃÃo a adsorÃÃo de CO2. Os resultados mostraram que a impregnaÃÃo de LIs em Cu-BTC reduz a capacidade de adsorÃÃo de CO2, contrariamente ao que foi predito por simulaÃÃo molecular em trabalhos prÃvios. No contexto da simulaÃÃo molecular, foram realizadas simulaÃÃes de impregnaÃÃo para gerar estruturas impregnadas com diferentes quantidades de LI. SimulaÃÃes de adsorÃÃo de CO2, CH4 e N2 nas estruturas geradas foram realizadas utilizando o ensemble Grande CanÃnico (&#956;VT) para avaliar a presenÃa de LI na estrutura da Cu-BTC. Observou-se que a presenÃa de LI em vÃrias concentraÃÃes aumentou a capacidade adsortiva de CO2 a baixas pressÃes (atà ~ 3 bar), enquanto a adsorÃÃo dos outros gases nÃo foi significativamente alterada. Contudo, a baixas concentraÃÃes impregnada (5 %wt), a adsorÃÃo de CO2 nÃo foi sensÃvel à presenÃa do LI. Por outro lado, quando foi aumentada a quantidade de LI impregnada em nossos experimentos, houve uma rÃpida degradaÃÃo das propriedades texturais do material, conforme observado para amostra impregnada com 10 wt% de BMIM-PF6. Assim, aparentemente, os poros da Cu-BTC sÃo pequenos para incorporar lÃquidos iÃnicos nas concentraÃÃes que teoricamente levariam a maiores quantidades adsorvidas de CO2.

O trabalho tem por finalidade o estudo teórico e experimental de ligações em estruturas de madeira com cavilhas de madeira de seção cilíndrica impregnadas com resinas estirênicas. A impregnação da madeira tem como objetivos: diminuir o processo de degradação, retardação ao fogo, melhorar a estabilidade dimensional e aumentar as propriedades de resistência e elasticidade da madeira. Foram determinados experimentalmente as características de resistência e elasticidade do material e posteriormente realizados ensaios de ligações padronizados com solicitação paralela e normal às fibras. Os resultados dos ensaios mostram aumento na resistência de compressão normal até 292% e aumento de 80% no limite de proporcionalidade da ligação. A madeira utilizada para a impregnação foi o Pinus de reflorestamento. / The aim of this work is a theorytical and experimental studies of joints in timber structures with wooden dowels of circular cross section impregnated with styrenic resins. The objetives of wood impregnation are to decrease the deterioration process, to promote fire retardation, to improve dimensional stability and mainly increase the compression strength and stiffiness of wood. The strength and stiffness properties of the material are determined. Standard joints tests are carried out in compression both parallel and perpendicular to grains. The test results increases of compression perpendicular strength up to 292% and the up to 80% proportional limit joint. The wood used for impregnation was Pinus from reforestation sites.

Cette thèse s’inscrit dans le domaine de la catalyse hétérogène pour des applications en raffinage et en pétrochimie. Plus particulièrement, nous avons choisi d’étudier le cas des catalyseurs d’hydrotraitement largement utilisés dans les procédés de conversion du pétrole en carburant. Ces catalyseurs sont constitués d’une phase métallique sulfurée supporté sur un support poreux inorganique.Dans ce travail, nous nous sommes particulièrement intéressés à la compréhension et la modélisation de la première étape de préparation d’un catalyseur d’hydrotraitement : l’étape d’imprégnation. Une méthodologie innovante basée sur la technique d’imagerie RMN qui permet d’observer operando le transport des précurseurs métalliques dans le support et sur la technique d’Imagerie Raman a été développée. Les résolutions spatiales et temporelles obtenues ont permis de valider cette méthodologie pour caractériser l’étape d’imprégnation en termes de phénomènes physiques (capillarité et diffusion) et chimiques (interaction de surface) et pour identifier les descripteurs clés de cette étape.En conclusion, ces travaux permettront un meilleur contrôle de l'étape d'imprégnation et donc du profil de distribution de la phase active, ce qui aura une forte répercussion sur la performance catalytique / The objective of this work is to characterize the impregnation step in terms of physical phenomena (capillarity and diffusion) and chemical phenomena (surface interaction) in order to identify the key descriptors of this step in order to improve the preparation hydrotreating catalysts. This involves monitor spatial and temporally the transport of the species in the impregnation solution within the porosity, more particularly in the case of Ni(Co)MoP/?-Al2O3 catalysts preparation.An original MRI approach has been developed to follow in-situ the impregnation step from a solution of mixed nature with more than one metal precursor in the presence of an additive. MRI provides access to the spatial distribution of all species within the catalyst with a spatial resolution of 39 × 39 µm. Raman imaging allows an identification of the chemical nature of the species in solution with a spatial resolution of 16.2 × 16.2 µm.First, the phenomena involved in the impregnation of model solutions composed of Ni (or Co), were studied by modifying the parameters of the solution. These experiments were then used as the basis for the development of a mathematical model to rationalize the impregnation step. In a second part, this study was extended to the preparation of hydrotreatment catalysts. Several phenomena have been evaluated here, notably the impact of the presence of phosphorus on the transport of Mo species, possible competition of adsorption between P, Co and Mo and the effect of the presence of citric acid.This study allows a better control of the impregnation step and thus of the distribution profile of the active phase, which has an impact on the catalytic performance