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Expression of Immune-Related Genes in the Pacific White Shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei and Their odulation by beta-glucan via Oral AdministrationWang, Yu-Chi 04 July 2007 (has links)
The present study investigated the expression profiles of nine genes involved in immune defense of the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei and their responses to oral administration of beta-1,3-glucan. The nine immune related genes were beta-glucan binding protein-high density lipoprotein (BGBP-HDL), lipopolysaccharide/beta-glucan binding protein (LGBP), hemocyanin, prophenoloxidase (proPO), transglutaminase (TGase), penaeidin-3 (PEN-3), crustin, cytosolic manganese superoxide dismutase (cMnSOD), and lysozyme. A series of experiments were carried out in the study including: (1) cDNA cloning and characterization of proPO and LGBP; (2) tissue mRNA expressions of the nine genes in adult shrimp; (3) expression and localization of the nine genes during larval and postlarval ontogenic development; (4) the effects of dietary beta-1,3-glucan on the expression of the nine genes.
The cDNA cloning study showed that the proPO cDNA contains an open reading frame of 2061 bp and encodes a 686 amino-acid peptide. The protein sequence of the proPO has a similarity of 85% with those of Penaeus monodon and P. semisulcatus and has an identity of between 58 and 77% with other crustaceans. Northern blot analysis revealed that proPO was constitutively expressed mainly in hemocytes. Its transcripts were observed in hemocytes and many other tissues when detected with RT-PCR. The results of in situ hybridizations showed that the hemocytes that infiltrated in tissues were responsible for the positive signals. The LGBP cDNA contains an open reading frame of 1104 bp and encodes a 367 amino-acid protein with a 17 a. a. signal peptide. The protein sequence of the LGBP has a similarity of 97% with LGBP of L. stylirostris, >90% identity with BGBP of P. monodon and LGBP of Fenneropenaeus chinensis and has an identity of between 63 and 86% with other crustaceans. Northern blot analysis revealed that LGBP was constitutively expressed mainly in hepatopancreas. The results of in situ hybridizations showed that the hepatopancreatic F cells might be the major cell type for LGBP production.
Using the complete cDNAs of proPO and LGBP and partial fragments of the other seven genes, their tissue expressions were analyzed by conventional RT-PCR, quantitative real time PCR (qPCR) and in situ hybridization. The results demonstrated that BGBP-HDL, LGBP and hemocyanin were mainly expressed in the hepatopancreas and their expressions levels were about 10 to 30% those of
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Encapsulation and controlled release of active DNA from uncrosslinked gelatin microspheresHardin, James 12 December 2011 (has links)
Cancer is a disease that varies dramatically from person to person due to the specifics of the individual's physiology and the source of the cancer. In most cases, the origin of the cancer can be determined but metastasis can lead to tumors anywhere and thus many cancers require treatment of the whole body. Since many of the drugs that are used to treat cancer are toxic to healthy cells as well as cancerous ones, there has been considerable interest in developing ways to convey the drug specifically to the cancer cells with minimal exposure to healthy cells. Colloid drug delivery vehicles have shown considerable progress toward this end, while also reducing degradation of the drug prior to delivery to targeted sites (particularly important for oligonucleotide and protein therapeutics), and controlling release rates.
Toward the end of improved drug delivery, this thesis work investigates the encapsulation of DNA in gelatin microspheres (GMS) and the subsequent temperature controlled release of the encapsulated DNA from these GMS. DNA-loaded GMS were then used as templates for colloidal satellite assemblies and the released DNA was shown to competitively displace the original partner strands of immobilized DNA on the surface of the assemblies. To support these investigations, hybridization of DNA at colloidal surfaces was also investigated using in situ measurements and found to significantly deviate from solution behavior. DNA hybridization is of particular interest as means of controlling the functionality of colloidal structures because it is uniquely reversible and tunable as well as biocompatible. Gelatin was chosen as the encapsulation matrix for its superior biocompatibility, convenient gel to liquid phase transition at ~35 oC, and economical availability.
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Non-Boolean characterization of Homer1a intranuclear transcription fociLi Witharana, Wing Kar January 2011 (has links)
Activity-induced immediate-early gene (IEG) transcription foci can be labelled with fluorescent probes, permitting high temporal and spatial resolution in mapping neuronal circuits. Previous quantification approaches have assumed a Boolean function of transcription foci, assuming that cells are either active or inactive. Due to multiple amplification steps in the in situ hybridization process, it was thought that information relating to magnitudes of firing rates was lost. However, the current data suggest that transcription foci actually exhibit non-Boolean intensity and size values which vary according to behavioural condition. Systematic characterization of transcription foci intensity and size revealed incremental variations such that: home-cage < one-environment exposure < five-environment exposure < maximal electroconvulsive shock. Visual differences in transcription foci may result from a quantifiable relationship between spiking patterns and transcription rates. The exact stoichiometry between neuronal spiking and transcription is not yet clear, but these results suggest that Boolean applications of IEG imaging may neglect accurate neuronal activation properties. / xvi, 125 leaves : ill. ; 29 cm
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Detection of donor cells in recipient tissues after stem cell transplantation using FISH and immunophenotypi Stem cell transplantationng /Jansson, Monika. January 2007 (has links)
Lic. -avh. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2007. / Härtill 3 uppsatser.
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Structure, function and evolution of human subtelomeres /Linardopoulou, Elena, January 2005 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2005. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 214-243).
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Isolamento e caracterização de sequências de PISTILLATA em bromeliaceae e estudo de expressão em tecidos florais de Tillandsia aeranthos (Loisel.) LB Sm.Gaeta, Marcos Letaif January 2016 (has links)
Bromeliaceae é uma família importante entre as monocotiledôneas devido ao seu elevado número de espécies distribuídas no Neotrópico, e por uma riqueza de caracteres adaptativos a diferentes habitats. Flores de bromélias possuem uma grande variação morfológica, frequentemente negligenciada em estudos de morfoanatomia e de filogenia. Para uma melhor compreensão dos mecanismos de desenvolvimento que levam a essas variações, foram analisados aspectos moleculares e evolutivos do fator de transcrição MADS-box PISTILLATA (PI), a partir de sequências de transcritos isolados de inflorescências de bromélias nativas brasileiras. Sequências PI de Bromeliaceae foram comparadas com outras monocotiledôneas, com verificação de expressão em inflorescências de Tillandsia aeranthos (Loisel.) LB Sm. com o uso de hibridação in situ. Sequências de PI mostraram alta conservação, inclusive em um sítio de deleção encontrado para todos os membros analisados da família. Todos os membros da família se agruparam em um único clado em reconstruções filogenéticas. Entretanto, devido a características de taxas de mutações rápidas e divergência antiga do gene, não foi possível obter uma relação precisa entre diferentes famílias ou ordens. Todavia, PI mostrou ter potencial como ferramenta de análise filogenética para espécies proximamente relacionadas. Os transcritos de PI foram localizados principalmente em tecidos meristemáticos de regiões menos desenvolvidas de inflorescências de Tillandsia aeranthos. Flores mais desenvolvidas presentes nas inflorescências mostraram um padrão de acúmulo preferencial de transcritos PI em pétalas e sépalas, assim como esperado para flores com perianto diferenciado em sépalas e pétalas. De qualquer forma, Tillandsia aeranthos se mostrou eficiente para estudos morfoanatômicos com enfoque em desenvolvimento evolutivo. / Bromeliaceae is an important monocotyledon family due to its high number of species in the Neotropic, and a wealth of adaptive characters to different habitats. Bromeliad flowers have large morphological variations, often neglected in morpho-anatomy, floral development and phylogeny studies. For a better understanding of its floral developmental mechanisms that lead to morphological variations, molecular and evolutionary aspects of the transcription factor MADS-box PISTILLATA (PI) encoding gene isolated had been investigated in native bromeliad inflorescences. Bromeliaceae PI sequences were compared with other monocots, and the expression of these transcripts was detected in Tillandsia aeranthos (Loisel.) LB Sm. inflorescences using in situ hybridization. The PI sequences display high conservation, including a specific deletion site found in all family members. Likewise, all Bromeliaceae members grouped into a single clade in phylogeny reconstruction. However, due to rapid mutation rate and ancient divergence in PI, it was not possible to obtain a precise relationship between different monocot families and orders. Nevertheless, PI showed potential as a phylogenetic tool for analysis between closely related species. PI transcripts were located mainly in meristematic tissues from less developed regions of the inflorescences. More developed flowers showed a preferential PI transcripts accumulation in petals and stamens as expected for differentiated perianth, found in Bromeliaceae flowers. Anyway, Tillandsia aeranthos showed good potential skills for morpho-anatomy focused in evolutionary development.
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Investigação da amplificação do EGFR em carcinoma de células escamosas de boca em pacientes jovens / EGFR amplification in oral squamous cell carcinoma of young patientsCosta, Victor Bernardes Barroso da [UNESP] 21 January 2016 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2016-01-21 / Item merged in doublecheck by Felipe Augusto Arakaki (arakaki@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-03-21T13:12:44Z
Item was identical to item(s): 135509, 132061 at handle(s): http://hdl.handle.net/11449/136305, http://hdl.handle.net/11449/132945 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas (FAPEAM) / O carcinoma de células escamosas (CEC) de boca é uma neoplasia incomum em pacientes jovens. Na literatura de língua inglesa não há relatos de estudos que investiguem a amplificação do EGFR e a expressão desta proteína neste grupo etário. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a amplificação do EGFR através da técnica de hibridização por fluorescência in situ (FISH) e correlacionar os resultados obtidos através da imunomarcação da proteína EGFR com a epidemiologia e com o prognóstico dos pacientes avaliados. Ao final dos testes de FISH e imuno- histoquímicos, 21 amostras do grupo teste (pacientes ≤ 40 anos) e 39 amostras do grupo controle (pacientes ≥ 50 anos) foram consideradas adequadas para avaliação. As variáveis clínicas e anatomopatológicas foram comparadas pelos testes Qui-Quadrado ou exato de Fisher. A expressão do marcador EGFR e do método de FISH foi comparada entre os grupos por meio do teste não paramétrico de Mann-Whitney. As curvas de sobrevida foram calculadas utilizando o método de Kaplan-Meier e suas curvas foram comparadas através do teste de log-rank. Houve maior número de pacientes do sexo masculino, leucodermas, tabagistas e etilistas. A amplificação do EGFR foi maior no grupo teste (p = 0,018). A amplificação do EGFR associou-se estatisticamente com a variável estadiamento clínico avançado (p = 0,013), independente do grupo. A expressão da proteína EGFR correlacionou-se com tumores bem diferenciados (p = 0,011) e a presença de metástase (p = 0,035), independente da idade. A presença de amplificação foi mais frequente no grupo tese. Alguns casos de pacientes ≥40 anos de idade podem ser adequados ao emprego da terapia anti-EGFR, devido à amplificação do EGFR. / Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is uncommon neoplasia in young patients. In the English literature, there are no reports of studies that investigate the amplification of EGFR and expression of this protein in this age group. The aim of this study was to investigate the amplification of EGFR by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and to correlate the results by immunostaining of EGFR protein with clinicopathological features and prognosis. After FISH and immunohistochemistry, 21 samples of the test group (≤ 40 years) and 39 samples of control group (≥ 50 years) were suitable for evaluating. Categorical variables were compared by the Pearson chi-square test or Fisher's exact test. Associations between protein levels and FISH results with clinicopathological characteristics of the patients were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U test. Survival rates were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method and the curves were compared by the log-rank test. There was predominance for male patients, leucoderma, smoking and alcohol consumption. The EGFR amplification was higher in the test group (p = 0.018) and it was associated statistically with advanced clinical stage (p = 0.013), independent of the group. The expression of EGFR protein was correlated to well differentiated tumors (p = 0.011) and presence of metastasis (p = 0.035), regardless of age. Presence of EGFR amplification and/or expression. Some cases of patients ≥40 years old might be suitable for anti-EGFR therapy because of EGFR amplification. / FAPEAM: 254/2014
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Isolamento e caracterização de sequências de PISTILLATA em bromeliaceae e estudo de expressão em tecidos florais de Tillandsia aeranthos (Loisel.) LB Sm.Gaeta, Marcos Letaif January 2016 (has links)
Bromeliaceae é uma família importante entre as monocotiledôneas devido ao seu elevado número de espécies distribuídas no Neotrópico, e por uma riqueza de caracteres adaptativos a diferentes habitats. Flores de bromélias possuem uma grande variação morfológica, frequentemente negligenciada em estudos de morfoanatomia e de filogenia. Para uma melhor compreensão dos mecanismos de desenvolvimento que levam a essas variações, foram analisados aspectos moleculares e evolutivos do fator de transcrição MADS-box PISTILLATA (PI), a partir de sequências de transcritos isolados de inflorescências de bromélias nativas brasileiras. Sequências PI de Bromeliaceae foram comparadas com outras monocotiledôneas, com verificação de expressão em inflorescências de Tillandsia aeranthos (Loisel.) LB Sm. com o uso de hibridação in situ. Sequências de PI mostraram alta conservação, inclusive em um sítio de deleção encontrado para todos os membros analisados da família. Todos os membros da família se agruparam em um único clado em reconstruções filogenéticas. Entretanto, devido a características de taxas de mutações rápidas e divergência antiga do gene, não foi possível obter uma relação precisa entre diferentes famílias ou ordens. Todavia, PI mostrou ter potencial como ferramenta de análise filogenética para espécies proximamente relacionadas. Os transcritos de PI foram localizados principalmente em tecidos meristemáticos de regiões menos desenvolvidas de inflorescências de Tillandsia aeranthos. Flores mais desenvolvidas presentes nas inflorescências mostraram um padrão de acúmulo preferencial de transcritos PI em pétalas e sépalas, assim como esperado para flores com perianto diferenciado em sépalas e pétalas. De qualquer forma, Tillandsia aeranthos se mostrou eficiente para estudos morfoanatômicos com enfoque em desenvolvimento evolutivo. / Bromeliaceae is an important monocotyledon family due to its high number of species in the Neotropic, and a wealth of adaptive characters to different habitats. Bromeliad flowers have large morphological variations, often neglected in morpho-anatomy, floral development and phylogeny studies. For a better understanding of its floral developmental mechanisms that lead to morphological variations, molecular and evolutionary aspects of the transcription factor MADS-box PISTILLATA (PI) encoding gene isolated had been investigated in native bromeliad inflorescences. Bromeliaceae PI sequences were compared with other monocots, and the expression of these transcripts was detected in Tillandsia aeranthos (Loisel.) LB Sm. inflorescences using in situ hybridization. The PI sequences display high conservation, including a specific deletion site found in all family members. Likewise, all Bromeliaceae members grouped into a single clade in phylogeny reconstruction. However, due to rapid mutation rate and ancient divergence in PI, it was not possible to obtain a precise relationship between different monocot families and orders. Nevertheless, PI showed potential as a phylogenetic tool for analysis between closely related species. PI transcripts were located mainly in meristematic tissues from less developed regions of the inflorescences. More developed flowers showed a preferential PI transcripts accumulation in petals and stamens as expected for differentiated perianth, found in Bromeliaceae flowers. Anyway, Tillandsia aeranthos showed good potential skills for morpho-anatomy focused in evolutionary development.
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Linfomas osseos primarios : estudo comparativo com linfomas nodais e linfomas osseos metastaticos quanto a imunoexpressão de proteinas relacionadas a apoptose, regulação do ciclo celular e adesão celular / Primary bone lymphomas : comparison of the immunoexpression of apoptosis related proteins and adhesion molecules with nodal lymphomas and lymphomas metastatic to boneLima, Francisco Pignataro 02 November 2008 (has links)
Orientadores: Eliane Maria Ingrid Amstalden, Jose Vasallo / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T14:26:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Cerca de 20% a 40% dos linfomas não-Hodgkin (LNH) B são extranodais e caracterizam-se por comportamento biológico distinto, de acordo com o seu sítio de origem e variante histológica. Linfoma ósseo primário (LOP), uma forma extranodal rara, apresenta-se na maior parte dos casos como LNH B de alto grau e evolui com bom prognóstico. Os estudos sobre o LOP são escassos e suas características imunofenotípicas e citogenéticas ainda não estão bem definidas. Neste trabalho, foram analisados três grupos de linfomas difusos de grandes células B (LDGCB): a) ósseos primários, B) nodais e c) metastáticos (com envolvimento ósseo secundário). Foram investigados, nesses grupos, dados clínicos e de sobrevida, aspectos morfológicos, imunofenotípicos e citogenéticos. Na análise imunoistoquímica, foi verificado o estudo das moléculas envolvidas na apoptose e regulação do ciclo celular (Bcl-2, Bax, p53, Bcl-6, p21, pRB) moléculas envolvidas na adesão celular (CD29, CD62L, CD44, CD51) índice de proliferação celular (Ki-67) e expressão das subpopulações de células infiltrantes do sistema imune (CD3, CD4, CD5, CD8, CD57, CD68, Foxp3) com objetivo de melhor caracterizar o LOP. Foram selecionados no total 138 casos de LDGCB, provenientes dos departamentos de Anatomia Patológica FCM-UNICAMP, Hospital AC.-Camargo - Fundação Antônio Prudente, Instituto de Traumatologia e Ortopedia da USP e Centre Hospitalier Universitarie (CHU Purpan). Do total de 138, 76 casos eram linfomas ósseos primários, 46 casos linfomas nodais e 16 casos linfomas com envolvimento ósseo secundário. Nossos resultados demonstraram que o LOP possui características evolutivas que diferem dos demais LDGCB extranodais. Observamos que a maioria dos LDGCB ósseos primários (66%) pertenceram ao imunofenótipo centro germinativo (CG) e não exibiram diferenciação plasmacítica. Os três grupos de LDGCB analisados exibiram forte imunoexpressão das proteínas relacionadas à apoptose e ao ciclo celular enquanto que a imunoexpressão de moléculas de adesão foi fraca ou ausente, na maioria dos casos. O estudo da sobrevida, envolvendo a ausência da imunoexpressão das moléculas de adesão CD29, CD62L e CD51, nos três grupos, revelou-se significativamente associada com melhor sobrevida. O significado biológico deste achado ainda está para ser esclarecido. O CD44 foi o mais fortemente expresso nas células tumorais. As moléculas envolvidas na apoptose Bax e p53 foram relacionadas à pior evolução e o pRB à evolução favorável nos LOP. As proteínas Bcl-2 e Bcl-6 foram expressas nos três grupos de linfomas. Com a análise em 32 casos de LOP das principais translocações em LNH (MYC, BCL2/IGH, BCL6, ALK, IGH/CCND1 e PAX5), conseguimos caracterizar melhor esta entidade. Rearranjos, envolvendo o BCL2 e MYC foram encontrados, entretanto não ocorreram rearranjos do BCL6. Os demais genes não demonstraram translocações. Estes achados indicam que o LOP deve ser considerado uma categoria distinta de LDGCB extranodal, com aspectos genéticos e moleculares mais próximos dos nodais / Abstract: The incidence of extranodal lymphomas is increasing in the last decades. Around 20 to 40% of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) arise outside the lymph nodes and may present distinct biological behavior, as compared to the corresponding nodal counterpart of similar histological grade. The heterogeneity of large B-cell lymphomas (LBCL) has been matter of various studies, although morphology alone may be insufficient to separate groups of clinical relevance, immunophenotyping and molecular techniques have demonstrated that different variants of LBCL may present diverse clinical and prognostic features. Primary bone lymphoma (PBL) is rare form of extra nodal NHL, which generally presents a more favorable prognosis than the nodal counterpart. The reason for this is unclear. We selected a large series (n=138) of nodal NHL (N=46), primary (n=76) and metastatic (n=16) bone diffuse large cell lymphomas collected in tissue micro-arrays from several centers in France and Brazil. We investigated to be comparing clinical, morphological and immunophenotypic features. Immunohistochemical detection of proliferation markers, apoptosis related proteins and adhesion molecules was be marked. Our results demonstrated that primary bone LDGCB possesses peculiar clinical characteristics that you differ of the other extranodal LDGCB as the longest evolution and smaller recurrence tax. The three groups of LDGCB exhibited strong immunoexpression of the related proteins the apoptosis and cellular cycle while the immunoexpression of adhesion molecules was weak or absentee in most of the cases. These cases were classified according to the expression of antigens with germinal center (GC) (n=37/62) or non germinal center (non-GC) (n=26/62) stages of B-cell differentiation. The study of the survival involving the absence of the imunoexpressão of the adhesion molecules CD29, CD62L and CD51 in the three groups was revealed significantly associated with better outcome. The biological meaning of this discovery is still to be explained. CD44 was it more strongly expressed in the tumor cells and it demonstrated relationship away with inferior survival without statistical significance. The molecules involved in the apoptosis Bax and p53 were related the worst evolution and the pRB the favorable evolution in PBL. The proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-6 were expressed in the three lymphomas groups and associated the worst evolution, however without significance. By fluorescence in situ hybridization, we found a substantial number of cases with a rearrangement of BCL2 (n=9/32) and MYC (n= 3/32) whereas PAX5, BCL6, BCL-1/Cyclin D1 and ALK genes were in germ line configuration. Interestingly, one case, with GC phenotype, showed a dual BCL2 and MYC rearrangement. We observed that the majority of the cases with rearrangements were of GC phenotype. These results, associated with the lack of BCL6 rearrangement, suggest that bone DLBCL represents a specific group within extranodal B-cell lymphomas. Keywords: diffuse large cell lymphoma, adhesion molecules, apoptosis, fluorescent in situ hybridization / Doutorado / Anatomia Patologica / Doutor em Ciências Médicas
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Avaliação histologica e da expressão genica de BMP e Wnt no endometrio durante a implantação embrionaria em bovinos / Histological and BMP and Wnt gene expression evaluation in the bovine endometrium during embryo implantationAires, Marlucia Bastos 13 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Aureo Tatsumi Yamada / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T00:51:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: A implantação embrionária implica em alterações profundas do ambiente uterino, cujos eventos devem obedecer uma sincronia temporal e espacial com o estágio do desenvolvimento embrionário. Qualquer desequilíbrio nesta sincronia resulta em interrupção da gestação e o desconhecimento dos mecanismos que atuam nas interações materno-fetais inviabilizam as possíveis intervenções buscando controlar as causas que levam às perdas iniciais da gestação. Visando contribuir para a melhor compreensão da biologia da resposta uterina de bovinos, o presente trabalho utilizou úteros de bovinos (Bos spp) não gestantes (NG) e gestantes nos períodos correspondentes à implantação embrionária para a coleta de fragmentos das regiões carunculares (CAR) e intercarunculares (IC). Esses fragmentos foram processadas para embebição em parafina destinadas às análises histológicas e obtenção de RNA total para realização de RT-PCR semi-quantitativo dos morfógenos Bmp2, Wnt2, Wnt5a, Wnt7a, e de seus antagonistas Sostdc1, Noggin, Dkk1 e Sfrp2. Pela análise histológica do desenvolvimento da mucosa uterina da região CAR foram estabelecidos os critérios morfológicos das seqüências de alterações da histoarquitetura endometrial em resposta à implantação embrionária constituindo quatro grupos (P1-P4) definindo os períodos gestacionais correspondentes, quais sejam: P1 (20-26 dg) - adesão das células trofoblásticas na superfície apical das células epiteliais e/ou entremeadas no revestimento epitelial, P2 (28-33 dg) - presença de projeções digitiformes na superfície da região CAR e tecido epitelial uterino constantemente rompido em ambas as regiões CAR e IC, P3 (35-40 dg) - expansão das projeções da região CAR formando uma rede anastomosada, entremeada pelo córion e P4 (50-60dg) - consolidação do placentônio. A ruptura das células epiteliais observada em P2 demonstra a fragilidade da interação epitélio-córion neste período que pode estar diretamente relacionada com a alta freqüência de perdas gestacionais em bovinos particularmente durante a implantação embrionária. A reação imunocitoquímica para anti-PCNA demonstrou uma marcação crescente no epitélio (E) e estrato subepitelial (ES), particularmente nas projeções da CAR de P1 a P4 e em menor proporção no E e estrato compacto (EC) da IC, confirmando a intensa atividade proliferativa associada com a hipertrofia endometrial. As análises da expressão genica através de RT-PCR, demonstraram a presença dos transcritos de Bmp2, Sostdc1, Noggin, Wnt2, Wnt5a, Wnt7a, Sfrp2 e Dkk1, e pela hibridização in situ, confirmaram-se as expressões localizadas dos genes Bmp2, Wnt5a, Wnt7a, Dkk1, Sfrp2, além dos receptores Bmpr1a e Bmpr2 no E+ES da CAR e E+EC da IC no útero NG e gestantes de P1 a P4. A expressào de Bmp2 foi maior na CAR em relação a IC em P1 e P2 o que sugere uma participação importante na ativação da resposta da região CAR relacionada com a implantação embrionária, enquanto o Wnt5a parece não atuar neste período. A redução da expressão de Wnt2 em P1, indica uma regulação negativa na CAR e IC no inicio da implantação, enquanto que a menor expressão de Wnt7a na CAR em relação a IC sugere que este gene não está relacionado com as principais alterações observadas nessa região. A maior expressão de Dkk1 e Sfrp2 na CAR em relação à IC, sugere a participação na atividade celular da região CAR, porém não apresenta relação direta com a expressão dos genes Wnt analisados, assim como a ausência de Sostdc1 no endométrio e a menor expressão de Noggin demonstram não serem estes os antagonistas principais de BMP que atuam no endométrio bovino. A expressão de Wnt e Bmp em conjunto com seus antagonistas simultaneamente nas regiões CAR e IC atesta a dependência da ação múltipla e sinérgica/antagônica de vários fatores na modulação da resposta da mucosa uterina na implantação embrionária e durante o desenvolvimento da placentação sinepitéliocorial. / Abstract: The embryo implantation implies in deep changes of the uterine environment which events must be topologically and chronologically synchronized with embryo development stage. Any imbalance in this synchronization results in disruption of the gestation and the lack of knowledge regarding the mechanisms of maternal-fetal interaction make difficult any potential action intending to control the causes which induce early gestational loss. Aiming to contribute to a better understanding of the biology of bovine uterine response, the present work evaluated the caruncle (CAR) and intercaruncle (IC) regions collected from non-pregnant (NG) and pregnant bovine uteri (Bos spp) and processed for paraffin embedding and submitted to histological analysis, RNA isolation for RT-PCR of Bmp2, Wnt2, Wnt5a and Wnt7a morphogen genes and their antagonists Sostdc1, Noggin, Dkk1 and Sfrp2 gene expression. By histological analysis of CAR uterine mucosa development, the morphological criteria of the endometrial histoarchitecture changes sequences were established and adopted to compose four groups (P1- P4) with corresponding gestational stages: P1 (20-26 gd) - adhesion of throphoblast cells on the apical surface of epithelium cells and/or between them, P2 (28-33 gd) - villous-like projections on the CAR surface and areas of disrupted or absence of epithelial cells on both
CAR and IC regions, P3 (35-40 gd) - expansion of villous-like projections resulting in an anastomosis mesh where chorion villi intrude, P4 (50-60 gd) - placentome consolidation. The constant disruption of epithelial cells seen in P2 evidenced the fragility of epithelium-chorion interaction that may be related to the high incidence of bovine pregnancy loss particularly during embryo implantation. The immunocytochemistry for PCNA demonstrated reactivity in epithelium (E) and subepithelium stratum (SS), particularly on CAR villous-like projections from P1-P4 and in a less frequent proportion in the epithelium (E) and compactum stratum (CS) from IC, demonstrating the intense proliferative activity associated with endometrial hypertrophy. The gene expression analysis by RT-PCR (Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction) confirmed the transcripts for Bmp2, Sostdc1, Noggin, Wnt2, Wnt5a, Wnt7a, Sfrp2 and Dkk1, and by In situ hybridization the localized expression of Bmp2, Wnt5a, Wnt7a, Dkk1, Sfrp2, and also Bmpr1a and Bmpr2 receptors in E+SS and E+CS in NG and P1-P4 uteri. The Bmp2 expression was higher on CAR when compared to IC in P1 and P2 which suggest an important involvement on CAR response activation related to embryo implantation, whereas Wnt5a does not seem to participate at this period. The decreased expression of Wnt2 in P1 point out a negative regulation on CAR and IC in the beginning of implantation, while the lower expression of Wnt7a in CAR when compared to IC suggest that this is not the main gene related to changes of CAR in pregnancy. The highest expression of Dkk1 and Sfrp2 on CAR when compared to IC indicate their participation on the cellular activity on the CAR region, but it is not involved directly with the expression of Wnt genes analyzed, as well as the absence of Sostdc1 on the endometrium and the lowest expression of Noggin demonstrated that they are not the main BMP antagonists acting on bovine endometrium. The expression of Wnt and Bmp together with their antagonists simultaneously on CAR and IC regions attest the multiple and synergic/antagonic action of several factors on the modulation of uterine mucosa response during the embryo implantation and development of synepitheliochorial placentation. / Doutorado / Histologia / Doutor em Biologia Celular e Estrutural
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