Electric vehicles offer a method of transportation where the energy generation process is moved from the on-board engine to the electrical generation system. The Canadian electrical generation mix has a significant portion of low carbon and renewable sources. This low environmental impact source of energy is then transferred to electric vehicles when they are charged from the grid. This thesis analyses the energy flow for such electric vehicles, particularly buses. Battery systems and charger technology, core to the vehicle operations, are examined; looking at energy flow from plug to wheels. Field data collected from on-board recordings and simultaneous Global Positioning System (GPS) signals were used to develop a new predictive model for an electric bus. The mathematical model for the electric bus was then compared with a similar sized diesel engine vehicle model using the Powertrain System Analysis Toolkit (PSAT). The operational energy cost of the electric bus is contrasted with a similarly sized Compression Ignition (CI) engine bus and was found to be very favourable. Also cost effective battery system upgrades to the present system were analysed for improved return on investment. / UOIT

Surrogate motherhood abounds in nineteenth-century fiction. Governesses, nurses, aunts, and close family friends often form strong attachments with young girls, guiding them through life and their comings-of-age. Many surrogate mothers train their “daughters” according to the rules of societal expectations that mothers and daughters have cordial, respectful relationships, where the mother is unselfish, loving, and sympathetic toward her respectful, obedient, honest daughter. Many other nineteenth-century novels, however, depict surrogate mothers who are cruel, selfish, and unloving toward their “daughters.” While the role of the surrogate mother exists in various forms, it is regardless a strong presence in nineteenth-century fiction that leads daughters to choose to become surrogate mothers themselves.

The purpose of this thesis is to find evidence if cult houses existed on Gotland during the Bronze Age. The cult house is a common term in modern Bronze Age archaeology and the general definitions of cult house are discussed and why cult houses seem to be absent on Gotland. In this thesis the cult house are discussed as a phenomenon, and the possibilities to find Bronze Age cult houses on Gotland are evaluated by making comparisons between Gotland houses with already defined cult houses from the Swedish mainland. Some known cult houses are presented in more detail as case studies, together with house remains on Gotland which could have potential to be defined as cult houses.

The purpose of this study is twofold. Firstly, it is a feasibility study intended to contribute tofurther research on the municipal authority to mitigate green house gas emissions. This will bedone by studying the municipal authority on green house gas mitigation measures in threeSwedish municipalities. To fulfil the purpose the following questions are set to be answered.What is the municipal authority over green house gas mitigation measures in these threemunicipalities?- What is the formal ability of municipalities in Sweden to act on GHG mitigation?- What measures do these three municipalities use to mitigate GHG emissions?- How do the municipalities consider their climate authority?The study focused on measures within three sectors; traffic and transport; energy, andinformation and out-reaches. Transport and energy make up the main sources of GHGemissions in the municipalities, and information was a common measure.4 categories of authority were developed; Legal authority, Economic authority, Climatecompetence and Collaborations, this to get a picture of what influenced climate authority. Theidea for this came from previous research that involved aspects similar to the categories. Theresult showed that municipal climate authority is quite relative, the categories are relevant, butpolitical will and ambitions on tackling climate change are decisive. In the transport sector themunicipal authority was restricted due to the authority of other actors. The authority in theenergy sector was limited because national legislation had precedence.The municipal climate authority is considered strong within its own organisation, themunicipal role as wide and involving many responsibilities. The role was described as widerthan the municipal authority. Most of the climate measures are directed towards themunicipality’s own organisation, the premises of the municipality and the services it provides.Outside the municipal organisation and services, but within its geographic unit, in the specificmeasures developed in this study, the climate authority was weaker and mainly exercisedthrough collaborations. The municipalities are not using their climate authority in full. Byimplementing measures like climate considerations in public procurement, their authoritycould be improved.

The paper deals with the issue of the export problems of Latvian food producers to Sweden. Theory on trading houses and the problems and obstacles that Latvian food producers have in exporting to Sweden are analyzed. Subsequently, the attitude of the Swedish gatekeepers towards the country of origin is studied. By validating Peng and Ilinich propositions in this context, paper contributes to the theory of trading houses as a way of overcoming trading obstacles in exporting.

Abstract The development of economic improves the requirement of the high quality of life, and the focus of housing marketing have turned from the amount issues to the quality issues. Thus, the markets of luxury houses were due to be born. Filled with mansions, the New Civic Center of Taichung has become a arena of the building companies. In addition to the real estate boom, whether the sales of the cases of luxury houses could reach the targets is depend importantly on how much the building company grasps the market demand. Therefore, to target customers through accurate market positioning is a prerequisite for product sales, and the use of STP marketing is exactly a key management tool. Based on the background and motivation, there are five objectives of the research, including: (1) understanding the concept of real estates; (2) understanding the concept of luxury houses; (3) understanding the theoretical basis of STP; (4) exploring the development of luxury house markets in Taichung; and (5) using STP to develop the marketing strategy of the luxury house cases for Longbao Building. This research adopts the method of Secondary Data Collection and uses the case study of single-case design and single-analzing unit. It concludes four summaries in the study: 1. There are three types of segment variables in Taichung luxury house market: (1) geographic variables ¡V regional distribution; (2) demographic variables ¡V family income, occupation, and family structure; (3) buying behavior variables ¡V product purpose, product characteristics preference, and brand image. 2. Six market segments are deduced in Taichung luxury house market. 3. Based on the SWOT analysis of Longbao, this study regards the six market segments as the target luxury house market in Taichung. 4. The main target market of Longbao Building in Taichung luxury house marketare are "Segments C" and "Segments E", which use the existing cases as product positioning and high prices as pricing policy. In addition, the direct access model by the building company is adopted. The demand was good and for the promotion of environmental quality, quality of community culture, a strong facility of life, complete major construction, transport facilities, closing the political, economic, social and other locations.

The digital era has brought enormous changes to traditional industries, among which the music industry has been particularly hard hit. Unauthorized downloading and file-sharing on the internet has significantly threatened the viability of the music industry. Reduced sales, as much as one-tenth of previous sales, have caused closure of many companies. The market territory has also shifted constantly. The future of the music industry relies on how it can address these changes. In addition, the rise of wholesale retailers that emphasize lower costs and quantity price discounts has also worsened the prospect of the music industry. Traditional music retailers have little profit margins to compete with these chained wholesale retailers. Losing market access, the sales and profits for pop music continue to decline, let alone "non pop" music, such as Buddhist music. The author has been a producer of Buddhist music for years and runs the Buddha Cloud Music Production House. Facing these changes, in this thesis he presents a new marketing strategy, deviated from traditional business sequence of production, recording, marketing, and retails. This strategy includes: (1) directly promoting his works to Buddhist temples; (2) marketing through mass media, such as newspapers and Buddhist TV channels; and (3) a total access marketing approach using online e-business programs. The author details how he used this strategy to successfully promote his works of Buddhist music produced in his studio. It is expected that the proposed strategy can shed some light on the marketing of other industries that face similar challenges.

none

Since the construction industry in Taiwan started declining at the beginning of 1990s, many firms withdrew from this industry. Most of the surviving firms downsized their organization, and expanded their business to other markets or industries for continuous operation. However, after our survey, we find that there are construction companies who focus on original industry and market but still make good profit under the severe recession. Tunghuei Construction Company, who sells single houses in HsiaoKung Area of Kaohsiung, is just the best example. The ROI every year of Tunghuei Construction Company in past 10 years was over 20%, except 1999(The ROI of 1999 was 15.8%). Among the past decade, there are five years in which Tunghuei's ROI was over 30%. This is a very rare example of Taiwan's construction industry. The manager of Tunghuei Construction Company indicates that the company's success is because of "target marketing". After analyzing the environment of the construction industry in Taiwan, we find it an monopolistic-competitive market that is very good for target marketing and just fits the concept of Tunghuei Construction Company very well. After studying Tunghuei Construction Company, we find that it has its own strategic developing model of target marketing, which matches normal academic definition. Tunghuei uses geographic and behavioral variables to segment market, and decides to sell cheap single houses in HsiaoKung, which is more competitive than multi-storey buildings and similar products. Sample houses, advertising billboards, and handbill mailing are three main promotion ways of Tunghuei. Talking about distribution, Tunghuei uses bonus system to make old customers help promotion, in addition to salesmen. Tunghuei also pays much attention to public relationship by helping hold activities of the schools and community in HsiaoKung. In recent ten years, Tunghuei sold all the houses in every case with reasonable profit. Besides, over 80% of Tunghuei's customers feel satisfied with its products according to the result of the questionnaire survey. By studying the successful experience of Tunghuei Construction Company's target marketing widely and deep, we hope to do something for Taiwan's construction industry.

<p>The paper deals with the issue of the export problems of Latvian food producers to Sweden.</p><p>Theory on trading houses and the problems and obstacles that Latvian food producers have in exporting to Sweden are analyzed. Subsequently, the attitude of the Swedish gatekeepers towards the country of origin is studied.</p><p>By validating Peng and Ilinich propositions in this context, paper contributes to the theory of trading houses as a way of overcoming trading obstacles in exporting.</p>