Study question: How can the process for article classification and procurement be improved in a new implementable inventory policy with the objective to reduce inventory costs. Purpose: The purpose of this degree project is to design a procurement policy which helps to minimize the annual capital tied up in inventory. Method: The procurement policy is created by a mixed method with a focus on the quantity inputs of secondary data and minor involvements of qualitative from primary data. Inventory management formulas from the theoretical framework constitute the conducted model. With the ground work from theory and inputs from interviews, the research approach has been deductive and followed the guidelines of Ali and Birley (1999). ABB Capacitors is the case study of this degree project which the model has been tested and verified upon. Conclusion: The degree project resulted in procurement policy which includes a calculation model and inventory analysis which has shown success from the theoretical comparisons, and it indicates that the procurement policy is functioning as intended. Mathematical formulas are mere tools in a procurement policy, experience and know-how are two pieces which importance should not be neglected.Weaknesses of this policy concern inventory capacity because the calculations’ purpose is to minimize inventory cost by procuring to an economic optimum. There is a chance that physical structure allows fewer quantities than what is financially best. The policy is recommended for manufacturing industries. / Frågeställning: Hur ska artiklar till lagret köpas in och klassificeras i en ny inköpsstrategi med målet att minska lagerkostnaderna och minimera lagernivåerna till givna förutsättningar. Syfte: Syftet är att ta fram en inköpspolicy som ska minimera årliga kapitalbindningen i lagret. Metod: Inköpspolicyn är utvecklad med hjälp av en blandad metod med fokus på den kvantitativa sekundärdatan med små delar av den kvalitativa primärdatan. Beräkningsmodellen består av de lagerstyrningsformler som presenteras i teorin. Med grunden från teorin och inläggen från intervjuer har forskningsmetoden varit deduktiv och följt riktlinjerna från Ali och Birley (1999). ABB Capacitors är fallstudien för detta examensarbete som modellen har blivit testat och verifierad hos. Slutsats: Examensarbetet resulterade i inköpspolicy som består av en beräkningsmodell och en artikelanalys som har visat sig framgångsrik från de teoretiska jämförelserna och det visar på att inköpsstrategin fungerar som tänkt. Matematiska modeller är bara verktyg i en inköpsstrategi, erfarenhet och kunnande är två komponenter vars betydelse inte ska förminskas. Svagheter i modellen rör kapaciteten i lagret eftersom modellens syfte är att minimera årliga lagerkostnaden genom att köpa in ur en ekonomisk synvinkel. Det finns en risk att den fysiska lagerytan tillåter mindre kvantiteter än vad som är optimalt. Modellen rekommenderas för tillverkande industrier.

This research report presents a pilot study exploring the possibility of applying a Lacanian clinical methodology for analyzing unconscious dynamics in extra-analytic material. This research initially investigates the legitimacy and utility of this endeavour, followed by immersion in Lacanian thinking and the subsequent selection of potentially relevant data sets; samples of extra-analytic textual material. As this stage a recursive interaction between reading Lacanian theory and reflecting on the text is enacted. Five Lacanian concepts are identified (mirror phase, the three orders of the imaginary, the symbolic and the real, as well as the paternal agency). Although these concepts are, in process inextricable from another, they are presented as though discrete entities given that this allows for the foregrounding of different aspects in the process. The interaction between these concepts is considered with respect to Lacan‟s requirement in clinical practice of a tentative preliminary diagnosis of the patient into one of three diagnostic categories; perversion, neurosis and psychosis. Consequently, in a step that mirrors the clinical process, the textual subject of the data sets is tentatively classified as a (Lacanian) psychotic whose characteristic psychic structure is constituted out of foreclosure. Ways of discerning this structure in textual matter outside of the analytic setting are then considered. Four ways are proposed here. These are the unified or unbounded use of personal pronouns; evidence of thinking towards resolution or disintegration; denial or tolerance of difference and fourthly, the manifestation of regressive or libidinal speech actions. These four provide the basis for approaching the analysis of the selected data sets, which consist of carefully selected instances of Jacob Zuma‟s ostensibly unscripted public utterances. It is proposed that the four ways identified can be used in the analysis of other extra-analytic material.

Focus of interest in this article are the concepts of globalization and civic citizenship and the questions are; what is required to be a global citizen, and how to work with this in civic education. The concept of civic citizenship implies democracy. A citizen is an independent and (to some extent) educated decision maker and actor, not a mere subject loyal to the sovereign. So whenever speaking of a global citizen democracy is implied. But the world is not a democratic place as such. Most of it in fact is quite undemocratic. The question therefore is how it is possible to act as a citizen (as a democrat) in global space. The article argues that this will only be possibly if citizens are capable of dealing with complex societal problems and to understand their own role as citizens (democrats) in relation to these problems. The argument is firstly that problems and issues in global space are complex and can only be understood interdisciplinary. Therefore the ability to reflect problems interdisciplinary is crucial to the global citizen. The second argument is that the ability of self-reflection is necessary for citizens in their efforts to understand, maintain and develop their own (democratic) identity and (democratic) values and practices in relation to the complexity and unfamiliarity of the various non-democratic identities, values and practices in a global space. Therefore it is suggested that students in civic education need to develop competencies of reflection on interdisciplinarity and self-reflection-as-citizen as key tools for analyzing societal problems and to act democratically on them. And it is suggested that dealing with interdisciplinarity requires use of second order concepts and that self-reflection as citizens requires third order concepts

The research described in this dissertation deals with an open problem concerning the synthesis of controllers of xed order and structure. This problem is encountered in a variety of applications. Simply put, the problem may be put as the determination of the set, S of controller parameter vectors, K = (k1; k2; : : : ; kl), that render Hurwitz a family (indexed by F) of complex polynomials of the form fP0(s; ) + Pl i=1 Pi(s; )ki; 2 Fg, where the polynomials Pj(s; ); j = 0; : : : ; l are given data. They are specied by the plant to be controlled, the structure of the controller desired and the performance that the controllers are expected to achieve. Simple examples indicate that the set S can be non-convex and even be disconnected. While the determination of the non-emptiness of S is decidable and amenable to methods such as the quantier elimination scheme, such methods have not been computationally tractable and more importantly, do not provide a reasonable approximation for the set of controllers. Practical applications require the construction of a set of controllers that will enable a control engineer to check the satisfaction of performance criteria that may not be mathematically well characterized. The transient performance criteria often fall into this category. From the practical viewpoint of the construction of approximations for S, this dissertation is dierent from earlier work in the literature on this problem. A novel feature of the proposed algorithm is the exploitation of the interlacing property of Hurwitz polynomials to provide arbitrarily tight outer and inner approximation to S. The approximation is given in terms of the union of polyhedral sets which are constructed systematically using the Hermite-Biehler theorem and the generalizations of the Descartes' rule of signs.

The research described in this dissertation deals with an open problem concerning the synthesis of controllers of xed order and structure. This problem is encountered in a variety of applications. Simply put, the problem may be put as the determination of the set, S of controller parameter vectors, K = (k1; k2,...,kl), that render Hurwitz a family (indexed by F) of complex polynomials of the form {P0(s.a) + [summation] i=1 Pi(s,a)ki, a [set membership] F}, where the polynomials Pj(s,a), j = 0,...,l are given data. They are specied by the plant to be controlled, the structure of the controller desired and the performance that the controllers are expected to achieve. Simple examples indicate that the set S can be non-convex and even be disconnected. While the determination of the non-emptiness of S is decidable and amenable to methods such as the quantier elimination scheme, such methods have not been computationally tractable and more importantly, do not provide a reasonable approximation for the set of controllers. Practical applications require the construction of a set of controllers that will enable a control engineer to check the satisfaction of performance criteria that may not be mathematically well characterized. The transient performance criteria often fall into this category. From the practical viewpoint of the construction of approximations for S, this dissertation is dierent from earlier work in the literature on this problem. A novel feature of the proposed algorithm is the exploitation of the interlacing property of Hurwitz polynomials to provide arbitrarily tight outer and inner approximation to S. The approximation is given in terms of the union of polyhedral sets which are constructed systematically using the Hermite-Biehler theorem and the generalizations of the Descartes' rule of signs.

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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Neste trabalho, consideramos combinaÃÃes afins de vetores de um espaÃo vetorial com especiais aplicaÃÃes no ensino mÃdio atravÃs da mÃdia aritmÃtica ponderada e da desigualdade de Jensen. Verificamos caracterÃsticas de transformaÃÃes lineares de conjuntos especÃficos nos espaÃos vetoriais como conjuntos convexos e variedades afins, atravÃs do nÃcleo e da imagem das transformaÃÃes. Estabelecemos relaÃÃes entre transformaÃÃes afins, combinaÃÃes afins e transformaÃÃes lineares. Discutimos a dimensÃo do hiperplano relacionando-o como variedade afim. Vemos que todo subespaÃo vetorial de Rn com dimensÃo n - 1 Ã um hiperplano, assim como o nÃcleo de um funcional linear. / In this paper, we consider combinations of related vectors of a vector space with special applications in high school through the weighted arithmetic mean and the Jensen inequality. We observed characteristics of specific sets of linear transformations in the vector spaces as convex sets and related varieties through the core and image transformations. Established relations between affine transformations, combinations thereof and linear transformations. We discuss the size of the hyperplane relating it as affine variety. We see that all of Rn vector subspace with dimension n - 1 is a hyperplane, as the core of a linear functional.

Die Literatur von den Autoren Hairer, Wanner, Nørsett und Butcher, die der Arbeit als wichtige Quellen zugrunde lag, beschäftigt sich auch intensiv mit Mehrschrittverfahren. Hier wird jeweils nur ein kurzer Ausblick auf Ordnungssterne bzw. Ordnungspfeile bei Mehrschrittverfahren mit einem Beispiel gegeben. Auch auf eine Behandlung der Ordnungssterne im Gebiet der Approximationstheorie wird mit einem Beispiel kurz hingewiesen.

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