No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

At Jones Point in Alexandria, Virginia, it is easy to perceive the movements of the tides, the stars, and the sun, or to point to the markers and structures that dot the peninsula. However, the rules that govern the heavenly bodies and the intended purposes of the earthly constructions are not as readily discerned. Situated here, a marina and sailing school on the banks of the Potomac River finds order in the astronomical rhythm and man-made history of Jones Point, and they structure the significance of the site through building. This project first aspired to re-imagine the ceiling and the floor as primary architectural elements. The floor and the ceiling became an analogy: The floor is the Earth, the ceiling is the sky. This building orders its site by unifying the diverse elements at Jones Point and allows one to find orientation in the terrestrial as well as the celestial. It is by building that we put ourselves in relation to the world. We imbue materials and our constructions with significance. In Architecture, it is the construction of our ideals, desires, and wonder -- rendered in material -- that shelters us from the biting cold or the beating sun. We draw our stories in the sky and we build them on the earth. / Master of Architecture

As we know the most popular inference methods for order restricted model are likelihood inference. In such models, the Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) and Likelihood Ratio Testing (LRT) appear some suspect behaviour and unsatisfactory. In this thesis, I review the articles that focused in the behaviour of the Likelihood methods on Order restricted models. For those situations, an alternative method is preferred. However, likelihood inference is satisfactory for simple order cone restriction. But it is unsatisfactory when the restrictions are of the tree order, umbrella order, star-shaped and stochastic order types.

Most financial markets operate as double auction markets in which buyers and sellers submit limit and market orders. In this case the traders have to decide firstly whether they want to submit a buy or sell order and then secondly what the limit price of this order is. In this thesis I develop further a theoretical model based on Chatterjee and Samuelson (1983) in which two traders trade with each other in a double auction market. Assuming that both traders assign a private value to the asset they are trading, which is known only to them but not their trading partner, I determine whether the traders should submit a buy or sell order and what the optimal limit price should be. I develop a single-period model in which traders only trade once and thus cannot learn each other’s private values from trading as well as a multi-period model that allows to infer to some degree the other trader’s private value from their order submission behavior. Using this theoretical model as a benchmark, I then conducted experiments with students to evaluate whether the actual behavior of students fits the theory developed. Although we find that in general the behavior of traders is consistent with the proposed theory, there are some significant differences. Most notably traders seem to underreact to differences in their own private value, i.e. do not adjust their limit price to the extend suggested by theory. I evaluate these outcomes in light of results established results in behavioral finance.

Typescript. / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

Modern processors use out-of-order processing logic to achieve high performance in Instructions Per Cycle (IPC) but this logic has a serious impact on the achievable frequency. In order to get better performance out of smaller transistors there is a trend to increase the number of cores per die instead of making the cores themselves bigger. Moreover, for throughput-oriented and server workloads, simpler in-order processors that allow more cores per die and higher design frequencies are becoming the preferred choice. Unfortunately, for other workloads this type of cores result in a lower single thread performance. There are many workloads where it is still important to achieve good single thread performance. In this thesis we present the ReLaSch processor. Its aim is to enable high IPC cores capable of running at high clock frequencies by processing the instructions using simple superscalar in-order issue logic and caching instruction groups that are dynamically scheduled in hardware after commit, that is, out of the critical path and only when really needed. Objective This thesis has several research goals: • Show that the dynamic scheduler of a conventional out-of-order processor does a lot of redundant work because it ignores the repetitiveness of code. • Propose a complete superscalar out-of-order architecture that reduces the amount of redundant work done by creating the schedules once in dedicated hardware, storing them in a cache of schedules and reusing the schedules as much as possible. • Place the scheduler out of the critical path of execution, which should be enabled by the reduction of work that it must do. Thus, the execution path of our proposed processor can be simpler than that of a conventional out-of-order processor. Proposal and results We present the \textbf{ReLaSch} processor, named after Reused Late Schedules, in which the creation of issue-groups is removed from the critical path of execution and uses a simple and small in-order issue logic. It just wakes-up and selects the instructions of a single issue-group each cycle, instead of processing the instructions of a whole issue queue. A new logic at the end of the conventional pipeline schedules the committed instructions. The new scheduler can be complex since it is not in the critical path of execution. The schedules are cached and whenever it is possible an rgroup is read and its instructions executed. The schedules are reused, lowering the pressure on the scheduling logic. In some cases, the ReLaSch processor is able to outperform a conventional out-of-order processor, because the post-commit scheduler has a broader vision of the code. For instance, while ReLaSch can schedule together two independent instructions that are distant in the code, a conventional out-oforder processor only issues them in the same cycle if both are in-flight. The ReLaSch processor predicts the branch targets, memory aliases and latencies at scheduling time, out of the critical path. The prediction is based on the most recent executions at scheduling time. Furthermore, most of the register renaming process is performed by the scheduler and is removed from the execution pipeline. Our experiments show that ReLaSch has the same average IPC as our reference out-of-order processor and is clearly better than the reference inorder processor (1.55 speed-up). In all cases it outperforms the in-order processor and in 23 benchmarks out of 40 it has a higher IPC than the reference out-of-order processor.

Ice sheet modeling is an important tool both for reconstructing past ice sheets and predicting their future evolution, but is complex and computationally costly. It involves modeling a system including the ice sheet, ice shelves and ice streams, which all have different dynamical behavior. The governing equations are non-linear, and to capture a full glacial cycle more than 100,000 years need to be simulated. To reduce the problem size, approximations of the equations are introduced. The most common approximation, the Shallow Ice Approximation (SIA), works well in the ice bulk but fails in e.g. the modeling of ice streams and the ice sheet/ice shelf coupling. In recent years more accurate models, so-called higher order models, have been constructed to address these problems. However, these models are generally constructed in an ad hoc fashion, lacking rigor. In this thesis, so-called Second Order Shallow Ice Approximation (SOSIA) equations for pressure, vertical shear stress and velocity are implemented into the ice sheet model SICOPOLIS. The SOSIA is a rigorous model derived by Baral in 1999 [3]. The numerical solution for a simple model problem is compared to an analytical solution, and benchmark experiments, comparing the model to other higher order models, are carried out. The numerical and analytical solution agree well, but the results regarding vertical shear stress and velocity differ from other models. It is concluded that there are problems with the model implemented, most likely in the treatment of the relation between stress and strain rate.

The purpose of this study was to examine if there was a relation between birth order, gender and locus of control. There where 162 participants in the study, 44 men, 115 women. Birth order was coded into three levels. There where no significant differences between birth order and locus of control. The result showed that female participants where more external when it came to locus of control. When birth order was coded into two levels, there was a significant difference in locus of control. Only-borns where significant more internal than the other sibling groups. Firstborns/ only-borns where significant more internal than both second-born and last-borns. There was no interaction effect between birth order and gender. Adler´s sibling theories and Rotter´s theory of locus of control helped to explain the significant results found in this study.