by Yip Wai Ling, William. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1992. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves [60]-[61]). / Chapter Chapter1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1. --- Background --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2. --- Objectives --- p.1 / Chapter Chapter2 --- Literature Search --- p.3 / Chapter 2.1. --- Organizational Life Cycle --- p.3 / Chapter 2.1.1. --- Evolution And Revolution As Organizations Grow --- p.3 / Chapter 2.1.2. --- Crises In a Developing Organization --- p.5 / Chapter 2.1.3. --- A Longitudinal Study of The Corporate Life Cycle --- p.9 / Chapter 2.2. --- Family Business --- p.12 / Chapter 2.2.1. --- The Problem of Institutional Overlap --- p.12 / Chapter 2.2.2. --- The Role of Founder in Creating Organizational Culture --- p.13 / Chapter Chapter3 --- Research Methodology --- p.15 / Chapter Chapter4 --- Finding and Analysis --- p.17 / Chapter 4.1. --- Birth Phase (1951 - 1961) --- p.18 / Chapter 4.1.1. --- Situation --- p.18 / Chapter 4.1.2. --- Strategy --- p.19 / Chapter 4.1.3. --- Impact of Family Business --- p.21 / Chapter 4.1.4. --- Implications --- p.22 / Chapter 4.2. --- Growth Phase (1961 -1966) --- p.23 / Chapter 4.2.1. --- Situation --- p.23 / Chapter 4.2.2. --- Strategies --- p.26 / Chapter 4.2.3. --- Impact of Family Business --- p.28 / Chapter 4.2.4. --- Implications --- p.29 / Chapter 4.3. --- Maturity Phase (1967-1971) --- p.30 / Chapter 4.3.1. --- Situation --- p.30 / Chapter 4.3.2. --- Strategy --- p.33 / Chapter 4.3.3. --- Impact of Family Business --- p.34 / Chapter 4.3.4. --- Implications --- p.37 / Chapter 4.4. --- Revival Phase (1972 - 1984) --- p.37 / Chapter 4.4.1. --- Situation --- p.37 / Chapter 4.4.2. --- Strategies --- p.44 / Chapter 4.4.3. --- Impact of Family Business --- p.46 / Chapter 4.4.4. --- Implication --- p.47 / Chapter 4.5. --- Decline Phase (1984 - ) --- p.48 / Chapter 4.5.1. --- Situation --- p.48 / Chapter 4.5.2. --- Strategy --- p.51 / Chapter 4.5.3. --- Impact of Family Business --- p.51 / Chapter 4.5.4. --- Implications --- p.51 / Chapter Chapter5 --- Implications - Managing the conflict between family business and company growth --- p.53 / Chapter Chapter6 --- Conclusion --- p.57 / References / Interview

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-09-18T12:29:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Amanda Moura da Silva dos Santos.pdf: 4842874 bytes, checksum: 23744ffdb2bf6401ae37d88f26b46616 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-18T12:29:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Amanda Moura da Silva dos Santos.pdf: 4842874 bytes, checksum: 23744ffdb2bf6401ae37d88f26b46616 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-05 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / Steve Jobs’ speech, that marked the launch of products made by Apple, a technology company, was eagerly anticipated by the market, fans and media. All over the world, many people line up and even set up tents in front of Apple stores on the eve of product launches, and then come out holding their package as a trophy. But what explains Apple’s phenomenon? This study is based on the assumption that Jobs is considered a sort of modern times messiah, making Apple an extension of himself, and aims to understand, within an enunciative-discursive perspective, as developed by Dominique Maingueneau, how the messiah figure is personified in Jobs and unveils a “savior” myth established around him. This investigation is also founded on the hypothesis of sacralization of technology (Noble, 1997), which considers that, by promoting the encounter between the physical and the metaphysical, technology aims at transcendence and appropriates religious ideas. As such, this study is spread across different discursive fields, such as advertising, religion and the media, aiming to understand not only the intertextuality but also the discursive ethos and set design in the conjuncture of the public appearances of Apple’s co-founder. In addition, in order to understand how Steve Jobs’ discourse got acclaimed by the world, using the religious discourse to legitimize his own speech, the notion of constituent discourses is thus mobilized. Considering the evolution in the networks of discourse genres, especially after the emergence of the internet and the widespread dissemination of technology, the study also contemplates the notion of generic valence (Maingueneau, 2015), which allows us to reflect on how discourse genres and consequently the exercise of the discourse have been transforming over time. This reflection is essential, since the analysis of this research focuses on events that happened empirically and were reproduced on YouTube, an online video sharing platform. The results show how the pre-discursive ethos was constructed with an interaction between different genres, the discursive artifices used by the enunciator in the scenography of his presentations to challenge his co-exponents, as well as the links between what Jobs demonstrated and the contents circulating about him, raising expectations of his public appearances / Nas apresentações que marcavam o lançamento oficial dos produtos da Apple, empresa de tecnologia, o pronunciamento de Steve Jobs, cofundador e presidente da companhia, era ansiosamente aguardado por todo o mercado, por fãs e pela mídia. Ao redor do mundo, muitos fazem filas e até montam acampamentos em frente às lojas às vésperas do lançamento de algum produto e depois saem exibindo o pacote como um troféu. Mas o que explica esse fenômeno Apple? Esta pesquisa parte do pressuposto de que Jobs se consagrou como uma espécie de messias dos tempos modernos, tornando a Apple uma extensão de si, e objetiva compreender, na perspectiva enunciativo-discursiva, tal como desenvolvida por Dominique Maingueneau, como a figura de messias se personifica em Jobs e desvela uma mítica de “salvador” instaurada sobre ele. Esta investigação também parte da hipótese da sacralização da tecnologia (NOBLE, 1997), a qual considera que, promovendo o encontro entre o físico e o metafísico, a tecnologia visa à transcendência e se apropria de ideias religiosas. Assim, neste trabalho realiza-se um atravessamento por diferentes campos discursivos como o publicitário, o religioso e o midiático, com vistas a depreender não somente a intertextualidade como o ethos discursivo e a cenografia na conjuntura das aparições públicas do cofundador da Apple. Ademais, para compreender o modo como o discurso de Steve Jobs encenou sua consagração ao mundo, recorrendo ao discurso religioso para legitimar a própria fala, mobiliza-se a noção de discurso constituinte. Considerando a evolução nas redes dos gêneros do discurso, especialmente após o surgimento da internet e da ampla disseminação da tecnologia, a pesquisa também contempla a noção de valência genérica (MAINGUENEAU, 2015), que permite refletir sobre o modo como os gêneros do discurso e, consequentemente, o exercício do discurso vêm se transformando. Essa reflexão é essencial, uma vez que a análise desta pesquisa se concentra em eventos que aconteceram de modo empírico e que foram reproduzidos em um site de compartilhamento de vídeos, o YouTube. Os resultados mostram o modo como o ethos pré-discursivo se construiu por meio da interação entre diferentes gêneros, os artifícios discursivos utilizados pelo enunciador na cenografia de suas apresentações para interpelar seus coenunciadores, bem como o encadeamento que havia entre aquilo que Jobs demonstrava e os conteúdos que circulavam a seu respeito, suscitando expectativas em relação a suas aparições públicas

Thesis (D. Min.)--Trinity Evangelical Divinity School, Deerfield, Ill., 1998. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 125-130).

The Pigeon River watershed has been the focus of a ¬¬major recovery project to reintroduce fish and other aquatic species into the river where they were historically present. A paper mill at Pigeon River Kilometer/Mile (PRKM 102.1/PRM 63.2) began operations in 1908 and discharged effluents which had a detrimental impact on the aquatic wildlife. Recent modifications to the mill have significantly improved effluent quality such that most aquatic organisms are recolonizing the river. The present study is a baseline survey of crayfish species in the Pigeon River and its tributaries; it also includes a comparison of the mean Catch Per Unit Effort (CPUE) in four different reaches of the stream and documents diversity upstream and downstream of the paper mill. Crayfish are important to the aquatic ecosystem and food web because they serve as cutters that help to break down leaf litter and carrion and are also a food source for predators. Crayfish were collected using modified minnow traps and electroshocking and by snorkeling along ‘turning’ rocks; the method used was based on characteristics of the stream reach sampled, including water depth, flow, transparency, and type of substrate. A total of 1,320 crayfish specimens representing seven species was collected during the eight month study. Crayfish were found in nine Pigeon River tributaries , in the main stem of the Pigeon River upstream of the paper mill (PRKM 102.1/PRM 63.2), and below the Progress Energy Dam (PRKM 61.1/PRM 38.0). No crayfish were found downstream of the paper mill in the river itself; however, crayfish were found downstream from the Progress Energy Dam down to the Pigeon River’s confluence with the French Broad River.

We introduce abortable and query-abortable object types intended for implementation in asynchronous shared-memory systems with low contention. Implementations of such types behave like ordinary objects when accessed sequentially, but may abort operations when accessed concurrently. An aborted operation may or may not take effect, i.e., cause a state transition, and it returns no indication of which possibility occurred. Since this uncertainty can be problematic, a query-abortable type supports a QUERY operation that each process can use to determine its last non-QUERY operation on the object that caused a state transition, and the response associated with this state transition. Our research is closely related to obstruction-free implementations (introduced by Herlihy, Luchangco and Moir) and responsive obstruction-free implementations (introduced by Attiya, Guerraoui and Kouznetsov). Like abortable and query-abortable types, these implementations may exhibit degraded behaviour in the face of contention. We show that abortable registers--registers strictly weaker than safe registers--can be used to obtain obstruction-free and responsive obstruction-free implementations for any type. We present universal constructions for abortable and query-abortable types that are novel and efficient in the number of registers used. Specifically, they are based on a simple timestamping mechanism for detecting concurrent executions, and, in systems with n processes, use only n abortable registers or only O(n^2) single-reader, single-writer abortable registers. The timestamping mechanism we introduce is based on the inc&read counter type and appears to be interesting in its own right. As a generalization, we study the k-inc&read counter types, for k>0. We also identify a potential problem with correctness properties based on step contention: with such properties, the composition of correct object implementations may result in an implementation that is not correct. In other words, implementations defined in terms of step contention are not always composable. To avoid this problem, we introduce a property based on interval contention, namely non-triviality, to define the correct behaviour of abortable and query-abortable object implementations.

We introduce abortable and query-abortable object types intended for implementation in asynchronous shared-memory systems with low contention. Implementations of such types behave like ordinary objects when accessed sequentially, but may abort operations when accessed concurrently. An aborted operation may or may not take effect, i.e., cause a state transition, and it returns no indication of which possibility occurred. Since this uncertainty can be problematic, a query-abortable type supports a QUERY operation that each process can use to determine its last non-QUERY operation on the object that caused a state transition, and the response associated with this state transition. Our research is closely related to obstruction-free implementations (introduced by Herlihy, Luchangco and Moir) and responsive obstruction-free implementations (introduced by Attiya, Guerraoui and Kouznetsov). Like abortable and query-abortable types, these implementations may exhibit degraded behaviour in the face of contention. We show that abortable registers--registers strictly weaker than safe registers--can be used to obtain obstruction-free and responsive obstruction-free implementations for any type. We present universal constructions for abortable and query-abortable types that are novel and efficient in the number of registers used. Specifically, they are based on a simple timestamping mechanism for detecting concurrent executions, and, in systems with n processes, use only n abortable registers or only O(n^2) single-reader, single-writer abortable registers. The timestamping mechanism we introduce is based on the inc&read counter type and appears to be interesting in its own right. As a generalization, we study the k-inc&read counter types, for k>0. We also identify a potential problem with correctness properties based on step contention: with such properties, the composition of correct object implementations may result in an implementation that is not correct. In other words, implementations defined in terms of step contention are not always composable. To avoid this problem, we introduce a property based on interval contention, namely non-triviality, to define the correct behaviour of abortable and query-abortable object implementations.

Cette étude traite de l'adaptation des modèles d'affaires des entreprises de médias traditionnels. L'objectif principal est de proposer un cadre empirique aux dirigeants des entreprises de médias traditionnels afin de les aider à tracer la meilleure trajectoire d'innovation dans un environnement aussi changeant que celui des médias. En effet, l'industrie des médias est en pleine phase de transformation. Elle fait face à de nouveaux contextes concurrentiels et à des changements profonds de paradigmes. Ainsi, ce secteur compte en grande partie sur les revenus publicitaires, alors que ces derniers subissent une migration vers les plateformes électroniques. La rentabilité des médias traditionnels se trouve donc menacée. Ce mémoire tentera d'apporter des recommandations empiriques pour que les médias traditionnels s'ajustent au nouvel environnement concurrentiel. La question de recherche se résume comme suit : « Quelles sont les stratégies des entreprises de médias traditionnels à mettre en place pour redevenir compétitives dans le nouvel environnement concurrentiel? » Afin de répondre à cette problématique, un cadre théorique particulièrement riche a révélé la pertinence de l'utilisation des trois concepts clés suivants : innovation, coopétition, écosystème. En effet, les entreprises se trouvent dans un réseau appelé écosystème. À travers ce réseau, elles tissent des relations coopétitives fonctionnelles (ou non fonctionnelles parfois) dans le but de favoriser des manœuvres stratégiques favorables à l'émergence d'une innovation ouverte ou encore d'une innovation en réseau. Considérant ces changements, une application au cas Quebecor Media inc. (QMi), selon la méthodologie de l'étude de cas, a permis de comprendre dans un premier temps la situation de QMi selon le cadre conceptuel choisi et, dans un second temps, de déterminer les recommandations nécessaires pour améliorer la rentabilité du secteur des médias traditionnels. La contribution de ce mémoire constitue essentiellement en une nouvelle manière de percevoir la relation qui devrait lier l'ensemble des médias traditionnels à l'ensemble des nouveaux médias, puisque la stratégie de complémentarité est un des garants de la survie des entreprises de médias intégrés. Ainsi, pour une entreprise de médias intégrés comme QMi, un des objectifs serait de garder une sorte d'homéostasie entre ses différentes filiales et ses différentes divisions dans un marché où il y a d'autres joueurs et d'autres concurrents majeurs. Ceci serait facilité si le suivi de la migration de la clientèle publicitaire des médias traditionnels vers les nouveaux médias était assuré. Ce succès pourrait être assuré en partie par la créativité et l'excellence du contenu fourni, québécois et canadien. Les blogues sur Internet ont certes beaucoup d'influence auprès des internautes, mais les télés et les journaux continuent d'assurer un certain niveau d'auditoire en raison de l'aspect professionnel qui entoure l'information diffusée. Ces manœuvres stratégiques permettront de garantir la pérennité des médias traditionnels si l'aspect complémentaire entre les deux types de médias était considéré avec plus de rigueur, surtout que la réglementation canadienne en matière de radiodiffusion reste rigide face à un volet « Internet » sans frontières. Ainsi ces différentes stratégies permettront aux entreprises de médias traditionnels de redevenir compétitives dans ce nouvel environnement. Enfin, étant donné les particularités de cette étude, il faut noter les quelques limites de ce mémoire, les contributions personnelles et les avenues de recherches possibles. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : médias, nouveaux médias, médias traditionnels, modèles d'affaires, écosystème, coopétition, innovation ouverte, plateformes électroniques.

Le livre électronique est une technologie au succès commercial très récent, mais qui promet de modifier considérablement l'industrie du livre en Amérique du Nord. Cette dernière connaît de nombreuses difficultés : stagnation ou baisse des ventes, baisse du taux de lecture, vieillissement des lecteurs assidus, augmentation du nombre de substituts, baisse constante des prix des livres, inefficience du circuit de distribution avec un nombre important d'invendus et précarité financière des éditeurs. Sans oublier que c'est une industrie polluante et responsable de la déforestation. Les livres électroniques, quant à eux, sont abordables, ils sont interactifs, s'adressent à un public plus jeune et leurs utilisateurs lisent de trois à quatre fois plus d'ouvrages qu'auparavant. La chaîne de valeur des livres numériques est plus efficiente, plus économique et beaucoup plus écologique. Sans oublier que le livre numérique est économiquement plus rentable que le livre imprimé pour les éditeurs. Il est certain que la nouvelle chaîne de distribution obligera certains acteurs traditionnels, tel que les imprimeurs et les distributeurs, à revoir leur rôles s'ils souhaitent survivre. Surtout que le livre numérique représentera une part importante de l'industrie du livre en Amérique du Nord. En ce qui concerne la nouvelle dynamique concurrentielle, Amazon possède le système stratégique qui livre les produits ayant le meilleur ratio qualité/prix aux lecteurs, et sa stratégie de création et domination de marché lui permet d'avoir la part de marché la plus importante. Mais à long terme l'entreprise fera face à Apple Inc., dont le système stratégique est parfaitement configuré pour livrer aux consommateurs une convergence des divertissements multimédia. Avec la segmentation du marché du livre électronique, l'objectif ne sera dès lors plus d'offrir le meilleur lecteur numérique mais de répondre aux différents bénéfices recherchés par les consommateurs, et Apple est l'entreprise qui est la mieux positionné pour aborder l'avenir. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : livre électronique, livre numérique, système stratégique, modèle d'affaires, Kindle, iPad.

Depuis quelques décennies, les entreprises de commerce de gros et de détail centralisent massivement leurs achats et la distribution de leurs produits. Sans remettre en question la pertinence de centraliser les achats, il est pertinent de vérifier que le recours systématique à la distribution centralisée est bel et bien la méthode la plus économique et efficiente dans toutes les situations. Pour en arriver à mieux comprendre l'orchestration de ces activités logistiques, il est nécessaire de comprendre les méthodes les plus répandues (centralisation) pour les confronter à d'autres (directes). Ce projet consiste donc à approfondir nos connaissances quant aux différentes options et stratégies d'approvisionnement s'offrant aux entreprises œuvrant plus spécifiquement dans l'industrie du commerce de détail et du commerce de gros. Cet exercice est particulièrement d'actualité pour un ensemble de raisons quant à l'explosion du commerce mondial et à la tendance à l'application d'un nouveau mode de gestion fortement influencé par la gestion de la chaîne logistique. En effet, plusieurs entreprises opèrent dans un contexte mondial en pleine ébullition où la mise à niveau et la redéfinition des processus d'affaires sont des impératifs. Nous présentons, en premier lieu, la problématique traitée ainsi que de la démarche méthodologique reposant sur des entrevues en entreprise. Ce mémoire se poursuit par un recensement de la littérature touchant les aspects principaux de la gestion d'une chaîne logistique internationale appliqués à l'industrie du commerce de gros et de détail. Cette revue est réalisée en fonction d'un cadre logistique structurant pour en arriver à en présenter un cadre logistique intégrateur. Le chapitre suivant présente le concept de livraison directe et ses dérivés stratégiques. Après, le réseau logistique de l'entreprise Rona et ses caractéristiques principales sont exposés. Rona est le leader canadien dans l'industrie du commerce de détail et de distribution de produits de rénovation. Les derniers chapitres abordent : des pistes méthodologiques visant à modéliser la chaîne logistique de Rona pour vérifier la pertinence et la robustesse d'une stratégie de livraison directe, un scénario d'évaluation ainsi qu'une réorganisation des processus soutenue par un système d'aide à la décision. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : chaîne logistique, livraison directe, approvisionnement, distribution, commerce de détail, commerce de gros, système d'aide à la décision

In the warehouse of a large cosmetics company, a mechanized order picker is restocked from nearby shelving, and the shelving is restocked from bulk storage, forming a three-tier inventory system. We consider such multi-tier inventory systems and determine the storage areas to which to assign items, and the quantities in which to store them, in order to minimize the total cost of picking items and restocking storage locations. With this research, we increase the number of inventory systems for which simple search algorithms find a provably near-optimal solution. The model and method were tested on data from the Avon Products distribution center outside Atlanta; the solution identified by the model reduced picking and restocking costs there by 20%. The sales forecasts of items stored in the warehouse may change, however, and new items will be introduced into the inventory system and others removed. To account for these changes, some warehouses may periodically reassign items to storage areas and recompute their storage quantities. These reassignment activities account for additional costs in the warehouse. The second focus of this research examines these costs over several time periods in a simple multi-tier inventory system. We develop heuristics to determine the storage areas to which to assign items and the quantities in which to store them in each time period, in order to minimize the total cost of picking items, restocking storage locations, and reassigning skus over multiple periods.