Cette thèse étudie la reconstitution du lien entre l’État et le mouvement syndical au Venezuela entre 1999 et 2015. Paradoxalement, la radicalisation rhétorique de Chávez est concomitante à des pratiques plus conservatrices, on analyse la contention d’une situation révolutionnaire devenue thermidorienne. Le mouvement syndical, acteur marginalisé au cours de la période, apparaît comme un prisme pour appréhender ces transformations. Souvent utilisé pour caractériser le gouvernement Chávez, le populisme, même affranchi de ses deux principaux écueils, un « dénigrement des masses » et un flou définitionnel, même conscrit à l’aire latino-américaine, nous paraît trop imprécis. Cette étude de cas permet une actualisation du concept d’incorporation de David et Ruth Berins Collier à l’époque post-néolibérale dont le Venezuela s’inscrit dans la variante privilégiant la mobilisation au contrôle. Le champ syndical, dont l’organisation est contrôlée par l’adoption d’une nouvelle loi du travail, est marqué par un haut niveau de politisation. Nous montrons les spécificités de la seconde vague d’incorporation : constituée sur une base territoriale plus que corporatiste, avec le secteur informel plutôt que la paysannerie comme classe populaire non inscrite dans des rapports de production salariés. L’étude des trajectoires des membres des comités exécutifs des trois centrales successivement majoritaires et de quelques récits biographiques permet de mieux comprendre le renouvellement puis l’institutionnalisation des directions syndicales. Nous achevons ce travail en nous intéressant au Bolívar, région du sud-est du pays, reflet des tensions entre le chavisme et le mouvement ouvrier. / This thesis addresses the reconstitution of the connection between the State and the trade union movement in Venezuela between 1999 and 2015. Paradoxically, Chávez rhetorical radicalization is concurrent with more conservative practices; one can observe the contention of a revolutionary situation that has become a “Thermidorian situation”. The trade union movement, marginalized actor during this period, emerges as a prism to grasp these transformations. Frequently used to define Chávez administration, populism, even freed from its two main pitfalls, “denigration of the masses” and fuzzy decision-making, and even contained within Latin-American area, seems too much imprecise. This case study provides an update of the concept of incorporation developed by David and Ruth Berins Collier in post-neoliberal times in which Venezuela would be part of the version favouring mobilization over control. A high level of pollicisation characterizes the trade union field, which organization is controlled by the adoption of a new labour law. We show the specificities of the second incorporation wave: formed on a territorial rather than corporatist basis, with the informal sector rather than with than the peasantry as its popular class outside employee relations of production. Studying the trajectories of the executive committee members of the three consecutively ruling central labour bodies on the one hand, and some biographical narratives on the other hand, allows to better understand first the renewal and second the institutionalisation of the trade-union leaderships. We conclude this analysis with addressing the southeast region of Bolívar, which highlights and reflects the tensions between chavism and the workers movement.

Failure of a primary hip arthroplasty is often caused by osteolysis which compromises the patient’s periprosthetic bone stock. Impaction allografting involves the use of morselized allograft bone and cement to stabilize the implant and restore this periprosthetic bone stock. Although clinical results of impaction allografting are favourable, regions of necrotic bone graft have been shown to exist for many years post-operatively and may ultimately lead to implant failure. Previous laboratory research has identified a correlation between mechanical stimuli and bone growth; therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop an in vivo device that would enable the investigation of the effect of mechanical load on bone graft incorporation in impacted allograft hip prostheses. An actuator was developed with a finite volume to enable its subcutaneous implantation along the tibia (20mm x 10mm x 10mm) and spine (35mm x 25mm x 15mm) in a rat bone chamber model. The actuator was designed to deliver a dynamic, (1Hz), compressive, (-6N), load that was controlled telemetrically throughout a 6-week long in vivo study. Independent validations of the mechanical actuator and the electrical control system were performed prior to an electromechanical validation of the integrated system. The responsiveness, quantity and magnitude of the load were investigated. The mechanical actuator was motor-driven and the electrical control system was based on radio frequency signal transmission. The electromechanical actuator conformed to the volumetric restrictions of the rat bone chamber model (tibia: 13mm x 17mm x 10mm; spine: 35mm x 30mm x 11mm). A wide range of operating frequencies (0.5 to 3.0 ± 0.05Hz) was achieved and a telemetrically controlled load was produced for 20 seconds per day throughout a simulated 6 week in vivo study. Due to inefficiencies of the mechanical actuator and voltage limitations of the control system, the magnitude of the compressive load produced by the actuator (-1.67 ± 0.10N) was less than specified by the design criteria. Future work to optimize the actuator design and fabrication is warranted in order to increase the maximum load magnitude; however, the current design provides a novel means to begin the investigation of the role of mechanical load on bone graft incorporation in impaction allografting. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Mechanical Engineering, Department of / Graduate

Physical inactivity is linked with several chronic disease. This study has a twofold purpose: first, to examine the effect bouncing feet on a band have on middle school student’s physical activity level. Secondly, to examine the relationship between fidget behavior and academic engagement. Sixth grade English classrooms (2) from a local middle school participated in the study. All students were issued a physical activity monitor to be worn on their, and during the intervention, an under-the-desk apparatus was provided to students to freely fidget. Total sedentary time increased during intervention. Use of under-the-desk band did not positively or negatively impact academic engagement. Final analysis included 19 participants. Significant increase in sedentary time and percentage of class spent in sedentary were found. As well as significant decrease in light time, percentage of light, percentage of moderate, percentage of vigorous. The use of an under-the-desk band does not negatively impact academic engagement.

Legislation regarding the incorporation in the Czech Republic and Great Britain in comparison. The thesis aims to evaluate the legislation of the Czech Republic and Great Britain regarding the process of incorporation and issues related to newly established companies. The thesis also proposes changes to Czech legislation and seeks to determine which of the systems is more favorable for the founders. The thesis comprises seven chapters, each of them dealing with different aspects of the process of incorporation in both countries. The introductory first part defines the principal aim of the thesis, points out problematic areas and explores difficulties arising with regards to language and translation. Chapter one is subdivided into three parts and deals with legal framework of both countries as well as the matter of legal personality. Chapter two, which is subdivided into two parts, is devoted to the definition of what constitutes a company. First, companies recognized under British law are introduced; second, the four types of Czech companies are described. Chapter three is subdivided into two parts and deals with methods of incorporation. These methods are shortly introduced and, in the second part, the normative method of incorporation in the Czech Republic is described. Fourth chapter is composed...

Student Number : 0107507J - PhD thesis - School of Chemistry - Faculty of Science / Periodic mesoporous organosilica (PMO) materials (consisting of ethane groups in the framework) and bifunctional periodic mesoporous organosilica materials (consisting of ethane groups in the framework and either glycidoxypropyl groups or aminopropyl groups in the channels) were synthesized by the sol-gel method under basic conditions. Ethanesilica materials were synthesized by condensation of 1,2-bistrimethoxysilylethane (BTME) and by co-condensation of BTME with tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS). Bifunctional periodic mesoporous organosilica materials were synthesized by the co-condensation of BTME with either 3- glycidoxypropyltriethoxysilane (GPTS) or 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTS). Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide was used as the structure-directing template. Cobalt ion incorporated ethanesilica and modified ethanesilica materials were synthesized in situ by adding cobalt nitrate to the reaction mixture. Cobalt was also supported on ethanesilica materials and APTS-modified materials by using the incipient wetness impregnation method. Raman spectroscopy and diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy (DRIFTS) results confirmed the formation of organosilica materials and showed that the surfactant was removed by solvent extraction. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) showed that the ethane portion of the materials (originating from the bridging ethane group in BTME) only decomposed at temperatures > 400 oC. These techniques also showed that the surfactant is removed by solvent extraction. Cobalt ion incorporation was confirmed by Raman spectroscopy and UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. Powder powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and nitrogen adsorption data indicated that the mesophase and textural properties of the materials are dependent on the reaction conditions (i.e. ageing duration, ageing temperature, amount of silica precursor(s), amount of water and amount of base (NH4OH)). The periodicity of the materials was indicated by the presence of low angle diffraction peaks in powder X-ray diffraction patterns. Cubic and hexagonal mesophases were identified using powder X-ray diffraction. When solvent extraction is prolonged, the BET surface area and the pore volume increase, while the average pore diameter decreases. Materials with more dominant XRD structural features and larger d values, higher surface areas, lower pore volumes and average pore diameters are obtained when low ageing temperatures are used. For samples prepared from a mixture of BTME and TEOS at a given temperature, the surface area was found to increase with increasing amount of TEOS added. This trend was observed for materials with and without cobalt. Type IV isotherms, typical of mesoporous materials, were obtained for ethanesilica and modified ethanesilica materials prepared without cobalt. For cobalt incorporated periodic mesoporous ethanesilica materials, the XRD lattice parameter (d100) increased whereas surface area and pore volume decreased with increasing cobalt loading. Nitrogen gas adsorption on samples with varying ratios of BTME:GPTS or BTME:APTS revealed that increasing the amount of GPTS or APTS affects pore size, surface area and pore volume as well as shapes of the isotherms and hysteresis loops. The hysteresis loops of the Type IV isotherms obtained for GPTS-modified ethane silica materials (without cobalt) change from Type H3 to Type H4. There is a tendency for pore sizes to change from mesopore to micropore when the amount of GPTS is increased. Isotherms of cobalt incorporated GPTS-modified ethane silica materials changed from Type IV to Type I. The surface area, pore volume and pore diameter decreased with increasing loading of GPTS or APTS as well as after cobalt incorporation.

Thesis advisor: James E. Lubben / The fact that destination countries in contemporary migration are predominantly welfare states marks a distinct departure from historical patterns. While the impact of international migration on the welfare state is highly contested in the literature, the other side of the relationship--the ways in which advanced welfare states influence the incorporation of immigrants--has barely been examined. This study tests the applicability of an extension of the Welfare Regime Theory in the incorporation of foreign-born as compared to natives across 24 European nations clustered in 5 different welfare regimes. Specifically, it explores how much of the variability in self-reported economic and social capital indicators of incorporation is attributable to the nature of the welfare state and to specific theoretical traits associated with different welfare regimes. Results indicate that immigrants fare economically better in countries with comprehensive welfare systems of social protection and that country's amount of social spending has a positive influence in the economic incorporation of foreign-labor. The impact of the welfare state on individuals' economic well-being is higher for the native-born population than for their immigrant counterparts. Generous welfare systems are also beneficial for the social capital formation of immigrant communities. Immigrants residing in countries representative of the Scandinavian regime report higher levels of generalized trust, trust in institutions and frequency of informal social contacts than immigrants residing in countries representative of other welfare regimes. The same pattern is observed for the native-born population. Country's spending in social benefits increases the social trust and frequency of socialization of both groups, although the impact is larger for the native-born population. Country's spending in means-tested social benefits decreases social trust while country's spending in non-means-tested benefits increases it. Native-born individuals report higher levels of generalized trust and socialize more often than equivalent immigrants. However, the level of trust in country's institutions is higher for immigrant than for their native peers. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2009. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Social Work. / Discipline: Social Work.

As hidroxiapatitas (HA) são amplamente utilizadas como biomateriais osteocondutores, mas não possuem propriedades osteoindutoras e osteogênicas. O fluoreto, por sua vez, quando presente no meio em doses adequadas (da ordem de 10-5 M), é capaz de aumentar a proliferação de osteoblastos e a atividade da fosfatase alcalina. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi modificar um biomaterial existente, constituído por HA bifásica (70% HA + 30% β-TCP) porosa, pela adsorção de fluoreto. A capacidade de liberação de fluoreto deste material para meio de cultura osteogênico foi também avaliada. Foi ainda feita caracterização físicoquímica do material com fluoreto adsorvido, em comparação ao material original (FTIR, DRX e MEV). Para os ensaios de adsorção de fluoreto, soluções com diferentes concentrações deste elemento, na forma de NaF, foram adicionadas à HÁ bifásica na proporção de 10 g de HA por 50 mL de solução contendo fluoreto. Os testes foram feitos em duas etapas. Na primeira etapa, as concentrações de fluoreto empregadas variaram entre 100 e 2000 ppm e foi feita incubação por 3, 6, 18 ou 24 h, em temperatura ambiente, sob agitação constante. Após estes intervalos de tempo, removeu-se o sobrenadante e colocou-se o restante na estufa a 40oC, até a completa secagem dos grânulos. Os mesmos foram armazenados para posterior quantificação de fluoreto adsorvido, que foi feita com o eletrodo, após difusão facilitada por exametildisiloxano. Na segunda etapa, as concentrações de fluoreto empregadas variaram entre 0,625 e 80 ppm, sendo feita incubação por 24 ou 48 h. Para a avaliação da liberação de fluoreto da HA adsorvida, as amostras de HA com fluoreto adsorvido foram incubadas à temperatura ambiente com meio de cultura α-MEM, na proporção de 10 g de HA por 50 mL de meio, sob agitação, por 3, 6, ou 24 h e o sobrenadante foi coletado para quantificação de fluoreto. Foi observada uma relação dose- resposta entre a concentração de fluoreto que se adsorveu à HA e concentração de fluoreto presente nas soluções em que a HA foi incubada. O tempo de incubação nas soluções fluoretadas não alterou a concentração de fluoreto adsorvido (exceto para uma diminuição da adsorção para o tempo de 48 h). A porcentagem de adsorção de fluoreto variou entre 15 e 35%. Houve uma redução na concentração de fluoreto liberada para o meio, em função da redução da concentração de fluoreto na solução de incubação da HA. Liberações da ordem de 10-5 M foram observadas para a HA incubada por 24 h em 80 ppm fluoreto. A avaliação físico-química da HA bifásica porosa com fluoreto adsorvido revelou características semelhantes ao material original, sem fluoreto adsorvido. Em conclusão, a incubação da HA bifásica porosa em solução contendo 80 ppm de fluoreto por 24 horas é capaz de levar a uma adsorção de fluoreto tal que permite a liberação deste elemento na ordem de 10-5 M em meio de cultura osteogênico. Esta adsorção de fluoreto não altera as propriedades físico-químicas do material. / Hydroxyapatites (HA) are broadly employed as osteoconductive biomaterials, but they do not possess osteoinductive or osteogenic properties. Fluoride, when present in the environment in appropriate doses (around 10-5 M) is able to increase the proliferation of osteoblastos and the activity of alcaline phosphatase. Thus, the aim of the present study was to modify an existing biomaterial (biphasic HA, containing 70% HA and 30% β-TCP), through the adsorption of fluoride. The ability of this material to release fluoride for osteogenic culture medium was also evaluated. The biomaterial containing adsorbed fluoride was characterized physic-chemically (FTIR, DRX and SEM), in comparison to its counterpart without adsorbed fluoride. For the fluoride adsorption experiments, solutions with different fluoride concentrations (as NaF) were added to biphasic HA (10 g HA : 50 mL fluoridecontaining solution). Tests were carried out in 2 stages. In the first stage, fluoride concentrations used ranged between 100 and 2000 ppm. Incubation was done for 3, 6, 18 or 24 h, at room temperature, under constant agitation. After incubation, supernatant was removed and the pellets were allowed to dry at 40oC. The resulting material was stored for subsequent fluoride analysis that was done with the electrode, after examethyldisiloxane-facilitated diffusion. In the second stage, the fluoride concentrations ranged between 0.625 and 80 ppm and incubation was carried out for 24 or 48 h. For the evaluation of the release of adsorbed fluoride, samples of HA containing adsorbed fluoride were incubated in α-MEM medium at room temperature (10 g HA : 50 mL medium), under agitation, for 3, 6 or 24 h. Supernatant was collected for fluoride quantification. A dose- response relationship was observed between the concentration of fluoride that adsorbed to HA and the fluoride concentration in the incubation solutions. The time of incubation did not change the concentration of adsorbed fluoride (except for a reduction in adsorption for 48 h). The percentage of fluoride adsorption ranged between 15 and 35%. It was observed a reduction in the concentration of fluoride that was released to the medium, as a function of the reduction of the fluoride concentration in the incubation solution. Fluoride releases around 10-5 M were observed for HA incubated with 80 ppm fluoride for 24 h. Physico-chemical evaluation of the porous biphasic HA containing adsorbed fluoride revealed a pattern similar to the one observed for the original material (without adsorbed fluoride). In conclusion, the incubation of porous biphasic HA in a solution containing 80 ppm fluoride for 24 h allows adsorption of F to HA to an extent that allows the release of 10-5 M fluoride concentrations to the medium. In addition, fluoride adsorption to HA does not change the physico-chemical properties of the material.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Rutgers University, 2009. / "Graduate Program in Planning and Public Policy." Includes bibliographical references (p. 240-251).

Predicates KNOW, WANT, LIKE, HAVE, and GOOD have been reported to differ from other predicates in American Sign Language (ASL) in that they are typically negated by reversing the orientation of hand[s] in a twisting outward/downward movement. This phenomenon has been termed "negative incorporation." In this study, I examine semantic properties of negative-incorporation predicates. Specifically, I investigate whether these predicates also allow other negation strategies available in ASL and what the meanings conveyed by using these strategies are. I provide a detailed description of negative incorporation and demonstrate that it has a different status for the verbal predicates WANT, LIKE, and KNOW versus the adjectival predicate BAD. Using the data from a structured data collection procedure in the form of a production task and the elicitation of acceptability judgments, I identify various possibilities and preferred strategies for the investigated predicates, show that most signers do not accept negative incorporation with HAVE in contemporary ASL, demonstrate that nonmanual negation when a negative headshake is the only indicator of negation cannot be used with the verbal negative-incorporation predicates, and point out that there is variation among signers with respect to the preferred strategy of negation for LIKE that can be explained by historical change in progress. / text

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität Marburg.