<p> Lambda carrageenan when injected subcutaneously causes the formation of a connective tissue granuloma. Initially there is a proliferation of connective tissue elements up to about fourteen days followed by regression so that by six weeks most collagenous tissue has disappeared and been replaced by adipose tissue. Lambda carrageenan has been identified in the granuloma by staining reactions with toluidine blue and other stains for acid polysaccharides. The present study was undertaken to localize the carrageenan by means of fluorescent antibody and autoradiography. For this purpose labelling of carrageenan by photoassimilation of 14CO2 into carrageenan was done. Different parameters affecting the incorporation of 14C into the carrageenan fractions were studied.</p> / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

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京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第23719号 / 理博第4809号 / 新制||理||1688(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院理学研究科化学専攻 / (主査)准教授 齊藤 尚平, 教授 依光 英樹, 教授 時任 宣博 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DGAM

Today’s second-generation immigrants who are mostly of Hispanic, Afro-Caribbean, and Asian descent face new challenges that prevent them from replicating the high levels of intergenerational upward mobility that were achieved by most European immigrants and their offspring in earlier periods. Segmented assimilation theory argues that the persistent racial and ethnic discrimination against nonwhite children of immigrants constitutes a major barrier to their incorporation into the middle class as such experiences foster a reactive mindset that is detrimental to socioeconomic incorporation. To test this claim, I analyze whether perceived discrimination (PD) has a negative impact on the educational and occupational outlooks, and ultimately on the socioeconomic status attainment of second-generation immigrants. Further, I examine how socioeconomic background and contextual factors influence the risk of PD on the one hand, and its short- and long-term consequences on the other. Drawing from the Children of Immigrants Longitudinal Study (CILS), which was conducted in three waves when respondents were on average fourteen, seventeen, and twenty-four years old, I include individual-level and school-level data and use school random effects logistic and linear regression modeling to examine the effects of perceived racial/ethnic discrimination on second-generation immigrant incorporation. I find very little evidence for the notion that PD has a negative impact on future outlooks or status attainment; only youth who come of age in relatively privileged socioeconomic circumstances are more likely to have higher educational aspirations than expectations, but this mechanism does not translate into lower status attainment. I discuss possible explanations for the lack of support of segmented assimilation theory’s claims as well as the theoretical and methodological implications of my study. / Sociology

Cette thèse en création littéraire se divise en deux parties, un roman et une"étude critique" portant sur le roman d'apprentissage moderne. Le Coeur-de-la-Ville n'est pas uniquement le récit racontant les péripéties d'un enfant, Justin. Il est celui de ses parents, de leurs amis et des clients du dépanneur, sans oublier que le grand-père de Carl et son père ont grandement contribué à la construction du Coeur-de-la-Ville, de cette forteresse en mer anglaise. Il y a Patrice, un romancier; Michel, un nageur qui se qualifie pour les Olympiques et qui vit mal avec ce qui se cache dans le tréfonds de son être. Carl tente d'être un père et ami exemplaires, il aime de tout son croeur son fils et n'accepte nullement sa maladie. Le Coeur-de-la-Ville donne également vie à André qui gagne sa croûte d'une étrange manière et à l'homme aux cigarettes qui les regarde vivre du haut de son balcon en jouant du violon. Tous ces personnages et quelques autres forment une communauté d'éprouvés qui s'entraident pour surmonter les difficultés de la vie. Ils partagent leurs joies et leurs malheurs en tentant d'habiter l'ici et maintenant. Contrairement au roman d'apprentissage réaliste, le roman d'apprentissage moderne est peu théorisé.Cette thèse vise à montrer que le garant moderne, par l'expression de sa corporalité et de son caractère, est un personnage Autre et que la quête qu'il poursuit est le contraire de celle de son prédécesseur de l'époque réaliste. La trilogie de l'enfance de Réjean Ducharme sert de corpus afin de jeter les bases d'une poétique de ce type de roman. Toutefois, l'oeuvre ducharmienne appelle des nuances. Bérénice Einberg subit son avalement dans un ton de colère, tandis que Mille Milles se résigne plutôt à son sort et qu'Iode Ssouvie semble plutôt l'accepter. Il est impossible de vivre complètement coupé du monde, mais il y a une différence entre la façon dont déambule un Eugène de Rastignac, chez Balzac, dans l'univers sociétal et un Mille Milles ou bien un André ou une Nicole, dans l'oeuvre de Ducharme. Ses enfants sont loin d'être de jeunes héros qui veulent gravir les échelons sociaux pour y briller. Ils souhaitent plutôt fuir en se tenant en marge de la société.

La présente thèse, intitulée «L’incarnation du Verbe de Dieu comme œuvre du salut chez Athanase d’Alexandrie» met en évidence un sujet qui a une connotation très forte pour l’histoire du christianisme et des pensées religieuses en général, à savoir l’action salvatrice du Fils de Dieu en faveur de l’homme, avec toutes les conséquences qui en résultent. Athanase a une conception assez originale sur la nature de l’homme, qu’il conçoit comme un être corruptible, issu du néant, mais destiné pourtant à une vie éternelle par la participation de Dieu, celui qui possède la vraie vie et qui lui communique cette vie si celui-ci reste en communion avec Dieu. Pour qu’il puisse réaliser cette relation très personnelle, Dieu l’a créé selon son image, le Logos-même et l’a doté de l’esprit, l’esprit qui lui permettait d’élever toujours sa pensée vers le monde intelligible et de voir Dieu selon l’image duquel il a été fait. A cause de son insouciance et de la tromperie du démon l’homme n’a pas réussi à garder la pureté de son esprit, pureté qui lui garantissait la contemplation de l’Image, s’est retourné par le péché vers les choses sensibles et a commencé à se contempler lui-même. Ainsi la séparation de Dieu, sa source de vie, renvoie l’homme à sa condition initiale de créature sortie du néant. Mais Dieu, dans son amour infini, n’a pas voulu laisser l’homme dans cet état déplorable et a envoyé dans le monde son propre Verbe pour qu’en sa qualité d’Image de Dieu, il renouvelle l’homme fait selon l’image et qu’en assumant une humanité réelle, il le libère du péché et de la mort par sa mort et sa résurrection. Pourtant l’œuvre salvatrice accomplie par l’incarnation du Verbe ne se limite pas seulement à une restauration de l’homme dans son état initial, mais suppose quelque chose de plus, à savoir une union si étroite de l’humanité et de la divinité dans la personne du Christ, de telle sorte que la nature humaine-même est rendue perméable à la divinité. Cette œuvre réalisée dans la personne du Christ se prolonge dans tous les hommes, grâce à leur parenté et incorporation en Christ. C’est ainsi que l’auteur conclut par sa célèbre phrase: «Dieu s’est fait homme pour que l’homme soit fait dieu», un dieu non par nature, mais par grâce. / This thesis, entitled “The incarnation of the Word of God as work of salvation in Athanasius of Alexandria” emphasizes a topic that has very strong connotations in the history of Christianity and religious thoughts in general, namely the liberating action of the Son of God for man, with all the consequences that will result. Athanasius’ thinking of human nature is, in some degree, original. For him, the human being is a corruptible one, as originated in nothingness, but destined to an eternal life through the participation of God, who possesses the true life and who communicates it to him, if he remains in communion with God. To achieve this personal relationship, God created him after his image, the Logos himself, and endowed him with spirit, which enabled him to raise always his thought to the intelligible world and to see God in whose image he was made. Because of his recklessness and deceit of the devil, man failed to keep the purity of his spirit, purity that ensured his contemplation of the Image, he turned through sin to sensible things and began to contemplate himself. Thus, the separation from God, the source of his life, makes the man returning to his original condition as creature out of nothing. But God in his infinite love would not leave man in this deplorable state and sent into the world his own Word to renew, as Image of God, the man made after this Image and, by assuming a true humanity, deliver him from sin and death by his death and his resurrection. Yet the saving work accomplished by the incarnation of the Word is not limited only to a restoration of man to his original condition, but requires something more, namely a union so close of humanity and divinity in the person of Christ, so that the human nature itself is made permeable to the deity. This work accomplished in the Christ’ person extends to all men, through their similarity and their incorporation into Christ. Thus the author concludes by his famous phrase: “God became man so that man is made god”, a god, not by nature but by grace.

Ce travail de thèse traite de l’élaboration de nanoparticules luminescentes à based’organolanthanides pour des applications d’imagerie biomédicale ou de marquage pour la lutte anticontrefaçon. Les organolanthanides ont été incorporés sans liaison covalente afin de préserver leursremarquables propriétés de luminescence et leur stabilité chimique. Deux types de nanoparticulesont été étudiés, des particules de latex et des billes de silice qui ont toutes les deux été synthétiséesen milieu hétérogène.La silice a été synthétisée par un procédé sol-gel en microémulsion inverse. Deux organolanthanidesluminescents initialement dissous dans les micelles inverses ont été piégés physiquement dans lasilice amorphe pendant sa formation. Une nouvelle méthode basée sur la quantification de l’activitéd’un isotope radioactif de l’Eu(III) a été développée pour étudier l’incorporation desorganolanthanides. Les propriétés physico-chimiques des organolanthanides influencent directementleur localisation au sein des particules et l’efficacité d’incorporation. L’étude approfondie de cesnanoparticules a permis de mettre en évidence une amélioration de la relaxivité d’un complexe deGd(III) quand il est confiné dans la silice.Les particules de latex ont été synthétisées par polymérisation radicalaire en miniémulsion directe.Différents organolanthanides de structures ionique ou non ionique ont été incorporés efficacementpar simple dissolution dans le monomère. L’incorporation du complexe de structure ionique anécessité l’utilisation d’un tensioactif cationique afin de le maintenir à l’intérieur des gouttelettes etgarantir son incorporation dans les particules de latex. Ce système permet d’incorporer un grandnombre de complexes et aucun relargage n’est observé après plusieurs mois. Le ligand utilisé permeten plus d’exciter jusqu’à dix terre rares simultanément. En faisant varier la nature et la quantité desorganolanthanides incorporés, il est ainsi possible de générer des codes optiques complexes sousune excitation unique. / This work deals with the elaboration of luminescent nanoparticles based on organolanthanides forbioimaging and optical coding. The organolanthanides were embedded without covalent linking inorder to preserve their remarkable luminescent properties and chemical stability. Two differenttypes of nanoparticles have been studied: polymer latexes and silica particles that were bothsynthesized in dispersed media.The silica nanoparticles were synthesized by a reverse microemulsion-mediated sol-gel process. Twoluminescent lanthanide chelates originally dissolved into water droplets were physically trapped intothe amorphous silica during its formation. A novel method based on a radioactive Eu(III) probe hasbeen developed to study the incorporation process. The physicochemical properties of the differentchelates had a strong influence on their localization within the particles and on the measuredincorporation efficiencies. This study finally allowed us to investigate the effect of Gd(III) complexesconfinement into silica nanoparticles.Luminescent polymer latexes based on organolanthanides have been synthesized by miniemulsionpolymerization. Several organolanthanides exhibiting a ionic structure or a non-ionic structure havebeen efficiently embedded into latex particles by simple dissolution in the corresponding monomers.For the ionic lanthanide chelate, a cationic surfactant was used to maintain the organolanthanidecomplex inside the droplets and guaranty and efficient incorporation. The resulting polymericluminescent nanoparticles showed excellent stability over leakage and a high loading capacity. Thisparticular ligand is able to efficiently sensitize over ten luminescent lanthanides, emitting in thevisible, the NIR or both regions. This allowed us to generate a large variety of color codes based onluminescence by tuning the emission signal using several lanthanide ions.

Ce travail concerne l'ajout de GeH4 au système de précurseurs gazeux classique SiH4+C3H8 pour la croissance épitaxiale de SiC par dépôt chimique en phase vapeur. L'objectif principal était d'explorer l'influence de la présence de l'élément Ge (impureté isoélectronique à SiC), dans la matrice SiC ou à sa surface, sur les mécanismes de croissance et sur la qualité et les propriétés des couches minces déposées. La croissance épitaxiale a été réalisée dans la gamme de température 1450-1600°C sur des substrats 4H-SiC(0001) désorientés fortement (4° et 8°) ou faiblement (0° et 1°). Sur les germes désorientés, nous avons exploré l'impact des atomes de Ge sur la qualité des couches homoépitaxiales, d'un point de vue morphologique et structural. Les mécanismes d'incorporation de cette impureté ont été étudiés en fonctions des paramètres de croissance. Il a été montré que l'incorporation de cet élément peut être contrôlée dans la gamme 1x1016 - 7x1018 at.cm-3. De plus, cette incorporation de Ge s'accompagne d'une augmentation du dopage de type n. Les caractérisations électriques de ces couches montrent une amélioration de la mobilité et de la conductivité électrique du matériau 4H-SiC sans aucun impact négatif sur les caractéristiques de contact Schottky. Sur les substrats faiblement désorientés, GeH4 a été ajouté à la phase gazeuse uniquement pendant l'étape de préparation de la surface, c’est-à-dire avant d'initier la croissance de SiC. Il a été montré que des couches hétéroépitaxiales de 3C-SiC exemptes de macles peuvent être déposées dans une fenêtre de conditions expérimentales (température et flux de GeH4). Un mécanisme permettant l'élimination des macles a été proposé. Il implique une étape transitoire de croissance homoépitaxiale, favorisée par la présence de Ge liquide à la surface, suivie de la nucléation de 3C-SiC sur les larges terrasses résultant du facettage des marches. Ces couches de 3C-SiC ont été caractérisées électriquement par microscopie à force atomique en mode conduction / In this work, addition of GeH4 gas to the classical SiH4+C3H8 precursor system is reported for the epitaxial growth of SiC by chemical vapor deposition. The main objective of this fundamental study is to explore the influence of Ge presence within SiC lattice or at its surface on the overall growth mechanism and the grown layer quality and properties. Epitaxial growth was performed either on high off axis (8 and 4°) or low off-axis (1° and on-axis) 4H-SiC substrate in the temperature range 1450-1600°C. On high off-axis seeds, we discussed the impact of Ge atoms on the homoepitaxial layer quality from surface morphological and structural point of view. Ge incorporation mechanism in these layers as a function of growth parameters was also investigated. The Ge incorporation can be controlled from 1x1016 - 7x1018 at.cm-3. Moreover, a clear link between n-type doping and Ge incorporation was found. Electrical characterizations of these layers show an improvement of electron mobility and conductivity of 4H-SiC material while the performances of Schottky contacts were not negatively impacted. On low off-axis seeds, GeH4 was added to the gas phase only during the surface preparation step, i.e. before starting the SiC growth. It was found that there is a conditions window (temperature and GeH4 flux) for which heteroepitaxial 3C-SiC twin free layers can be grown. Interpretation of the results allowed proposing a mechanism leading to twin boundary elimination. It involves a transient homoepitaxial growth step, favored by the presence of liquid Ge at the surface, followed by 3C nucleation when large terraces are formed by step faceting. Electrical characteristics of the twin free 3C-SiC layers were studied using conductive atomic force microscopy (c-AFM)

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T18:39:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Anderson Pascoal Constantino.pdf: 883949 bytes, checksum: ac3b17970bb8cfd991ccbbee9a3ae187 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-12 / In today s marketplace where globalization is essential for Companies the acquisition or business association is essential for aim their growth business and become more competitive. These acquisitions are solely aimed at unifying the market and achieving growth for their shareholders profits. Nonetheless, regulators dedicate significant time to issue technical standards and to conduct studies addressing the accounting and tax treatment applicable to these transactions. Since the implementation of the new accounting standards (CPC Brazilian Financial Accounting Standards Board) that began on 2008 and completely implemented on 2010, and these standards are harmonized with the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), a significant number of questions and professional judgment have given rise to of new accounting standards. The new accounting standards issued related of acquisition, goodwill and income tax have not presented clearly, which are the necessary accounting entries to demonstrated the income tax impact in the initial and after the business combination acquisition with incorporation or reverse incorporation. This lack of explicitness generated for two reasons: a) the new accounting standards are basically the translation from the IFRS International Financial Reporting Standard, so the new accounting standards are harmonized; b) the Brazilian income tax s Law is different from the income tax s Law of the region that the international accounting standards were initially composed. The income tax rules adapted for the new accounting standards, but there are differences between the new accounting standards and the income tax rules, as the goodwill amortization originated from a business combination that for income tax is still amortized and for accounting this amortization is not permitted. The main objective of this study was analyzed which are the necessary accounting entries to demonstrated the income tax impact under a business combination through incorporation or reverse incorporation. This is consider a qualitative research with focus on exploratory study that was developed through a case study, which are analyzed public information related of Financial Statement of publicly-held corporation whose shares are trade related at the year ended on December of 2010. This research verified that the companies analyzed are using the rational associated with the accounting and tax of the new standards and apparently the accountant are properly interpreted the new accounting standards / No atual mercado, onde a globalização é essencial para as Empresas, as aquisições de Empresas ou associações de negócios são fundamentais para almejar o crescimento de seu negócio e se tornar mais competitiva. As aquisições, em sua maioria, visam à unificação do mercado e o crescimento de lucros a seus acionistas. Por outro lado, os órgãos reguladores dedicam tempo significativo para emitir pronunciamentos técnicos e estudos para conduzir o tratamento contábil e fiscal destas transações. A partir da implementação dos novos pronunciamentos contábeis brasileiros emitidos pelo Comitê de Pronunciamentos Contábeis que são harmonizados com as normais internacionais de contabilidade (IFRS - International Financial Reporting Standard), que começou em 2008 e que foi integralmente implementado em 2010, gerou-se um volume significativo de dúvidas e julgamentos profissionais sobre a maioria destes pronunciamentos contábeis. Os pronunciamentos contábeis emitidos para tratar de aquisições, ágio e imposto de renda e contribuição social não apresentam, com clareza, quais são os registros contábeis necessários para apresentar os impactos de imposto de renda e contribuição social no momento inicial e posterior em uma combinação de negócios por meio de incorporação e incorporação reversa. Esta falta de clareza gera-se por dois motivos: a) os novos pronunciamentos contábeis são basicamente a tradução das normas internacionais de contabilidade (IFRS), ou seja, harmonização; b) as regras fiscais brasileiras para fins de imposto de renda e contribuição social são diferentes das regras fiscais do país de origem onde as normas foram inicialmente escritas. O regulamento do imposto de renda e contribuição social brasileiro se adaptou aos novos pronunciamentos contábeis, porém, existem diferenças entre os novos pronunciamentos contábeis e o regulamento do imposto de renda e contribuição social, como a própria amortização do ágio gerado em uma combinação de negócios . O principal objetivo deste estudo foi analisar quais são os registros contábeis necessários para demonstrar os impactos do imposto de renda e contribuição social sobre transações de combinação de negócios por meio de incorporação e incorporação reversa. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, de natureza exploratória que foi desenvolvida por meio de um estudo de caso, no qual são analisadas informações públicas das demonstrações financeiras, do exercício findo em dezembro de 2010, de empresas abertas, com capital negociado em bolsa de valores. A pesquisa constatou que as empresas analisadas utilizam-se do racional com relação às interpretações dos pronunciamentos contábeis e fiscais e, aparentemente estão sendo corretamente interpretados pelos profissionais contábeis destas Empresas