台灣證券交易所於2002年2月22日發佈規定，於發佈日後之申請上市公司，需聘任2席獨立董事與1席獨立監察人，櫃臺買賣中心亦於2002年2月25日發佈相同規定。對台灣上市櫃公司而言，獨立董監事制度之正面效益尚未明確，且可能使公司內部資訊流入外人手中，稀釋最終控制者之決策影響力。本研究從財務特性及最終控制者特性兩觀點，探討影響台灣上市櫃公司自願性設置獨立董監事之因素。另外，本研究認為獨立董監事應可發揮功能，增進公司營運效，故接著探討設置獨立董監事後，對公司後續營運績效是否有正面效益。 在影響台灣上市櫃公司自願性設置獨立董監事因素之分析，多變量迴歸實證結果發現，資訊電子業者、營運規模較小、獨立董監事設置年度前三年之平均股東權益報酬率較高及盈餘分配權與董監席次控制權偏離程度較小之公司，傾向於自願性設置獨立董監事之比例較高。 本研究以營業收益、淨利及持續性淨利衡量樣本公司之股東權益報酬率及資產報酬率，形成六種營運績效變數，探討獨立董監事對公司績效是否有正面效益。單變量實證結果發現獨立董監事對前期績效表現不佳之公司，並無明顯幫助。多變量迴歸分析結果則顯示，獨立董監事之設置與否或比例高低對公司績效，不一定具有關連性，因績效衡量變數方式不同，而有不同結果。本研究認為其可能原因有三，第一為融資決策之影響，第二為後期績效涵蓋期間太短，第三為獨立董監事並未具有足夠之獨立性或專業性。 本研究另測試獨立董監事對員工分紅與董監酬勞佔淨利程度之影響。多變量分析結果顯示，獨立董監事設置與否與所佔比例，與員工分紅與董監酬勞佔淨利之前後期變動程度無關。此結果之可能原因為，本研究所蒐集設置獨立董監事後之期間僅涵蓋2002年及2003年，即使公司有設置獨立董監事，短期間內亦難以改變公司存在已久之董監酬勞與員工分紅制度。

關係人交易向為我國上市公司常見之交易型態，關係人交易雖具內部交易利益，但交易對象存在特殊關係有助於「利益輸送」或「盈餘操縱」之操作，故有論者認為關係人交易乃控制股東侵佔其他股東財富之重要工具。而台灣獨特的家族型企業結構及其所衍生的不健全公司治理架構，可能是近年來我國資本市場關係人交易弊案頻傳的主因。 台灣證券交易所於2002年2月22日起，要求首次申請上市公司至少須設置二席獨立董事及一席獨立監察人，企望藉此改善上市公司之內部治理架構。儘管過去研究顯示，董事會獨立性是董事會功能能否發揮之重要因素，然各界對此制度仍有所疑慮。因此，本研究以多元迴歸分析及單變量檢定，探討獨立董監制度及關係人交易之關係，分析獨立董監制度對上市公司之實質效益。實證結論如下： 1.相較於未引進獨立董監制度公司，引進獨立董監制度公司在關係人進貨、關係人應付融資及關係人其他支出等可能具有內部利益之關係人交易型態，關係人交易比率較高，而這可能也是獨立董監制度積極監督之正面效應。 2.相對於未引進獨立董監制度公司，自願及非自願引進公司之關係人應收融資比率較高，代表獨立董事、獨立監察人對內部利益明顯的關係人應付融資交易，能扮演著積極推動並消弭歧見的角色。 3.相較於非自願引進獨立董監制度公司，自願引進公司具有較低之關係人背書保證比率。顯示自願引進公司藉獨立董監之監督，能有效減少不利公司績效之關係人背書保證交易。 4.適用獨立董監條款之新上市公司上市後第二年度關係人銷貨及關係人應收融資顯著低於上市前第二年度之水準，代表獨立董監制度的實質監督效果可能須經兩年以上時間才得以顯現。 基於上述結論，本研究對我國獨立董監制度提出下列建議：一、擴大獨立董監制度之適用範圍；二、考慮獨立董監實質效益之顯現時程，對其任期加以規範；三、積極建構完善的市場機制，迫使控制股東自發地強化公司治理機制。 / The related-party transaction is the general transaction mode in Taiwan. Although the related-party transaction brings internal transaction profit, the clients with special relationship could help earnings management or the interest conveyance so the related-party transaction is considered as the significant tool to keep the shareholders from invading other’s fortune. Besides, the malady of the related-party transaction happened frequently in the capital market in Taiwan, and this condition could be refer to the unique structure and the unsound governmence of the companies run by the family members. Taiwan Stock Exchange Corporation(TSEC) claimed the qualification for the first time to apply to be the listed company that from Feb. 22, 2002, there should be at least two independent directors and one independent supervisor. By this way, TSEC hope to make an improvement on the governmance of the listed companies. The former research shows that the characteristic of independent directorate is the leading factor to decide if the directorate could be into full play, but we still doubt for this system. Therefore, this research adopts the Multiple Regression Analysis, T-test and Wilcoxon Sign Rank Test to illustrate the relations between the system of independent directors and supervisors and the related-party transaction, and to analyze the real effect which the system of independent directors and supervisors makes on the listed companies. The results are as follows, 1. Compared with the companies without the system of independent directors and supervisors, the companies with the system of independent directors and supervisors possess higher ratio of related-party transaction because the related- party have the internal transaction profit on merchandise, payables and other expenses. This condition could express that the system makes the positive effect on supervising. 2. Compared with the companies without the system of independent directors and supervisors, the companies voluntarily or involuntarily using the system of independent directors and supervisors possess higher ratio of the payables. This situation means that the independent directors and independent supervisors play the significant role on promoting the transactions and eliminating the diversities when the related-parties make payables transaction. 3. Compared with the companies without the system of independent directors and supervisors, the companies voluntarily using the system of independent directors and supervisors possess the lower ratio of the assurance of related- party. This condition illustrates that the system of independent directors and supervisors could reduce the adverse transaction of assurance. 4. The second year of the IPO companies which adopt the system of independent directors and supervisors have lower related-party sales and payables than before being listed companies in their second year. This fact tells us the real effect might take more than two years to carry out. In conclusion, this research offers the suggestions of the systems of independent directors and supervisors in Taiwan as below. First, the qualification of the system of independent directors and supervisors should be broadened. Second, the terms of the directors and supervisors should be made the reasonable consideration because the real effect might take time to carry out. Finally, the market mechanism should be more complete to force the blockholder to enhance the governmace of the company.