The work of this MA thesis develops a new approach to hand weaving in which the design process is led by the technique of resistant dyeing. The process is inspired by the visual properties of traditional ikats. It follows the technical ikat procedure of primary resistant dyeing and subsequently weaving. Whithin the research a new way of weaving is explored in which the dyed thread dictates the weaving process and therefore influences the weaving motif. In addition different design variables such as material, binding pattern and finishing are used to push forward the developed concept. The aim of this work is to explore new aesthetic expressions between regular and irregular motifs through the application of design thinking. The result presents an innovative approach in the ikat technique in order to create random distributed patterns and how they can be already influenced in the stage of yarn preparation.

by Siu-tai Tsim. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1993. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 382-403). / Statement --- p.4 / Acknowledgements --- p.5 / Abstract --- p.6 / Abbreviation --- p.8 / Chapter Chapter 1. --- General introduction --- p.10 / Chapter PART I. --- Biodegradation of Indigo carmine / Chapter Chapter 2. --- Introduction to indigo/indigo carmine --- p.29 / Chapter Chapter 3. --- Purification and characterization of crude indigo carmine degrading enzyme --- p.59 / Chapter Chapter 4. --- Characterization of indigo carmine degradation products --- p.181 / Chapter Chapter 5. --- Toxicity of indigo carmine and its degradation products --- p.219 / Chapter Chapter 6. --- A new method to determine the concentration of indigo dye --- p.301 / Chapter PART II. --- Biosorption of Sulfur black dye / Chapter Chapter 7. --- "An efficient method for removal of sulfur black dye, a contaminant in sodium thiosulfate, a side product of sulfur black production" --- p.319 / References --- p.382

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Texas at El Paso, 2009. / Title from title screen. Vita. CD-ROM. Includes bibliographical references. Also available online.

Thesis (M. Sc.)(Genetics)--University of Pretoria, 2003. / Summaries in Afrikaans and English. Includes bibliographical references.

Two new series of organic soluble indigoids 7-7-dialkoxyindigoids (4a, 4b) and 4,4-dibromo-7,7-dialkoxyindigoids (5a, 5b) (alkoxy = n-butoxy and n-octyloxy) have been synthesized starting from the inexpensive 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde for OFET applications. The indigoids were soluble in common organic solvents such as chloroform, dichloromethane, toluene, ethyl acetate and ethers. The enhanced solubility was suggested to be a lack of intermolecular hydrogen-bonds as confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. It was found that intramolecular hydrogen-bonds in indigoids were crucial to the exhibition of field-effect in OFETs, while intermolecular hydrogen-bonds only caused insolubility of the indigoids. Compared to the pristine insoluble indigo (LUMO = -3.55 eV and Eg = 1.91 eV), the soluble indigoids containing electron donating alkoxy side chains at the indigoid 7 and 7 positions were shown to have LUMO decreased by -0.13 to -0.26 eV as well as a lower bandgap energy from Eg = 1.66 to 1.94 eV. A bottom-gate-top-contact OFET employing polystyrene as the dielectric layer was used to demonstrate the field-effect properties. The indigoid 4,4-dibromo-7,7-dioctyloxyindigoid (5b) was found to exhibit the highest electron mobility at 2.20 ₉ 10-5 cm2V-1s-1. In addition, 4,4-dibromo-7,7-dioctyloxyindigoids (5) can be further derivatized by organometallic catalyzed aryl-aryl coupling reactions to create functional organic electronic materials.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2003. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2003. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet.

Orientador: Alba Regina Monteiro Souza Brito / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T17:16:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Almeida_AnaCristinaAlvesde_D.pdf: 2447485 bytes, checksum: 029d5569d7c4d1eaaffa8f4a530937dd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: A Doença Inflamatória Intestinal (DII), que compreende a Doença de Crohn (DC) e a Retocolite Ulcerativa (RCU), é marcada por resposta inflamatória exacerbada a componentes da microbiota, com danos à mucosa do cólon. O tratamento de DII envolve drogas ineficazes para a remissão de todos os parâmetros da doença, com vários efeitos colaterais e custo elevado, o que motiva a busca de novos agentes terapêuticos. Sendo os produtos naturais uma importante fonte para desenvolvimento de medicamentos, buscou-se, nesse trabalho, avaliar o efeito do alcaloide índigo em modelos experimentais de colite. Inicialmente, foi avaliado o tratamento oral com índigo em colite aguda induzida por ácido trinitrobenzeno sulfônico (TNBS) em ratos HanUnib: WH (Wistar), um modelo experimental de DC. O tratamento com índigo resultou em redução da lesão macroscópica, medida através de escore, na dose de 3 mg/kg, e da área de lesão ulcerativa (doses 0,1; 3; 10 e 30 mg/kg). Apenas a administração da maior dose (30 mg/kg) evitou o aumento da razão peso/comprimento do cólon e não houve diminuição da diarreia e aderência do cólon, após tratamento com o alcaloide. Danos histológicos foram minimizados no cólon de animais tratados com índigo (3, 6 e 12 mg/kg). Como a lesão macroscópica por TNBS é bastante severa, a dose de 3 mg/kg, que reduziu tanto o índice (escore) quanto a área de lesão, foi selecionada para as análises posteriores. Nos ratos tratados com índigo (3 mg/kg), houve aumento na atividade da superóxido dismutase (SOD) e redução da atividade da glutationa peroxidase (GPx), redução dos níveis de peroxidação lipídica (LPO) e, parcialmente, de glutationa (GSH), sem alteração significativa na atividade da glutationa redutase (GR) e catalase (CAT). O tratamento com índigo (3 mg/kg) evitou aumento da expressão de ciclooxigenase 2 (COX-2), e não mostrou efeito significativo na expressão de fator nuclear de transcrição ?B (NF-?B) e na concentração de citocina anti-inflamatória interleucina 10 (IL-10). O segundo modelo experimental empregado neste trabalho foi a indução de colite aguda por dextrana sal sódico (DSS), em camundongos Unib: SW (Swiss), que apresenta similaridades com a RCU. A administração de índigo (3 mg/kg) não levou à redução significativa do índice de atividade da doença (DAI), o qual engloba alteração de peso corporal, presença de diarreia e sangue nas fezes; entretanto, foi eficaz em evitar o aumento da razão peso/comprimento do cólon. Em análise histológica, notou-se menor gravidade dos danos causados pelo DSS (aumento da parede do cólon, com infiltração celular na mucosa e submucosa, desorganização do epitélio). No cólon de animais tratados com índigo, observou-se aumento na atividade da SOD, não acompanhada de mudanças nos níveis de GSH e atividade da GPx, GR e CAT. O alcaloide inibiu aumento na concentração cólica da citocina IL-6, mas não da interleucina IL-1?. Em modelo experimental de colite crônica, com recidiva, associada a câncer de cólon por azoximetano e DSS (AOM/DSS) em camundongos Unib: SW (Swiss) machos, a administração de índigo reduziu a mortalidade, minimizou a perda de massa corporal dos animais e evitou o aumento da razão peso/comprimento do cólon. A substância teste, entretanto, não foi capaz de reduzir o DAI, nesse experimento, por não minimizar a perda de consistência e o aparecimento de sangue nas fezes. No modelo de colite crônica por AOM/DSS (9 semanas), animais sadios tratados com salina fisiológica (veículo) ou índigo (3 mg/kg) foram monitorados para análise de sinais de toxicidade do alcaloide, a partir dos parâmetros: mortalidade, evolução de peso corporal, consumo de ração, peso e avaliação macroscópica dos órgãos coração, pulmões, rins e fígado. Não foram encontrados indícios de toxicidade nos parâmetros avaliados, mas devido à mortalidade de 17 % dos camundongos tratados com índigo, foi realizado teste de toxicidade aguda de dose única. Após 14 dias da administração oral e intraperitoneal de índigo (1000 mg/kg), em camundongos Unib:SW (Swiss) machos e fêmeas, não foram observadas alterações na evolução de peso corporal, consumo de água e ração, peso de órgãos vitais, comportamento e sobrevivência dos animais. Em suma, o alcaloide índigo apresentou efeito anti-inflamatório em modelos de colite por TNBS, DSS e AOM/DSS. A redução do estresse oxidativo deve ter papel central na redução das lesões causadas pelo TNBS, enquanto que na colite por DSS, a regulação da IL-6 parece ser determinante para redução dos danos. Apesar de não minimizar todos os parâmetros de danos causados pela colite, o tratamento com índigo possibilitou que os animais ficassem, em geral, menos debilitados (evidenciado pelo maior peso e consumo de ração) que os animais não tratados / Abstract: Inflammatory Bowel diseases (IBD) are known as na exacerbated imune response within the intestinal tract, mainly the mucosa of the colon. The IBD treatment is rather ineffective, including various side effects and high costs. Thus, the research with active compounds may bring therapeutic alternatives for IBD. Since natural products have been a vast source for pharmacology, we decided to investigate the effect of Indigo alkaloid in experimental models of IBD. The oral administration of Indigo (3 mg/Kg) in trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid (TNBS) -induced colitis showed beneficial results in the macroscopic and microscopic lesions, without significant results in the other evaluated parameters (diarrhea and intestine adhesion). We observed a reduction in the sulfhydryl groups (GSH) and in the activity of Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), an increase in the activity of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and Lipid Peroxidation (LPO). The treatment with Indigo (3 mg/Kg) prevented an increase in the LPO levels, and partially, the reduction of GSH levels. Furthermore, Indigo inhibited the increase of Cycloxigenase 2 (COX-2) expression. In the Indigo-treated animals, the expression of the Nuclear Factor kB (NF-kB) and the concentration of interleukin 10 (IL-10) were kept at intermediary levels between the healthy group and the non-treated colitic group (Veículo + TNBS). In the Dextran Sodium Salt (DSS), Indigo showed no effect on the disease associated index (DAI), which includes body weight reduction, consistence and blood in feces. However, the 7-day oral treatment with Indigo was capable of avoiding the weight/length ratio of the colon, which is usually augmented in the intestinal inflammation. In the histological, we observed a thickening of the intestinal wall, with mucosal and submucosal cell infiltration, necrotic areas as well as epithelium disorganization in the DSS-induced inflammation. The treatment with Indigo showed less severe morphological lesions. In the Dss-induced colitis, IL-6 and IL-1? levels were higher in the negative control group (DSS), which was prevented with the treatment with Indigo. In the azoximethane/DSS-cancer associated recidive model of colitis, the administration of Indigo lowered the death rate, minimized the body weight loss and also prevented the increase in the wejght/length ratio of the colon. The test substance, however, was not capable of of reducing DAI in this model, since it didn't minimize the loss of consistence and neither the blood in feces. Animals treated with saline or Indigo for 9 weeks were used for the analyses of Indigo toxicity through the following parameters: body weight evolution, chaw consumption, organ weight and macroscopic evaluation (heart, kidneys, lung and liver). In this analysis, no signs of toxicity were found for this dose of Indigo. Although it did not enhance all the parameters studied in this model of colitis, we observed that the Indigo-treated animals were, in general, less debilitated than the non-treated ones. Other studies and parameters have to be performed for a better understanding of the alkaloid effects in the intestinal inflammation / Doutorado / Fármacos, Medicamentos e Insumos para Saúde / Doutora em Ciências

This dissertation explores the structural modification of indigo into its rare cis form by substitution of a short organic bridge between the two indole nitrogen atoms. The synthesized N,N′-tethered cis-indigoids are assessed for their physicochemical properties in order to understand the effect of the organic tether on cis-indigoid systems. Three literature compounds containing “simple” tether structures are synthesized and subjected to complete characterization. Among them, alkyl group based cis-indigos, 2.5 and 2.6 exhibit similar absorption wavelengths as the parent indigo while oxalyl-tethered indigo 2.7 shows a large hypsochromic shift due to the strong electron-withdrawing nature of the oxalyl group. The electronics of the tether also affected the HOMO and LUMO energy levels; the oxalyl tether lowered both energy levels in comparison to the alkyl tethers. However, the indigoid co-planarity was strongly affected by the ring size from the tether rather than electronics. A new tethered cis-indigo structure type was discovered in reactions involving quinones. This new tether type consists of a 2,2′-dihydroindigo unit connected to the cis-indigo backbone through a central C–C bond of the former. Incorporation of the quinone moiety was observed in 3.2 where the final structure is comprised of two molecules of indigo and one naphthoquinone, while structures of 3.3 and 3.4 contained two indigoid units only. Investigation by CV revealed the strength of the quinone altered the early reaction intermediates. These dimeric cis-indigos show a small hypsochromic shift in the absorption compared to the parent indigo and relatively planar cis-indigoid backbone. 3.2 demonstrates rich redox behaviours. 3.3 and 3.4 display dynamic behaviours observed by solution VT 1H NMR spectroscopy. Oxalyl-tethered cis-Nindigo 4.6a and cis-indigo monoimine 4.7a were synthesized and compared with the indigoid counterpart 2.7 to examine the influence of the arylimine groups. Absorption wavelengths of the imine group containing species depended strongly on the electronics of the tether, yet the number of imine groups affected redox potentials. Protonation of 4.6a (to give H+oxalyl Nindigo 4.6aH+) causes a bathochromic shift in the absorption and allows for much easier reduction. The acidity (pKa) of 4.6aH+ is estimated between 3.6 – 4.46 in DMSO. A protonated cis-Nindigo derivative 4.9aH+ was obtained via reduction of the oxalyl group and is compared with 4.6aH+. / Graduate / 2022-08-13

Conqueror for Indigo is production treated with an active chemical to maximize the ink adhesion.ArjoWiggins has found that another chemical, the candidate compound, would improve the propertiesof the paper. ArjoWiggins therefore wish to replace the current compound. To strengthenthe patent requirements for ink adhesion needs to be determined. A theory is developed to whychemicals with certain properties maximize the ink adhesion. Experiments are performed but theresults are inaccurate. The reason for ink adhesion is still unknown.Paper treated with the candidate compound is produced in a production trial and the paper evaluated.The paper shows decreased ink adhesion compared to paper treated with current compoundbut gives higher whiteness, longer shelf life and the formulation is preferred by the milldue to health and safety reasons.