Thesis (bachelor's)--Universidad Mayor de San Marcos, 1920. / Includes bibliographical references.

by Chun-fai Lai. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1991. / Bibliography: leaves 103-116. / ABSTRACT --- p.x / LITERATURE REVIEW / Chapter I. --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter II. --- Classification of dyes --- p.1 / Chapter III. --- Adverse effects of dyes in the environment --- p.3 / Chapter IV. --- Dyes removal by physical and chemical treatment processes --- p.7 / Chapter V. --- Biodegradation as anti-pollution measure / Chapter A. --- Removal of dyes by activated sludge --- p.9 / Chapter B. --- Degradation by pure culture --- p.11 / Chapter VI. --- General properties of indigoid dyes --- p.19 / Chapter VII. --- Biosynthesis of indigo --- p.21 / Chapter VIII. --- Indigo as dye in Hong Kong --- p.26 / Chapter IX. --- Purpose of study --- p.29 / MATERIALS AND METHODS / Chapter I. --- Preliminary studies on the stability of indigo carmine --- p.32 / Chapter II. --- Standard curve of indigo carmine --- p.33 / Chapter III. --- Isolation of indigo carmine degrading bacteria --- p.33 / Chapter IV. --- Identification of isolated strains --- p.34 / Chapter V. --- Characterization of batch culture of Micrococcus sp. H-12 / Chapter A. --- Inducibility of decolorization ability --- p.34 / Chapter B. --- Growth and decolorization kinetics in indigo carmine --- p.35 / Chapter C. --- Effect of temperature on growth and decolorization of the bacterial culture --- p.36 / Chapter D. --- Effect of pH on growth and decolorization of the bacterial culture --- p.35 / Chapter E. --- Effect of aeration on the growth and decolorization of the bacterial culture --- p.37 / Chapter F. --- Decolorization of indigo carmine under anaerobic condition --- p.37 / Chapter G. --- Effect of carbon sources on the growth and decolorization of the bacterial culture --- p.37 / Chapter H. --- Utilization of indigo carmine as carbon source --- p.38 / Chapter I. --- Utilization of indigo carmine as nitrogen source --- p.38 / Chapter J. --- Inhibitory effect of indigo carmine to the growth and decolorization of the bacterial culture --- p.39 / Chapter VI. --- Characterization of resting cells of Micrococcus sp. H-12 / Chapter A. --- Effect of incubation temperature --- p.40 / Chapter B. --- Effect of incubation pH --- p.40 / Chapter C. --- Effect of aeration --- p.41 / Chapter VII. --- Decolorization by supernatant and cell-free extract --- p.41 / Chapter VIII. --- Identification of degradation products of indigo carmine / Chapter A. --- Preliminary analysis by spectrophotometric method --- p.42 / Chapter B. --- By thin layer chromatographic method --- p.42 / Chapter C. --- Determination of chemical structure of the degradation products --- p.43 / RESULTS / Chapter I. --- Preliminary studies on the stability of indigo carmine --- p.46 / Chapter II. --- Standard curve of indigo carmine --- p.48 / Chapter III. --- Isolation and identification of indigo carmine degrading strains --- p.48 / Chapter IV. --- Characterization of the batch culture of Micrococcus sp. H-12 / Chapter A. --- Inducibility of decolorization ability --- p.56 / Chapter B. --- Effect of temperature --- p.55 / Chapter C. --- Effect of pH --- p.59 / Chapter D. --- Effect of aeration --- p.59 / Chapter E. --- Growth and decolorization under anaerobic condition --- p.63 / Chapter F. --- Effect of carbon sources --- p.53 / Chapter G. --- Substitution effect of indigo carmine for major carbon source --- p.66 / Chapter H. --- Substitution effect of indigo carmine for major nitrogen source --- p.66 / Chapter I. --- Evaluation of inhibitory effect of indigo carmine --- p.69 / Chapter V. --- Characterization of the resting cells of H-12 / Chapter A. --- Effect of temperature --- p.73 / Chapter B. --- Effect of pH --- p.73 / Chapter C. --- Effect of aeration --- p.73 / Chapter VI. --- Decolorization by supernatant and cell-free extract --- p.77 / Chapter VII. --- Extraction and identification of the degradation products of indigo carmine --- p.77 / DISCUSSIONS / Chapter I. --- Indigo carmine as the model compound --- p.85 / Chapter II. --- Isolation and identification of the degrading strains --- p.87 / Chapter III. --- Characterization of the batch culture --- p.88 / Chapter IV. --- Characterization of the resting cells --- p.93 / Chapter V. --- Decolorization by supernatant and cell-free extract --- p.94 / Chapter VI. --- Extraction and identification of the degradation products --- p.95 / Chapter VII. --- Prospect --- p.97 / REFERENCES --- p.103

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at El Paso, 2008. / Title from title screen. Vita. CD-ROM. Includes bibliographical references. Also available online.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Texas at El Paso, 2008. / Title from title screen. Vita. CD-ROM. Includes bibliographical references. Also available online.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--History, Technology and Society, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006. / Lu, hanchao, Committee Member ; Usselman, Steven, Committee Member ; Krige, John, Committee Chair ; Giebelhaus, August, Committee Member ; Travis, Anthony, Committee Member. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2005. / The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file viewed on (July 18, 2006) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Orientador: Alba Regina Monteiro Souza Brito / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T07:29:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dunder_RicardoJose_D.pdf: 2426258 bytes, checksum: 9743b73aabe9418e5f23aa0021ea18ae (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: A inflamação é uma resposta do sistema imune a patógenos ou a traumas físicos e químicos; sua evolução pode resultar em resolução dos danos ou tornar-se crônica. Como tal, trata-se de um fenômeno complexo envolvendo inúmeros mediadores como o NF-?B, que promove a liberação de citocinas e enzimas pró-inflamatórias seguidas por uma infiltração de leucócitos, resultando nos cinco sinais cardinais: calor, rubor, tumor (edema), dor e perda de função. A aplicação de metabólitos secundários de plantas é uma alternativa para o tratamento da dor e inflamação. Dentre estes metabólitos, os alcaloides recebem especial atenção já que a morfina é o mais potente analgésico conhecido. Neste trabalho o potencial anti-inflamatório e analgésico de outro alcaloide, o índigo (1.5, 3.0 e 6.0 mg/kg), obtido a partir de Indigofera truxillensis (Leguminosae), foi analisado em modelos de edema (de orelha induzido por xilol e ácido araquidônico, e de pata induzido por carragenina) e de migração celular (granuloma cotton pellet e pleurisia). Nesses modelos, o índigo apresentou redução significativa do edema e do infiltrado celular, principalmente de polimorfonucleares. Análises por ELISA (em lavado pleural) revelaram que o alcaloide diminuiu os níveis de MPO, nitrito e nitrato, PGE2 e TNF-?, além de apresentar redução significativa na expressão da COX-2 avaliadas por western blot e imuno-histoquímica. A redução dos mediadores sugere que o índigo possa ter ação anti-inflamatória envolvendo NF-?B, já que tal atividade foi confirmada por western blot. Nos modelos de dor inflamatória (teste de Randall & Selitto, contorções abdominais e formalina) o alcaloide novamente demonstrou resposta significativa, muito provavelmente por reduzir os mediadores inflamatórios envolvidos. O índigo aumentou a latência em modelos de dor induzido por estímulo térmico (tail flick e placa quente) e capsaicina, ambos envolvidos com atividade do TRPV1, mas não demonstrou interação alguma com receptores opioides no modelo de formalina com reversão por naloxona. Os resultados sugerem que o índigo possui ação anti-inflamatória devido um possível mecanismo de ação COX-2 e NF-?B. É provável que a redução desses mediadores contribua para ação analgésica na dor inflamatória e também para redução da dor periférica / Abstract: The inflammation is an immune system response to pathogens, chemical or physical traumas; this evolution may result in damage, or become chronic. It is a complex phenomenon, which involves several mediators, such as NF-?B that promotes the release of cytokines and pro-inflammatory enzymes followed by leukocyte infiltration; resulting in five cardinal signs: heat, redness, tumour, pain and loss of function. The application of secondary metabolites of plants is an alternative for treatment of pain and inflammation. Among the metabolites, the alkaloids receive special emphasis such as morphine, a potent analgesic. In this work, the anti-inflammatory and analgesic potential of indigo alkaloid (1.5, 3.0 e 6.0 mg/kg), obtained from Indigofera truxillensis (Leguminosae) was observed in edema models (xylene and arachidonic acid ear edema and carrageenan hind paw) and cellular infiltration (granuloma cotton pellet e pleurisy). In these models, indigo presented significant reduction of edema and cellular infiltration, mainly polimorphonuclears. ELISA analyses revealed that alkaloid decreased the levels of MPO, nitrite and nitrate, PGE2 and TNF-?, as well as the expression of COX-2 by western blot and immunohistochemistry. The reduction of mediators suggests that indigo could have anti-inflammatory an action that involves NF-?B, this activity was seen again by western blot. Randall & Selitto, abdominal writhing and formalin models of inflammatory pain were also performed and the alkaloid, over again, showed significant statistic response, probably by the reduction of inflammatory mediators. Indigo was also evaluated in neurogenic models of pain and demonstrated an increase of the latency in thermal stimuli (tail flick and hot plate tests) and capsaicin tests implicated with TRPV1 activity, however, the alkaloid did not show any interaction with opioid receptors in the formalin test with naloxone reversal. These results suggest that indigo has an anti-inflammatory action that may be involved with COX-2 and NF-?B, the reduction of these mediators contributed to the analgesic action in inflammatory pain and also to the reduction in peripheral pain / Doutorado / Farmacologia / Doutor em Farmacologia

Reproduction de : Thèse de doctorat : Sciences des agroressource : Toulouse, INPT : 2005. / Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr. 122 réf.

Plants are abundant in cytochrome P450s constituting about 1% of their protein coding genes. Some of these P450s catalyze oxidation reactions in metabolic pathways that lead to valuable compounds, like the anticancer drug paclitaxel, the blue pigment indigo and the promising antileukemic agent indirubin. The promiscuous nature of P450 catalysis enables simultaneous production of indirubin and indigo from a common substrate, but it also decreases the yield of paclitaxel in both plants and heterologous hosts, respectively. In this thesis, the catalytic promiscuity of CYP725A4 from Taxus cuspidata and CYP71B102 from Isatis tinctoria were investigated. CYP725A4 and CYP71B102 are involved in the biosynthesis of paclitaxel and indigo/indirubin pathways, respectively. CYP725A4 is known to catalyze the hydroxylation of endotaxadiene to taxadiene-5α-ol (T5α-ol), a precursor to paclitaxel, while CYP71B102 catalyzes the production of indigo and indirubin via hydroxylation of indole. CYP725A4 exhibited catalytic promiscuity upon heterologous expression in Escherchia coli producing 5(12)-oxa-3(11)-cyclotaxane (OCT) and 5(11)-oxa-3(11)-cyclotaxane (iso-OCT) as major products, and T5α-ol as a minor product with trace amounts of unidentified monooxygenated taxanes. The presence of T5α-ol was confirmed by comparing its gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) retention time and spectrum with a standard T5α-ol, while those of others were verified by matching mass spectra from previous studies. Coexpression of CYP725A4 with cytochrome P450 reductase, CPR (as either fused or separate proteins) and cytochrome b5 (Cb5) did not affect the ratios of OCT, iso-OCT, and T5α-ol, although Cb5 had an apparently negative impact on CYP725A4 activity. Attempts to modify the catalytic promiscuity of CYP725A4 were conducted by mutating key residues at the active site of the enzyme. A mutant V3741 increased the production of T5α-ol by ~10 fold, although it still supported the formation of OCT and iso-OCT as major products. The levels of these compounds in V374I were almost 45% less than in native CYP725A4. Site-directed mutagenesis was also performed on taxadiene synthase (TS) to find a mutant that only produced exotaxadiene, which could be provided to CYP725A4 as an alternative substrate. Among the TS mutants generated, none were capable of producing only exotaxadiene, but two of the TS mutants, Y684C and Q609E, produced a reasonable amount of exotaxadiene. However, coexpression of these mutants with CYP725A4 and TCPR continued to produce OCT and iso-OCT. When CYP71B102 was expressed in E. coli, indigo was the main product, while indirubin and 2-oxindole were minor products, as verified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Half-strength terrific broth (TB) medium in combination with 5-aminolevulinic acid supplementation and isatin hydrolase coexpression altogether increased indigo formation, while supplementation with isatin and 2-oxindole increased indirubin formation. The results of this study showed that the catalytic promiscuity of CYP725A4 and CYP71B102 could be modulated by metabolic and enzyme engineering to increase the yield of commercially important compounds, like paclitaxel, indigo and indirubin.

Thesis (M.S.)--North Carolina State University, 2004. / Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Dec. 16, 2005). Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references.