Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 1997. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 101-103). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 1997. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 101-103). Also available on the Internet.

Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on Feb. 24, 2010). The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Dr. Frank Thompson and Dr. Mickey Heitmeyer, Dissertation Supervisors. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at El Paso, 2009. / Title from title screen. Vita. CD-ROM. Includes bibliographical references. Also available online.

Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Queensland, 2005. / Includes bibliography.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-20T12:40:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Karine Klider.pdf: 4696661 bytes, checksum: 1625309038e6d64e39214301b4f96f7b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In this study, we evaluated the optical and electrochemical properties of organic compounds of different types in order to analyze their potential for application active layer in photovoltaic devices. The work was divided into three parts. The first discloses the preparation and characterization of a derivative of 1,8-naphthalimide chromophore prepared from the reaction with a benzonitrile unit (also synthesized and characterized in this work). The BID-NB compound showed optical and electrochemical properties equivalent of the chromophore with optical and electrochemical band gap of 3.41 eV and 2.19 eV. Photovoltaic devices using bilayer architecture, constructed with the compound as the active layer, reached 0.9% of power conversion efficiency (PCE) and a current density at short circuit of 5.68 mA cm-2 by using the C70 fullerene as electron acceptor layer, and 1,8-diiodoocthane as additive in the solution for active layer deposition. The second part the work described the preparation of conjugated molecules (with electron donor acceptor characteristics) from the indigo dye modification by addiction of thiophene units. It was found that increasing number of thiophene units resulted in better opto-electrochemical properties. The molecule that showed the best behavior, DHT-IND, presented optical and electrochemical band gap of 1.64 and 1.45 eV respectively. Despite the low band gap value, the bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cell constructed with a 1: 3 mixture of DHT-IND and PC71BM as active layer, showed PCE of 0.7% and current density at short circuit of -4.59 mA cm-2. The fill factor (FF) was 26%. In the third part of this work we evaluated the photocurrent generation by the copolymer PPV/DCN-PPV formed by DCN-PPV chains attached to PPV chain. The evaluation performed as film deposited on a glass substrate containing ITO coated, which has exposed to a LED ilumination. After irradiation the copolymer generated current of A cm-2 (unstable), and -2 A cm-2 (stable). / Neste trabalho foram avaliadas as propriedades ópticas e eletroquímicas de deferentes compostos orgânicos, e analisar suas potencialidades para aplicação como camada ativa em dispositivos fotovoltaicos. Dividiu-se o trabalho em três partes. A primeira revelou a preparação e caracterização de um derivado do cromóforo 1,8-naftalimida, preparado a partir da reação com uma unidade de benzonitrila previamente preparada e caracterizada. O composto 4-(2-(1,3-dioxo-1H-benzo[de]isoquinolin-2(3H)-il)etoxi)-2,5-dimetilbenzonitrila, ou BID-NB, apresentou propriedades ópticas e eletroquímicas equivalentes às do cromóforo, com band gap óptico de 3,41 eV e eletroquímico de 2,19 eV. Dispositivos fotovoltaicos de bicamada foram construídos com o composto BID-NB como camada ativa, sendo que a eficiência máxima de conversão foi de 0,9% com uma densidade de corrente de curto circuito de -5,68 mA cm-2. O dispositivo que auferiu tais resultados foi construído com o fulereno elétron-aceptor C70, e com o auxilio do aditivo 1,8-diiodooctano na deposição da camada ativa. A segunda parte do trabalho consistiu da preparação de moléculas conjugadas do tipo doador/aceptor de elétrons, a partir da modificação do corante índigo com unidades de tiofenos. Constatou-se que o aumento da quantidade de unidades de tiofenos nas moléculas favoreceu suas propriedades opto-eletroquímicas. O composto 7,14-bis(3``,4`-diexil-[2,2`:5`,2``-tertiofen]-5-il)diindolo[3,2,1-de:3`,2`,1`-il][1,5]naftiridina-6,13-diona, ou DHT-IND, foi o que apresentou os menores valores de band gap óptico e eletroquímico, nos valores de 1,64 e 1,45 eV respectivamente. O dispositivo fotovoltaico de heterojunção, construído a partir da mistura 1:3 de DHT-IND e PC71BM como camada ativa, apresentou eficiência de conversão de 0,7% e densidade de corrente de -4,59 mA cm-2. Na terceira parte deste trabalho avaliou-se geração de fotocorrente em um copolímero formado por blocos de PPV ligados a blocos de DCN-PPV (PPV/DCN-PPV). A avaliação foi efetuada na forma de filme sobre um substrato de vidro contendo ITO, o qual foi exposto a iluminação de LED. O copolímero gerou corrente de até -4 A cm-2 (instável), e de -2 A cm-2 (estável) após iluminação.

Signaling the moon, packing balls of mud, carving a big sphere, cleaning with a giant unwieldy mop, playing with indigo, wrangling cardboard, setting sunflowers ablaze, playing a tune with a soda bottle, taking a walk with other people’s laundry, kindling smoke signals, weaving a bed, cracking seeds all night, listening to sleep, dressing a plant, these are some of the activities that have been incorporated into my work over the last two years. Most ideas begin in the studio and then are realized outside. Many of the tasks mentioned allow me to easily integrate into a crowd, where the project and I go unnoticed and remain indistinguishable from the buzz of day to day life. Other projects however, have been done with more consideration for its secrecy. The narratives that are incorporated in this thesis, both personal and culled from research, attempt to unpack some of the fleeting yet conceptually interwoven curiosities that have propelled me to search for these experiences.

[pt] O anil ou índigo é um corante azul de origem vegetal com registros de uso que remetem às primeiras civilizações. Sua tradição como planta tintorial vem da ótima qualidade de tingimento que oferece em fibras animais e vegetais. Além disso, as folhas da anileira tem a peculiaridade de fornecer também a cor azul como pigmento, insolúvel, e assim, aumentar suas possibilidades de uso. A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo explorar possíveis aplicações do pigmento índigo natural em materiais artísticos como uma forma de ampliar a gama de produtos disponíveis com essa matéria-prima. Experimentos foram realizados para testar o comportamento, a resistência à luz e a aplicabilidade do pigmento em quatro técnicas de pintura diferentes. O desempenho dos materiais desenvolvidos foi suficiente para sustentar o uso da versão natural do pigmento índigo como alternativo à sintética, apresentando ainda a vantagem de ser menos tóxica e poluente. Espera-se que o aumento da variedade de aplicações do índigo natural estimule, por consequência, o interesse pelo desenvolvimento de novos produtos e também por sua história, favorecendo o resgate de conhecimento e as práticas tradicionais de cultivo de anileira em localidades brasileiras com histórico de cultivo no passado. / [en] The indigo is a blue dye from vegetal origin with records of its use that turns back in to the first civilizations. It’s tradition as a dye plant comes from the great quality of dyeing it offers for both animal and vegetal fibers. Besides that, the indigo plant leafs has the peculiarity of providing also the color blue as insoluble pigment, and so, it increases its using possibilities. The present research has as a go, to explore possible applications of the natural indigo pigment in artistic materials as way of extending the range of available products with this raw material. Experiments have been conducted in order to test behavior, resistance towards light, and the pigment applicability over four different dyeing techniques. The performance of the developed materials were enough to support the use of the natural version of the indigo pigment as an alternative to the synthetic, presenting yet the advantage of being less toxic and pollutant. Its expected that the increase of application variety of the natural indigo will stimulate, by consequence, the interest for the development of new products, and also, for its story, favoring the rescue of the traditional knowledge and practices of the indigo plant cultivation in Brazilian localities with a history cultivation in the past.

Par l'association d'une molécule organique colorée avec une matrice inorganique incolore, les composés hybrides sont une solution appropriée pour l'obtention de pigments stables. Ces composés sont en effet capables de résister au temps et aux conditions du milieu les environnant : la stabilité de la couleur est assurée après fixation ou encapsulation de la molécule organique à la surface d'un minéral ou dans une matrice microporeuse. Dans ce travail, nous étudions la diffusion et le processus de physisorption de l'indigo à l'intérieur des cavités et canaux d'alumino-silicates ordonnés tels que les zéolithes. Nous obtenons un complexe hybride, dont la couleur et la stabilité se rapprochent de celles du pigment Bleu Maya archéologique. Le processus physico-chimique à l'origine de la stabilité remarquable du Bleu Maya est encore très controversé. L'élaboration et l'étude du composé archéomimétique ouvre alors de nouvelles perspectives sur la compréhension des caractéristiques spectroscopiques et structurales du Bleu Maya. Les composés analogues sont caractérisés en combinant spectroscopies optiques et vibrationnelles, diffraction des rayons X sur poudre et monocristaux, et diffusion quasi-élastique des neutrons. Nous montrons que l'indigo diffuse sous la forme de monomères dans le réseau de canaux de certaines zéolithes, et se localise en stabilisant le minéral dans un état métastable. Ce travail sur les pigments hybrides anciens et leurs analogues modernes est le premier exemple sur la façon dont les matériaux anciens peuvent être une source d'inspiration dans la conception de matériaux fonctionnels modernes.

<p>A gill filament-based assay for the cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A)-catalysed activity ethoxyresorufin <i>O</i>-deethylase (EROD) was developed in rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) and applied to Atlantic salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>), Arctic charr (<i>Salvelinus alpinus</i>), Atlantic cod (<i>Gadus morhua</i>), saithe (<i>Pollachius virens</i>), and spotted wolffish (<i>Anarhichas minor</i>). Exposure to waterborne β-naphthoflavone (βNF; 10^-6 M) induced branchial EROD activity in all species but the spotted wolffish. In rainbow trout exposed to low concentrations of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP; 10^-9 M) and the textile dye indigo (10^-8 M) the gills responded more rapidly than the liver to BaP, and indigo induced branchial but not hepatic EROD activity.</p><p>A CYP1A-dependent BaP adduct formation was shown in gills of fish exposed to waterborne ³H-BaP, i.e. the adduct formation was enhanced by βNF and blocked by ellipticine (CYP1A inhibitor). The predominant location for BaP adducts was the secondary lamellae (most exposed part of the gill filament), whereas the CYP1A enzyme was also present in the primary lamellae of the gill filament. Hence, in addition to the cell-specific expression of CYP1A an important determinant for the localisation of adducts seemed to be the bioavailability of BaP. This idea is supported by the fact that the CYP1A enzyme was induced only in secondary lamellae by BaP (10^-7 M) and indigo (10^-6 M), whereas it was induced in both primary and secondary lamellae by 3,3´,4,4´,5-pentachlorobiphenyl (10^-8 M). Apparently, readily metabolised inducers (BaP and indigo) are biotransformed in the secondary lamellae.</p><p>My results show that gill filament EROD activity is a sensitive biomarker of exposure to waterborne dioxin-like pollutants, and that the assay has potential for use in monitoring. Furthermore, the results suggest that readily metabolised dioxin-like compounds absorbed via the gills may undergo first-pass metabolism in the gill cells and therefore remain undetected by monitoring of EROD activity in the liver.</p>