Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:46:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 3397.pdf: 852407 bytes, checksum: 1829ba212503346c05f7bd9a4dad95cf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-06 / Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais / The Salamanca Statement (1994) advocated the practice of schooling for people with disabilities in the regular classroom and into mainstream schools, stressing the need to optimize the planning tool into pedagogic practices in order to meet the special educational needs of some students within heterogeneous classrooms. In several European and North American countries, the oficialization of the individual education practice plan is one of the intervention tools used to improve the students with disabilities education. Although the names used for this practice vary between countries and terms such as plan/planning/project, educational/scholastic/ enrollment, and personalized/individual are largely employed, these proposals focus on the existence of legal provisions to ensure to all students in situation of disability the right to an individual educational plan (IEP) tailored to meet their individual needs. There is no legal requirement for this issue in Brazil. This lack explains some of the current problems outlined by the inclusive policy and practice in our education system. This paper aimed to describe, analyze and compare the IEP proposals adopted by Italy, France, U.S., and Spain, seeking to comprehend the IEP regulation in these countries and to identify parameters to elaborate proposals enlightening the paths to follow to implement this practice in Brazil. It was a documentary study based on available data from the official websites of the Ministry of Education in those countries between 1994 and 2008. The applied methodology envolved the following stages: 1) preliminary feasibility study for a research proposal; 2) search, identification, and selection of official documents; 3) content analysis of documents related to the practice of IEP; 4) data organization; and, 5) data description and analysis. The results showed diversity between countries including the concept of school inclusion, the radical and/or total inclusion and the inclusion that presumes the existence of the continuum of support services. They also presented the variety in models of IEP from those who relate solely to the schooling to those who contemplate a more widespread attention beyond the realm of school life. The conclusions highlight the importance of legal provisions on the implementation of the IEP for students with disabilities to ensure the right of school education. / A Declaração de Salamanca (1994) preconizou a prática da escolarização de pessoas em situação de deficiência nas classes comuns das escolas regulares, desencadeando a necessidade de otimização do planejamento das práticas pedagógicas a fim de responder às necessidades educacionais particulares de alguns estudantes em classes heterogêneas. Em vários países da Europa e América do Norte, a oficialização da prática do planejamento educacional individualizado é uma das ferramentas adotadas para melhorar a educação de estudantes em situação de deficiência. Embora a terminologia referente a essa prática seja diferente entre os diversos países, variando de termos, tais como, plano\planejamento\projeto, educacional\escolástico\de escolarização e personalizado\individualizado, o ponto central dessas propostas é a existência de dispositivos legais que garantem a todo estudante em situação de deficiência o direito de um plano educacional talhado individualmente para responder às suas necessidades diferenciadas. Considerando a ausência desse tipo de requisito legal no Brasil, e que esta lacuna explica alguns dos problemas atuais apontados nas políticas e práticas de inclusão escolar em nossa realidade, o propósito do presente estudo consistiu em descrever, analisar e comparar as propostas de PEI na Itália, França, E.U.A. e Espanha, buscando descrever como ele regulamentado nesses países, a fim de identificar subsídios para elaboração de sugestões de como essa prática poderá ser instituída no Brasil. Este estudo, de natureza documental, teve como fonte de dados os documentos obtidos nos sites oficiais do Ministério da Educação daqueles países, publicados no período entre 1994 a 2008. A metodologia utilizada envolveu as seguintes etapas: 1) estudo preliminar da viabilidade da proposta da pesquisa; 2) busca, identificação e seleção dos documentos oficiais; 3) análise do conteúdo dos documentos referentes à prática do PEI; 4) organização dos dados; e 5) descrição e análise dos dados. Os resultados mostraram a diversidade entre os países desde a concepção sobre a inclusão escolar, bem como sobre a inclusão total\radical até aquela que pressupõe a existência do contínuo de serviços de apoio, e também evidenciaram a variedade nos modelos de PEI, desde aqueles que visam apenas à escolarização até os que contemplam uma atenção mais generalizada para além do domínio da vida escolar. As considerações finais apontam para a importância de dispositivos legais relacionados à implementação do PEI destinado a estudantes em situação de deficiência para que o direito à educação escolar seja de fato garantido.

The aim of my thesis is to analyze various aspects of the inclusive teaching concept within the first stages of elementary education and how such aspects may be applied. The work is divided into two main parts, theoretical and practical. The theoretical part is further divided into five main chapters. The first chapter covers the topic of how all students can be included in the elementary education system. The second chapter discusses the key components of how the theory can be implemented and successfully applied to individuals in order to help students achieve their educational goals. The third chapter focuses on topics of special needs education, learning and behavioral disorders. The fourth chapter discusses the necessary role parents and guardians should take in this process. A summary of theoretical part is provided in the fifth chapter. The practical part of the thesis is also divided into four chapters, each of which is numbered and connected to the theoretical part. The sixth chapter defines the objectives of the practical part of my thesis, which are based on various research methods including interviews, surveys and questionnaires. The purpose of the research was to collect firsthand accounts, information and data that would help me analyze the concept of inclusive education and assist...

This thesis is focused on occurrence of specific learning disorders among primary education pupils in the selected basic schools and teachers'work with these pupils. The theoretical part of the thesis aims on delimitation of specific learning disorders; diagnostics; re-education; and potentional learning possibilities. Practical part analyses teachers' preparedness for specific learning disorders in the regions of Hradec Králové and Prague. Data were collected by means of questionnaire method. The thesis' objective is to discover a frequency and type of learning disorders occurring in the selected basic schools; how are teachers prepared for the issue of specific learning disorders among basic school pupils; and what methods are used in education of pupils with learning disorders. Secondary objective is to discover a share of pupils with learning disorders in inspected classrooms. Examined data showed that teachers have necessary professional qualities for education of pupils suffering from learning disabilities.

This thesis deals with the inclusion education of pupils in the conditions of primary school with small classes conditions. There are defined terms as inclusion, integration, assistent teacher, school advisory facilities. The aim of the thesis was to find out how the quality of inclusive education is achieved in conditions of the primary school with small classes conditions. Identify the most common barriers to the implementation of inclusive education to primary school from the point of view of teachers and teacher assistant. Find out which factors have the influence in the inclusion process from point of view of teachers. It has been developed the case study of the student with physical impairment who is study at primary school with small class conditions. Research has shown that the quality of inclusive education at primary school with small class conditions is achieved by creating a stimulating and motivating scope. Emphasis is placed on the individual pace of each pupil. Factors relating to the impact are: Number of pupils in the class, communication between the schools and families of pupils, finance and further education of teachers. Key words: inclusion, integration, teacher asistent, school advisory facilities, legislation, individual education plan.

This thesis deals with the occurrence of scientifically gifted students at Czech schools. The talent affects a person's life fundamentally but also it influences the lives of others people. These gifted and talented people usually become leading scientists and researchers. They can affect important social events significantly during their professional careers. After the family teachers and school are the most important part in development of the child. Therefore teachers should know what specific educational requirements gifted students have. It's necessary to determine the status of teachers. In the theoretical part of the thesis the main aim of the literary review was a theoretical background of the talent, the incidence of gifted pupils at Czech and foreign schools, the work with gifted pupils at foreign schools and educational institutions and associations working with gifted children. In the practical part of the thesis a questionnaire was created and then distributed to teachers of science subjects. The questionnaire has found foreknowledge Czech teachers of the concept of genius and talent. Whether teachers are able to identify gifted pupils in the classroom what forms of work with talented students are used and the questionnaire was evaluated. Proposals and suggestions were created for working with...

Participation of minority parents in the Special Education IEP process continues to be a concern for public school administrators. With the disproportionality of African American males placed in special education and the mandatory involvement requirement in the IEP process, administrators and schools would benefit by understanding the obstacles that prevent the meaningful participation of parents/guardians of African American high school males in the special education IEP process. The purpose of this qualitative study was to analyze the obstacles faced by parents/guardians of African American males, grades 9-12, in the special education Individual Education Plan (IEP) process. This study involved interviewing ten parents/guardians of African American males receiving special education services, attending high schools in Contra Costa and Alameda counties in California. The results found the following themes that prevented the parents/guardians from meaningful participation in the IEP process: (1) Communication between home and school, (2) Knowledge of special education, (3) Parental rights and involvement in the IEP process, and (4) Attitudes of teachers. The strategies there were recommended to increase parental involvement were: (1) Engagement in active listening to parents and guardians at IEP meetings, (2) Changing of IEP meetings to work with parents' work schedules. (3) Improve overall communication with parents and guardians, and (4) Provide special education training for parents and guardians to teach them special education terminology and jargon. Lastly, the study provided various recommendations for further study.

Many educators are experiencing challenges in educating autistic learners, with the media reporting incidents of autistic learners being denied access to their local schools. This case study investigated how effective the TEACCH (Treatment and Education of Autistic and Communication Handicapped Children) model is, in helping autistic learners to learn in an inclusive environment. The data collection instrumentsused included a literature review, questionnaires, interviews and artefacts. The collected data were analysed statistically, and descriptively. It seems as if there is perception that autism is increasing. Teachers need to be taught about full support mechanisms to deal with the challenges of teaching autistic learners. The research revealed that teachers were struggling to implement the TEACCH program owing to a lack of support programs for teachers, as well as a lack of continued use by other teachers. It was revealed that the teachers felt that for intervention programs to be successful, autistic learners should learn separately. / Inclusive Education / M. Ed. (Inclusive Education)

Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur gymnasielärare i ämnet idrott och hälsa uppfattar och resonerar om elever som har åtgärdsprogram eller som riskerar att inte uppnå kunskapskraven. Vidare syftar studien till att belysa vilka diskurser och maktrelationer lärarna är en del av och hur dessa förhåller sig till varandra vid bedömning och betygsättning av dessa elever. För att nå syftet används fyra kvalitativa intervjuer tillsammans med fyra befintliga åtgärdsprogram i ämnet idrott och hälsa. Empirin analyseras sedan med hjälp av diskursanalys samt begreppen makt och kategorisering. Studien visar att lärarna delar in elever som riskerar att inte uppnå kunskapskraven i ett antal olika kategorier: lata och bekväma, rädda, ointresserade, språkliga förbistringar och fysiologiska och eller psykologiska orsaker. Beroende på vilken kategori eleverna anses tillhöra resonerar lärarna olika om hur undervisningen bör bedrivas gällande dessa elever. Genomgående är närvaron av stor betydelse för hur eleverna kategoriseras och därefter behandlas i undervisningen av lärarna. Studien visar även att lärarna inte har all makt när det gäller bedömning och betygsättning av dessa elever. Utan de måste i själva verket förhålla sig till andra diskurser såsom ledningsinflytande, elevinflytande och i viss mån även föräldrainflytande. Dessa tre diskurser befinner sig i kamp med diskursen om lärarinflytande om makten över bedömningen och betygsättningen. / The aim of this study is to investigate how upper secondary teachers in physical education describe and discuss about students with an individual education plan (IEP) or at risk of not achieving the national knowledge requirements. Furthermore, this study aims to illustrate the discourses and power relations teachers are a part of and how these relate to each other in the assessment and grading of these students. The investigation is based on four qualitative interviews plus four existing IEPs which are analyzed with help of discourse analysis and the concepts power and categorization. The investigation shows that the teachers divide the students at risk of not achieving the national knowledge requirements in a variety of categories: lazy and comfortable, afraid, uninterested, language difficulties and physiological and or psychological reasons. The investigation shows that the teacher reasons differently about the education depending on which category the student belongs to. Throughout the investigation the student’s attendance levels are important in relation to how the teachers categorize and thereafter treat the students. The investigation also highlights that the teacher does not have all the power when it comes to the assessment and grading of these students. The teachers have to relate to other discourses like the discourse of management influence, the discourse of student influence and to some extent the discourse of parental influence. These three discourses find themselves in a struggle with the discourse of teacher influence about the power over the assessment and grading.

Since 2006 Swedish compulsory school teachers are required to use individual developmentplans (IDPs) as part of their assessment practices. The IDP has developed through two major reforms and is currently about to undergo a third in which requirements for documentation are to be reduced. The original purpose of IDP was formative: a document containing targets and strategies for the student's future learning was to be drawn up at the parent-pupil-teacher meetingeach semester. The 2008 reform added requirements for written summative assessments/grade-like symbols to be used in the plan. This thesis aims to generate knowledge of the IDP as a tool in terms of what characterizes IDP documents as well as teachers' descriptions of continuous IDP work. It contains four articles. The first two are based on 379 collected IDP documents from all stages of compulsoryschool, and the last two build on interviews with 15 teachers. Throughout, qualitative content analysis has been used for processing data. The analytical framework comprises Latour's conceptual pair inscription – translation, Wartofsky's notions of primary/secondary/tertiary artifacts, and Wertsch's distinction between mastery and appropriation, which together provide an overall framework for understanding how the IDP becomes a contextually shaped tool that mediates teachers' actions in practice. Moreover, the activity theoretical concept of contradictionis used to understand and discuss dilemmas teachers experience in relation to IDP. In article 1, targets and strategies for future learning given to students are investigated and discussed in relation to definitions of formative assessment. Concepts were derived from the data and used for creating a typology of target and strategy types related either to being aspects (students' behavior/attitudes/personalities) or to subject matter learning. In article 2, the distribution of being and learning targets to boys and girls, respectively, is investigated. The results point to a significant gendered difference in the distribution of being targets. Possible reasons for the gendered distribution are discussed from a doing-gender perspective, and the proportion of being targets in IDPs is discussed from an assessment validity point of view. In article 3, teachers' continuous work with IDPs is explored, and it is suggested that IDP work develops in relation to perceived purposes and the contextual conditions framing teachers' work. Three qualitatively different ways of perceiving and working with IDP are described in a typology. Article 4 elaborates on dilemmas that teachers experience in relation to IDP, concerning time, communication, and assessment. A tentative categorization of dilemma management strategies is also presented. Results are synthesized in the final part of the thesis, where the ways in which documents are written and IDP work is carried out are discussed as being shaped in the intersection between rules and guidelines at national, municipal and local school level, and companies creating solutions for IDP documentation. Various purposes are to be achieved with the help of the IDP, which makes it a potential field of tension that is not always easy for teachers to navigate. Several IDP-related difficulties, but also opportunities and affordances, are visualized in the studies of this thesis. / <p>Svensk sammanfattning: s. 111-126.</p>

Many educators are experiencing challenges in educating autistic learners, with the media reporting incidents of autistic learners being denied access to their local schools. This case study investigated how effective the TEACCH (Treatment and Education of Autistic and Communication Handicapped Children) model is, in helping autistic learners to learn in an inclusive environment. The data collection instrumentsused included a literature review, questionnaires, interviews and artefacts. The collected data were analysed statistically, and descriptively. It seems as if there is perception that autism is increasing. Teachers need to be taught about full support mechanisms to deal with the challenges of teaching autistic learners. The research revealed that teachers were struggling to implement the TEACCH program owing to a lack of support programs for teachers, as well as a lack of continued use by other teachers. It was revealed that the teachers felt that for intervention programs to be successful, autistic learners should learn separately. / Inclusive Education / M. Ed. (Inclusive Education)