<p>Motion är viktigt för vår hälsa, men många som börjar motionera slutar inom en snar framtid (Fallon, Hausenblas, & Nigg, 2005). Det är därför viktigt att utveckla strategier som motiverar människor till träning. Visualisering är en teknik som visats ha en motivationshöjande effekt hos motionärer. Kim och Giacobbi (2009) menar dock att det finns ett behov av att skilja på innehåll, syfte och effekter inom motionsvisualiseringen och att ett nytt mätinstrument därför behövs. Syftena med studien var därför att: (1) utveckla och testa mätinstrumentet the Individual Profile of Imagery Experiences in Exercise (IPIEE; Weibull & Johnsson 2010), samt att (2) studera motionärers frivilliga och spontana visualiseringsupplevelser. De teoretiska referensramarna som användes var Den Analytiska Referensramen för Visualiseringsupplevelser (Weibull, 2009) samt An Applied Model of Imagery Use in Exercise (Munroe-Chandler & Gammage, 2005). Resultat visar att IPIEE fungerade väl, att motionärerna använde flest frivilliga visualiseringsmönster för syftet motivation och att flest spontana visualiseringsmönster hade effekt på motivationen. De vanligaste innehållen i visualiseringsmönstren var Träningssituationer följt av Icke träningsrelaterade händelser/situationer. Resultaten diskuteras i relation till teoretiska referensramar samt tidigare forskning.</p> / <p>Exercise is important for our health, but many who start exercise drop out in the near future (Fallon, Hausenblas, & Nigg, 2005). It is therefore important to develop strategies that motivate people to exercise. Imagery has been shown to have a motivating effect on exercisers. Kim and Giacobbi (2009) argue that there is a need to distinguish between content, functions and effects in exercise imagery and that a new instrument therefore is needed. The objectives of this study were therefore to: (1) develop and test the instrument Individual Profile of Imagery Experiences in Exercise (IPIEE; Weibull & Johnsson 2010) and (2) study exercisers’ voluntary and spontaneous imagery experiences. The theoretical frameworks that were used were the Analytic Framework of Imagery Experiences (Weibull, 2009) and An Applied Model of Imagery Use in Exercise (Munroe-Chandler & Gammage, 2005). The result shows that IPIEE worked well, that voluntary imagery was mostly used to increase motivation and the most spontaneous imagery patterns had an effect on motivation. The most common contents were Exercise situations followed by Non-exercise related events/situations. The results are discussed in relation to theoretical frameworks and previous research.</p>

Motion är viktigt för vår hälsa, men många som börjar motionera slutar inom en snar framtid (Fallon, Hausenblas, &amp; Nigg, 2005). Det är därför viktigt att utveckla strategier som motiverar människor till träning. Visualisering är en teknik som visats ha en motivationshöjande effekt hos motionärer. Kim och Giacobbi (2009) menar dock att det finns ett behov av att skilja på innehåll, syfte och effekter inom motionsvisualiseringen och att ett nytt mätinstrument därför behövs. Syftena med studien var därför att: (1) utveckla och testa mätinstrumentet the Individual Profile of Imagery Experiences in Exercise (IPIEE; Weibull &amp; Johnsson 2010), samt att (2) studera motionärers frivilliga och spontana visualiseringsupplevelser. De teoretiska referensramarna som användes var Den Analytiska Referensramen för Visualiseringsupplevelser (Weibull, 2009) samt An Applied Model of Imagery Use in Exercise (Munroe-Chandler &amp; Gammage, 2005). Resultat visar att IPIEE fungerade väl, att motionärerna använde flest frivilliga visualiseringsmönster för syftet motivation och att flest spontana visualiseringsmönster hade effekt på motivationen. De vanligaste innehållen i visualiseringsmönstren var Träningssituationer följt av Icke träningsrelaterade händelser/situationer. Resultaten diskuteras i relation till teoretiska referensramar samt tidigare forskning. / Exercise is important for our health, but many who start exercise drop out in the near future (Fallon, Hausenblas, &amp; Nigg, 2005). It is therefore important to develop strategies that motivate people to exercise. Imagery has been shown to have a motivating effect on exercisers. Kim and Giacobbi (2009) argue that there is a need to distinguish between content, functions and effects in exercise imagery and that a new instrument therefore is needed. The objectives of this study were therefore to: (1) develop and test the instrument Individual Profile of Imagery Experiences in Exercise (IPIEE; Weibull &amp; Johnsson 2010) and (2) study exercisers’ voluntary and spontaneous imagery experiences. The theoretical frameworks that were used were the Analytic Framework of Imagery Experiences (Weibull, 2009) and An Applied Model of Imagery Use in Exercise (Munroe-Chandler &amp; Gammage, 2005). The result shows that IPIEE worked well, that voluntary imagery was mostly used to increase motivation and the most spontaneous imagery patterns had an effect on motivation. The most common contents were Exercise situations followed by Non-exercise related events/situations. The results are discussed in relation to theoretical frameworks and previous research.

The existence of HIV related stigma and discrimination in institutions of learning across the world is well-documented in the literature. It is also well known that factors such as knowledge about stigma and discrimination, fear of infection, social judgment, legal and policy environment act as actionable drivers and facilitators of HIV related stigma and discrimination. However, research works focusing on how various actionable drivers and facilitators are related to different forms of HIV related stigma and discrimination at universities in Nigeria are scanty. The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the individual correlates of HIV-related stigma among undergraduate students at a public university in Nigeria. Methods: Quantitative cross-sectional descriptive design was used. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Research Ethics Committee of the University of South Africa. Permission to access the participants was obtained. The study was conducted at Ambrose Alli University which has a population of over 20,000 students. Informed consent was obtained from the participants. Simple random sampling was used to select 404 participants who were handed self-administered questionnaire. Collected data was analysed using All Pearson Chi-square test and Fishers Exact Test (p<0.05). Validity and reliability were also considered. A total of 391 questionnaires (97%) were returned and considered for analysis. Descriptive summary statistics and cross tabulations were used to analyse The results showed that a high proportion of undergraduate students still have stigmatising behaviours toward people living with HIV. These stigmatising behaviours are associated with certain individual characteristics. Recommendation: There is an urgent need for political leaders and heads of universities to implement policies and programmes that will enhance knowledge regarding HIV AND AIDS and thereby reduce stigmatizing attitudes among undergraduate students. / Health Studies / M.P.H.