Univ., Diss.--Augsburg, 2003.

PETR POLA : PROLEGOMENA TO PROBLEMATICS OF SOLITUDE Dissertation abstract The aim of the dissertation entitled Prolegomena to Problematics of Solitude is to introduce solitude as an existential characteristic, explore ways of its surpassing and articulate its relationship to experience of art. The issue of solitude represents for us a possible way to understand modern existence. First we examine the problem of solitude as an problem of isolated existence and formulate the question of its origin. The resolution of existential loneliness and solitude of being come to grasp the possibility of a relationship between isolation and solitude of being as sovereignty of being. Existential solitude means to effacer the relation of one who exists to oneself, which is a precondition for its existence. Finally we formulate a relationship between existential solitude and essential solitude, which is the paradigm for the experience of art especially for M. Blanchot. Deepening the problematics of existential solitude also enables to formulate the basis for discussions on the concept of subjectivity, which recently been revived.

The aim is to present specific methodology of the austrian school with laying stress on prerequisits which determine its understanding of phenomena.

Das Thema dieser Dissertation ist die Anwendung des „Matching Law” als Verhaltensannahme bei der Erklärung sozialer Phänomene. Das „Matching Law” ist ein Modell der behavioristischen Lerntheorie und sagt aus, dass die relative Häufigkeit der Wahl einer Handlung mit der relativen Häufigkeit der Belohnung dieser Handlung übereinstimmt. In der Dissertation werden verschiedene Probleme in Bezug auf die soziologische Anwendung des „Matching Law” erörtert. Aufbauend auf diesen Erkenntnissen wird das Entsprechungsgesetz in die ökonomische Entscheidungstheorie integriert und mit bestehenden Verhaltensprognosen theoretisch verglichen. Anschließend wird das Entsprechungsgesetz auf mehrere soziale Situationen angewandt. Dabei kommt ein Lernmodell zum Einsatz, welches als „Melioration Learning” bezeichnet wird und unter bestimmten Bedingungen zum Entsprechungsgesetz führt. Mit Hilfe dieses Lernmodells und agentenbasierter Simulationen werden Hypothesen zu sozialem Verhalten hergeleitet. Zunächst werden einfache Situationen mit nur zwei interagierenden Akteuren betrachtet. Dabei lassen sich durch das Entsprechungsgesetz einige Lösungskonzepte der Spieltheorie replizieren, obwohl weniger Annahmen bezüglich der kognitiven Fähigkeiten der Akteure und der verfügbaren Informationen gesetzt werden. Außerdem werden Interaktionen zwischen beliebig vielen Akteuren untersucht. Erstens lässt sich die Entstehung sozialer Konventionen über das Entsprechungsgesetz erklären. Zweitens wird dargestellt, dass die Akteure lernen, in einem Freiwilligendilemma oder einem Mehrpersonen-Gefangenendilemma zu kooperieren.

The dissertation thesis focuses on the topic of individualism and non-clinical narcissism. The issue is seen first in the broad context of social sciences and also the results of empirical researches published hitherto are summarized in the first part. Subsequently, based on three questionnaire surveys (two of them have representative character), is researched the incidence of individualism and non-clinical narcissism in the Czech population as well as the interaction between these two phenomena. For the purposes of measuring of their incidence we adopted the scale of individualism and collectivism (INDCOL) and constructed our own valid instrument for measuring non-clinical narcissism. In the text there is also described the process of construction and application of these two instruments. The thesis pursues also wider consequences of non-clinical narcissism, emphasizing one's self-conception, sexual life, partner and other interpersonal relationships, professional life and occurrence of social-pathological behaviour.

in English This work focuses on the Czech afterwar avant-garde and its fiction in the wider European context. The main goal of our writing was diversifying literary historical field by integrating genre of short story and its authors into the interpretive frame of the prepoetistic avant-garde. We could intrude a canonic picture of the Czech avant-garde by enriching the interpretive frame of the new genre (short story) and new, often hardly known or forgotten, writers. Last but not least by doing so we were able to questioned and problematized basic oppositions such as expressionism × avant-garde, and mainly individualism × collectivism. We introduce the principal opposition individualism × collectivism, which in our opinion, organizes afterwar literary discourse, as a main connecting line between Czech avant-garde art and European art (collective and one of its manifestation - crowd, as one of the main themes of modernism and avant-garde). We interpretate beyond this scope the fictions of French unanimism as the main inspiration of the Czech afterwar avan-garde and its (collective) fiction as well.

In my master thesis I deal the with specific creation of communities on the Internet. The aim of this essay is to contribute to the debate about the problematics of the Internet and its role in the postmodern society. The basic idea is that the physical and virtual world leads to formation of communities. I believe that association with communities can be considered as a natural human phenomenon. Internet is perceived as a space, which provides the opportunity for its users to organize themselves into virtual communities. The question is if the creation of virtual communities is the goal of postmodern society. On the one hand Internet can be seen as a space of strengthening personal individuality, because of freedom and authonomy it provides. But on the other hand communities could place demands on their members, thereby they represent certain limitation of thein member's individuality. In this thesis I verify the hypothesis that the Internet is a space that leads to formation of virtual communities at the expense of developing one's own individuality.

UNIVERZITA KARLOVA V PRAZE HUSITSKÁ TEOLOGICKÁ FAKULTA Recepce Rudolfa Christopha Euckena v díle Karla Statečného Reception Rudolf Christoph Eucken in the work of Karel Statečný Diplomová práce doc. ThDr. Jiří Vogel, Th.D. Bc. Marie Jandásková Praha 2016 Děkuji vedoucímu práce docentu ThDr. Jiřímu Vogelovi, Th.D. za milý, věcný a povzbudivý přístup. Taktéž děkuji všem blízkým za trpělivost, podporu a neztrácení nadhledu. Prohlašuji, že jsem vypracovala práci samostatně, všechny použité prameny a literatura byly řádně citovány. Práci jsem nepoužila k získání žádného jiného, ani stejného titulu. V Praze, dne Marie Jandásková ANOTACE Práce představuje v České republice málo známého německého filosofa Rudolfa Christopha Euckena. Kučera je přesvědčen, že jeho práce inspirovala v první generaci církve československé husitské teologa Karla Statečného, jako příklad inspirace uvádí Kučera prvky blízké personalismu. Práce pracuje s tímto předpokladem a hledá další souvislosti mezi dílem německého filosofa a českého teologa. KLÍČOVÁ SLOVA Eucken, Statečný, život, smysl, hodnota, dějiny, pozitivismus, moderní život, osoba, personalismus, sociální hnutí, socialismus, individualismus, etika, morální teologie, náboženství, filosofie ANNOTATION The work represents the Czech Republic in the littleknown German philosopher...

In vielen Entwicklungsländern findet Wertschöpfungskettenansatz (WSK-Ansatz) verbreitete Anwendung zur Wirtschaftsförderung von Kleinst-, Klein-, und Mittelunternehmen sowie ländlichen Produzenten. Viele Studien belegten, dass WSK-Upgrading von der vorherrschenden WSK-Governance stark abhängt. Jedoch beschränkten sich Diskussionen über WSK-Governance bisher auf Themen wie Koordinierung, Regulierung, Technologie, und Macht. Soziokulturelle Aspekte, die auf das individuelles Verhalten starke Einflüsse ausüben, wurde en passant erwähnt bzw. vollständig ignoriert. Aus diesem Grunde erweitert diese Studie das Governancekonzept durch die Einbeziehung institutioneller Perspektive, die regulative, normative, und kulturell-kognitive Elemente beinhaltet. Diese Erweiterung wird in den Fallstudien von Milch-WSK in Indonesien angewendet. Dabei wird die WSK mit erfolgreichen und erfolglosen Upgradingsresultaten verglichen. Mit einer explorativen Vorgehensweise werden Daten durch Beobachtungen, Interviews sowie den eigenen praktischen Erfahrungen in einem WSK-Förderungsprojekt gesammelt. Die Kausalität zwischen WSK-Governance und –Upgrading wird anhand der qualitativen Herangehensweise des Makro-Mikro-Modells erklärt. Dabei werden die Role von WSK-Operatoren, ihre Wahrnemung, und ihr Entscheidungsverhalten in dem Upgradingsprozess akzentuiert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen dass Regulierung und ihre effektive Durchsetzung von entscheidender Bedeutung sind. Paralel dazu haben aber gesellschaftliche Beziehungen, Werte, und Normen sowie Orientierung und Gewohnheit besonders starke Einflussnahme auf das individuelle Verhalten und somit die Interdependenz zwischen WSK-Operatoren. Deswegen sollen weitere Studien in ähnlichem Kontext, nämlich im ländlichen Raum wo soziokulturelle Aspekte von größerem Belang sind, das erweiterte Governancekonzept in die WSK-Analyse integrieren, um verbesserte Erklärung, Voraussage, und technische Empfehlung über die Förderung der Upgradingsprozesse zu generieren. / Value Chain (VC) approach has been widely applied in developing countries to promote economic growth particularly of micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) and rural producers. Many cases have shown that VC upgrading is strongly determined by the prevailing governance structure. However, hitherto the discussion on VC governance has been limited mainly on coordination, regulation, technology, and power; whereas socio-cultural aspects, albeit influential in determining individual behaviour, are mentioned en passant or totally neglected. Thus, this study calls for the extension of governance concept by introducing a wider institutional perspective incorporating regulative, normative, and cultural-cognitive elements to portray a more realistic picture of the interaction between VC operators. Then, it applies the extended concept in case studies of dairy VCs in Indonesia, comparing the governance of successful and unsuccessful upgrading cases. Using an exploratory procedure, data were collected from observations, interviews, and author’s own experiences involved in a practical VC promotion project. The causalities between VC governance and upgrading are explained using the qualitative approach of Macro-Micro Model to accentuate the role of VC operators, their perception, and selected action in the upgrading processes. The results show that regulations and their effective enforcement are necessary; but also social relations, values, and norms, as well as orientation, common practices, and habit exert strong influences on determining the behaviour of and thus the interdependency between VC operators. Hence, further VC re-searches in similar context, i.e. rural areas where socio-cultural aspects are more influential, are to systematically integrate the extended concept of governance into the analysis in order to generate explanation, prediction, and technical recommendation on the facilitation of upgrading processes.

The present thesis explores how answering questions on values in surveys could be influenced. Findings about cognitive processes occurring in general during answering questions, as well as factors that may influence the given answers are presented in the first part of the theoretical section. Afterwards, Schwartz's circular model of values is presented together with the instruments he developed to measure their importance. At the end of the theoretical section, the results of existing studies on the possibilities of influencing values are described. A series of three experimental online studies, involving nearly 600 respondents, builds on the findings presented in the theoretical section. The experiments examine the malleability of individualistic and collectivistic values based on induced changes in regulatory focus and self-construal of participants. In the first of the studies, the given values were affected by the content of previous questions, but this effect was in the opposite direction than originally anticipated. In the next two studies, the experimental manipulation did not lead to significant differences between groups. Causes of the results, limits of the conducted studies and prospects for future research are discussed in the last sections of the thesis.