The main motivation for this work was to show that economy cannot be explained just by economy. Many other sciences are essential for understanding economic processes and models of behavior. This paper presents the proven relations between the philosophy, economics and psychology. The study of different economic concepts requires development of an extensive network of connections between humans on the one side, and their social needs and behavior on the other side. The starting point is the return in the time of Ancient Greeks, with whose theoretical approaches can be explained the majority of person's actions. This paper uses theoretical analyses to assess the impact of the "passions and interests", hedonic happiness and stoic self-interest on the economic policy and individuals. Through the gently presented forms of hedonism, this work deals with different theories such as theory of modern consumerism, marginal utilitarianism, preference theory, theory of rational allocation. The data gathered in the form of publication analysis, little psychological experiments and real life examples serve to test the hypothesis of the direct relationship between hedonistic impacts on economic theory. The two research questions are dealing with mastery of passions and interest in the economic behavior as well as with the...

Background: Due to the spread of COVID-19, there has been an acceleration in the digitalization which has impacted the working life of many individuals. People have been forced to work remotely and on a daily basis use more advanced digital tools, resulting in an enormous change in the work environment. These major changes in the work environments have affected people working in product and service development firms in various ways. With the main existing literature focusing on the organizational level, a gap in literature was identified on how an accelerated digitalization impacts the individuals working in companies.  Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate how the accelerated digitalization due to COVID-19 has impacted people working in service or product development firms in regard to their innovative and creative working abilities.  Method: A qualitative method with an inductive approach was conducted using semi-structured interviews with ten relevant participants who are working in product or service development firms across Sweden.  Conclusion: The findings suggest that individuals working in product or service developing firms have slightly similar drivers of both innovation and creativity. The analyzation of the findings conveyed that an accelerated digitalization seemed to have a more positive impact on both workers’ attitude towards digitalization and innovative and creative working abilities. Whereas an accelerated digitalization due to COVID-19, was established to have a more negative effect on creativity but not on innovation. Moreover, the findings are synchronized into a framework portraying in detail how the innovative and creative abilities of individuals working in product and/or service developing firms have been impacted by an accelerated digitalization due to COVID-19, and how the key elements has been affected.

The purpose of this study was to examine whether cognitive-behavioral therapy could be effective in alleviating depression in mildly mentally retarded or borderline intelligence individuals. It was hoped this would prove to be a viable alternative or adjunct to medical interventions in treating depression with this population. Subjects participated in one of two cognitive-behavioral groups for 12 weeks. Two other treatments (two exercise and two structured, talk-oriented groups) served as control groups; these group members had the same daily routine as individuals in the treatment group. Control group subjects were also administered the same pre- and post-test. Seventy-three subjects were referred to participate, all on a volunteer basis. Subjects resided at the Stockton Developmental Center. All subjects were at the Center involuntarily, with 39 percent committed to the Center due to penal code violations. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was used as a pre-screening device, and subjects scoring in the clinical ranges of depression on the BDI were included in the study. Fifty-eight subjects met pre-screening criteria and were included. Based on BDI scores, subjects were assigned to one of three ranges of depression specified for the BDI. Subjects in each range were then matched on BDI scores and randomly assigned to the treatment groups. The pre- and post-test measure was the Emotional Problems Scales, which include both a personality inventory with questions answered by each individual and a behavior rating scale answered by the individual's primary counselor. Scores on depression and related scales were examined through the multivariate analysis of variance procedure. Forty-nine subjects were included in the final statistical analysis. There was no significant finding across groups for a decrease in depression or for other variables. No treatment proved more effective than any other. An examination of subject characteristics for those demonstrating the highest levels of improvement following treatment found that subjects with scores initially in the extremely severe range on depression were most likely to evidence change in a positive direction. Those who demonstrated improvement in the cognitive-behavioral groups tended to have IQ's over 62.

Stigma has a negative effect on individuals, which may include psychological distress, anxiety, and social isolation (Pachankis, 2007). Stigma can be either concealable or visible. A concealable stigma is an attribute that is not visibly apparent, but would be devalued if known by others (e.g., sexual orientation, Page 30 2014 Appalachian Student Research Forum mental illness, sexual abuse). Some believe that individuals with a concealable stigma do not face prejudice and discrimination because the stigma is not apparent to others. However, research suggests that those with a concealable stigma may feel the constant need to hide that identity or characteristic, and this may increase distress and anxiety due to the threat of discovery (Pachankis, 2007). We hypothesized that individuals with a concealable stigma will have higher levels of stigma, rejection sensitivity, distress, and anxiety as well as lower levels of self-esteem, relative to those individuals with a visible stigma. The current sample was taken from a larger study (N=408) and consist of participants (n=70) who selfidentified a stigmatizing characteristic. The self-reported characteristics were independently coded by two research assistants as concealable or visible and finally, the assistants collectively assigned the characteristics to each group. Our sample consists of 35.7% concealable (e.g., sexuality, mental illness, history of abuse) and 64.3% visible (e.g., physical appearance, physical disability, race/ethnicity). To test our hypotheses, we used an independent t test to assess the differences in levels of stigma, self-esteem, distress, anxiety, and rejection sensitivity between concealable and visible stigma groups. Results show that self-stigma (t(68)=-.798, p=.428), public stigma (t(68)=-.149, p=.882), and self-esteem (t(68)=-1.320, p=.191) do not differ between groups. By contrast, and in support of our hypotheses, those with concealable stigma reported more rejection sensitivity (t(68)=2.315, p=.024) and anxiety (t(68)=3.030, p=.003) than those with visible stigma. Contrary to our hypotheses, distress (t(68)=-2.599, p=.011) was higher for those with visible stigma than concealable stigma. Future research should be conducted to examine levels of anxiety and rejection sensitivity in individuals with concealable stigma to understand the differences among stigmatized identities and characteristics.

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This master's thesis, which is entitled "Evaluation of the barrierlessness of public buildings in terms of the evacuation of disabled persons in the cadastre of the City of Pilsen" is divided into two main sections - theoretical and practical. The theoretical section defines basic terms regarding the evacuation of individuals in general, the divisions of evacuation, divisions and characteristics of physically disabled persons and the risks involved in the evacuation of these individuals. Furthermore, it deals with the inclusion of evacuation and barrierlessness in Czech laws. This thesis also deals with the evacuation of public buildings including the time needed for evacuating individuals, the technical means for evacuation, and both static technical and mobile means. Fire-fighting technology for the evacuation of individuals is also mentioned. In order to gather data for the practical section, qualitative research was carried out in the form of structured interviews and tours of selected public buildings. Questions in the interviews were focused on the evacuation of individuals in general and ensuring preparedness for evacuating disabled individuals from the public building in question. The first goal of the thesis was to assess the preparedness of selected public buildings for evacuating disabled individuals in the cadastre of the City of Pilsen. Results show that selected public buildings are prepared for evacuation, but carrying out such an evacuation, including the evacuation of disabled individuals, is often dealt with in an unsatisfactory manner. The second goal was to propose measures or changes for the improvement of the present state of affairs. These propositions were processed based on results gathered from interviews and visits to public buildings. A total of ten buildings that expressed interest in this issue were incorporated into the research. The value of this thesis lies primarily in the effort to make the issue of evacuating disabled persons more visible. In the future, the thesis may be useful for comparing changes in preparedness for evacuating disabled individuals. At the same time, it may also be used as a source of information on the given issue and on evacuation as such.

This master's thesis, which is entitled "Evaluation of the barrierlessness of public buildings in terms of the evacuation of disabled persons in the cadastre of the City of Pilsen" is divided into two main sections - theoretical and practical. The theoretical section defines basic terms regarding the evacuation of individuals in general, the divisions of evacuation, divisions and characteristics of physically disabled persons and the risks involved in the evacuation of these individuals. Furthermore, it deals with the inclusion of evacuation and barrierlessness in Czech laws. This thesis also deals with the evacuation of public buildings including the time needed for evacuating individuals, the technical means for evacuation, and both static technical and mobile means. Fire-fighting technology for the evacuation of individuals is also mentioned. In order to gather data for the practical section, qualitative research was carried out in the form of structured interviews and tours of selected public buildings. Questions in the interviews were focused on the evacuation of individuals in general and ensuring preparedness for evacuating disabled individuals from the public building in question. The first goal of the thesis was to assess the preparedness of selected public buildings for evacuating disabled individuals in the cadastre of the City of Pilsen. Results show that selected public buildings are prepared for evacuation, but carrying out such an evacuation, including the evacuation of disabled individuals, is often dealt with in an unsatisfactory manner. The second goal was to propose measures or changes for the improvement of the present state of affairs. These propositions were processed based on results gathered from interviews and visits to public buildings. A total of ten buildings that expressed interest in this issue were incorporated into the research. The value of this thesis lies primarily in the effort to make the issue of evacuating disabled persons more visible. In the future, the thesis may be useful for comparing changes in preparedness for evacuating disabled individuals. At the same time, it may also be used as a source of information on the given issue and on evacuation as such.

The major aims of the present study have been to investigate the predictive role of communication patterns and sexual satisfaction on relationship satisfaction / and to investigate the moderating role of sexual satisfaction on this relationship for married individuals both with and without children and for cohabiting individuals. In order to evaluate these, the Communication Pattern Questionnaire (CPQ), the Golombok-Rust Sexual Satisfaction Inventory (GRISS), the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS), and Demographic Information Form were administered to 74 married individuals with children, 68 married individuals without children, and 66 cohabiting individuals. To examine relationship statuses differences on communication patterns, sexual and relationship satisfaction, analysis of variance was performed. The results showed that relationship statuses do not differ on these variables. After controlling for the effects of age and duration of relationship, the main and interaction effects of communication patterns and sexual satisfaction on relationship satisfaction were assessed with a hierarchical regression analysis. The results revealed that a lower level of destructive communication, a higher level of constructive communication, and sexual satisfaction were separately associated with greater relationship satisfaction for all relationship status. However, emotional-logical communication was positively associated with relationship satisfaction only among married individuals with children and that aggressive communication was negatively associated with relationship satisfaction among married individuals without children and cohabiting individuals. Moreover, the interaction effect was found that sexual satisfaction moderated the effect of destructive communication on relationship satisfaction only among married individuals without children. Results are discussed with reference to related literature together with implications and the limitations of the study.

Mokesčių administratorius, rinkdamas mokesčius, gana dažnais susiduria su pajamų slėpimu, kuris pasireiškia darbo užmokesčio mokėjimu „vokeliuose“, apsimestinių sandorių sudarymu ir vykdomos ekonominės veiklos slėpimu ir pan. Kovojant su šiuo reiškiniu, sukurta teisinė bazė, numatanti priemonės ir būdus (šaltinius), kurie padeda mokesčių administratoriui nustatyti realias gyventojų pajamas. Tačiau, ar ta teisinė bazė yra pakankama ir ar mokesčių administratorius turi užtektinai priemonių ir būdų (šaltinių), autorė ir bando atskleisti savo magistro darbe. Autorė magistro darbe daugiausia remiasi Lietuvos Respublikos teisės aktais ir tik fragmentiškai vadovaujasi ES teisės aktais, teismų praktika ir negausia moksline literatūra. Temos analizė plėtojama sisteminės analizės, lingvistinio, apibendrinimo ir teisinių dokumentų analizės metodų pagalba. Šiame magistro baigiamajame darbe nagrinėjami duomenų gavimo apie gyventojų pajamas ir išlaidas teisiniai pagrindai, duomenų šaltiniai, pateikiami mokesčių administratoriaus gaunami duomenys apie gyventojų pajamas ir išlaidas, aptariamas duomenų apie gyventojų išlaidas reikšmingumas gyventojų pajamų nustatymui. Be to, analizuojami Lietuvos Respublikos Seimo nario Jono Rimanto Dagio pateiktų Lietuvos Respublikos gyventojų turto deklaravimo įstatymo pakeitimo įstatymo projektų, kuriais jis siūlo įvesti visuotinį turto deklaravimą, ir Lietuvos Respublikos Seimo nario Jurgio Razmos pasiūlymo įvesti visuotinį turto, pajamų ir išlaidų... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Tax administrator while gathering taxes quite often faces undeclared income. Sometimes the remuneration is paid illegally in “envelopes”, artificial transactions are concluded, economical activity is hided and etc. In order to control such abuses the legal base, which settles measures and methods (data) for tax administrator determine real income of individual, is created. However, there still is a doubt, if this legal base is effective enough and does tax administrator have enough measures and methods (data) to control income of individuals. Thus these questions are being tried to disclose by the author in the final master‘s work. The author in the final master‘s work mostly refers to the legal acts of Republic of Lithuania and only in fragmentary way follows the legal acts of European Union, case law and scanty scientific literature. The analysis of the theme is developed by systematic analysis, linguistic, conclusion and analysis of the legal documents methods. In this final master‘s work the legal bases of receiving individuals‘ income and expenses data, the sources of data are analysed, individuals‘ income and expenses data, received by tax administrator is presented. The importance of the individuals‘ expenses data in case to determine individuals‘ income is discussed in this final master‘s work as well. Furthermore, the advantages and disadvantages of the Drafts of Amendment of the Law on Individuals‘ Property Declaration, submitted by member of Parliament of... [to full text]