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Localização de centros de distribuição de carga: contribuições à modelagem matemática. / Distribution centers location: contributions to the mathematical modeling.Vallim Filho, Arnaldo Rabello de Aguiar 10 September 2004 (has links)
A localização de instalações está entre as mais importantes decisões logísticas. A questão é tratada, em geral, por técnicas de Pesquisa Operacional, principalmente a programação linear inteira mista, cuja modelagem tem aspectos que podem ser aprimorados. Esta tese apresenta uma proposta metodológica subdividindo o problema em duas fases, visando localizar centros de distribuição de carga (CDs). A Fase 1 define as localizações ótimas dos CDs, iniciando com uma agregação de nós de demanda em clusters através de uma heurística, complementada pela metaheurística simulated annealing (SA). Em seguida, buscam-se, em cada cluster, os melhores locais candidatos. Entre estes candidatos definem-se as localizações ótimas, através de um modelo de programação linear inteira mista ou por SA. Foi conduzido um experimento controlado, com solução ótima conhecida, tendo coincidido em vários casos com a solução obtida através da metodologia proposta. A Fase 2 define a quantidade ótima de CDs, modelando os custos de estoque, armazenagem e vendas perdidas, não considerados na primeira fase. Estes modelos exógenos ao modelo de otimização da primeira fase podem trabalhar sem a restrição de linearidade, trazendo assim, maior realismo a modelagem. Ao final consolida-se o conjunto de custos logísticos (Fases 1 e 2) de forma a se identificar a quantidade de CDs que conduz ao mínimo custo total. A metodologia foi aplicada a um caso real com mais de duzentos pontos de demanda distribuídos sobre os três estados da região sul do país. Os resultados mostraram a aplicabilidade da abordagem proposta. / The facility location is one of the most important logistic decisions. The problem is usually handled through the use of operations research techniques, mainly with the use of mixed integer linear programming (MILP), which modeling process can be improved in some of its aspects. This thesis presents a methodological proposal subdividing the problem in two stages, in order to locate distribution centers (DCs). Stage 1 identifies the optimal DC locations, starting with a heuristics, complemented by the metaheuristic simulated annealing (SA), to cluster the demand nodes. Next, the heuristics searches for best DCs candidates in each cluster. Among these best candidates are defined the optimal locations, with the use of a MILP model or through the use of SA. In order to validate the methodology, it was conducted a controlled experiment, with a known optimal solution, having matched in many cases with the solutions obtained through the proposed approach. Stage 2 defines the optimal DC number, modeling the costs of inventory, storage and lost sales, which were not considered in the first stage. These models, exogenous to the Stage 1 optimization model, could represent the costs behavior without the linear restriction, bringing more realism to the modeling process. Finally, the whole set of logistic costs (Stages 1 and 2) is combined in order to identify the DC quantity with minimal total cost. The methodology was applied to a real world problem encompassing more than two hundred demand points spread over the three states of the southern Brazilian region. The results have shown the applicability of the proposed approach.
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Surveying Industrial Clusters: A comprehensive Bibliometric AccountCruz, Sara Cristina Santos 19 February 2008 (has links)
Economia / Master in Economics / Num mundo onde o paradigma da globalização se tornou uma realidade inquestionável, a dimensão `local tem ganho particular interesse como objecto de análise. Isto decorre do facto de os principais factores de competitividade global se encontrarem profundamente enraizados a um nível local. Neste contexto, os clusters, como entidades geográficas e sócio-relacionais, com um percurso evolutivo específico, uma identidade institucional e dinâmicas locais de conhecimento, tornaram-se elementos cruciais no desenvolvimento das regiões, assumindo um papel significativo nas políticas públicas. Apesar da sua importância crescente, o conceito de cluster tem sido alvo de uma aplicação discricionária, em termos do seu sentido e definição. Tendo em conta a evolução histórica deste conceito, tornou-se, então, necessário encontrar uma forma de organizar a literatura existente, numa tentativa de harmonizar esta multiplicidade de interpretações e significados.
Esta dissertação tem por objectivo sistematizar o actual corpo de abordagens teóricas e estudos empíricos sobre clusters através de uma revisão aprofundada da literatura, complementada com um estudo bibliométrico, realizado com base em artigos publicados em jornais indexados nas bases de dados bibliográficas Econlit e EBSCO, no período de 1962 a 2007.
Os principais resultados deste trabalho de investigação indicam que, para além da sua importância académica, o papel dos clusters tem também sido amplamente reconhecido no domínio político. Por outro lado, o interesse crescente na dimensão `local tem sido acompanhado por um emergente corpo de literatura sobre `globalização, redes globais e clusters . Além disso, por detrás do recente boom na literatura sobre clusters, está a importância de temas como as `abordagens sociais e baseadas nas `networks de contactos ou redes locais dos clusters, bem como as teorias baseadas no conhecimento. Estudos sobre sistemas regionais e nacionais de inovação e abordagens institucionais (relativas a culturas, governação e costumes locais das regiões) alcançaram particular importância a partir da década de 1990. Isto reflecte claramente as mais recentes tendências da literatura sobre clusters, que têm dado especial enfoque a factores sistémicos e institucionais . Finalmente, não obstante a correlação positiva entre a qualidade das publicações e a investigação formal e experimental, a evolução da literatura sobre clusters continua a ser maioritariamente apreciativa e descritiva. / As the global paradigm became an accepted reality, the local dimension has gained particular interest as an object of analysis. This is because key factors of global competitiveness have become deeply rooted at a local level. In this context, clusters, as geographical and socio-relational entities with a specific evolutionary path, institutional embeddedness and local knowledge dynamics, have become crucial elements in regional development, assuming a significant role in public policies. Despite its growing importance, the concept of cluster has been subject to a rather discretionary use in terms of interpretation and meaning. Since the multiplicity of definitions has flourished with the historical evolution of the cluster concept, it became necessary to find a way to organize the existing literature, in an attempt to overcome this multitude of notions and meanings.
This dissertation aims to systematize the existing corpus of theoretical approaches and empirical studies on clusters by carrying out a thorough, qualitative survey of the cluster literature, complemented with a comprehensive bibliometric account, based on articles published in journals indexed in the Econlit and EBSCO bibliographic databases, from 1962 to 2007.
The main outcomes of this research show that besides their importance in academic fields, the role of clusters has also been widely acknowledged in political spheres. Along with an increasing interest in the `local dimension, an emergent corpus of literature on global networks and clusters has also arisen. Moreover, behind the recent boom in the cluster literature is the influence of the prominent themes `local networks and social approaches and `knowledge-based theories . Studies on `regional and national innovation systems and `institutional approaches (mostly concerned with enrooted local cultures, governance and customs) have been achieving a particular importance since the 1990s. This clearly reflects the most recent trends in the cluster literature, which focus particularly on `systemic and `institutional factors. Finally, despite the positive correlation between the `quality of journals and related formal research, the evolution of the literature on clusters continues to be mostly appreciative-led.
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Placing China's state-owned enterprises firm, region and the geography of production /Hu, Zhiyong, Fox. January 2007 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hong Kong, 2007. / Title proper from title frame. Also available in printed format.
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Essays on the implications of firm behaviors in learning, locating, and advertisingPalangkaraya, Alfons 21 July 2003 (has links)
This dissertation addresses three topics on the implications of firm behaviors
in creating and adopting knowledge of production, choosing international location
for production and market access, and using informative advertising in a market
competition with multidimensional product characteristics. The first study
investigates the empirical evidence of local knowledge spillovers in Indonesian
medium and large manufacturing industry. The second study looks at the link
between the patterns of trade revealed comparative advantage and net inward foreign
direct investment in five developed countries: France, Italy, Japan, the United
Kingdom, and the United States. The third study seeks to determine the effects of
informative advertising in a market with two-dimensional, vertically differentiated
products.
The results of the first study show that the extent of knowledge spillovers
depends on both geographical and technological proximities. In addition, the extent
of knowledge spillovers seems to depend on sector-specific characteristics and the
presence of foreign investment. The results of the second study reveal a significant
role of comparative advantage in determining inflows of foreign direct investment in
developed countries, especially in the services industry. Finally, the results of the
third study show that with informative advertising, the firm with the 'better' product
will charge a higher market, have a larger market share, and advertise more. In
addition, even when advertising leads to higher market prices, the full-prices that the
consumers must pay are still lower than in the case of no advertising. / Graduation date: 2004
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Business location decisions a review of the literature and a case study of Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania /Hallick, Brian K. January 1997 (has links)
Thesis (M.P.A.)--Kutztown University of Pennsylvania, 1997. / Abstract precedes thesis as preliminary leaves [1]. Typescript. Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 45-06, page: 2943. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 81-85).
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An analysis of lease-enforcement policies in Hong Kong /Wong, Chee-ming, Daniel. January 1986 (has links)
Thesis (M. Soc. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1986.
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The development impact of South Africa's industrial location policies : an unforeseen legacy /Platzky, Laurine. January 1900 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Institute of Social Studies (Netherlands). / Includes bibliographical references (p. 331-350).
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Explaining industrial clustering : performativity and the case of a Polish aerospace clusterLoh, Benjamin Chen-Han January 2012 (has links)
No description available.
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Planning implications for the change in the use of industrial space from formerly large scale industry into smaller units of light and service industries.Futwa, Zanoxolo Leonard. January 1998 (has links)
No abstract available. / Thesis (M.T.R.P.)-University of Natal, 1998.
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Service considerations and the design of strategic distribution systemsCole, Michael H. 08 1900 (has links)
No description available.
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