No description available.

Distribuições angulares associadas ao espalhamento inelástico de dêuterons de 13,0 MeV em ANTPOT. 104,106,108,110. Pd foram obtidas utilizando o sistemas Pelletron-Espectrógrafo Magnético Enge com detecção em placas de emulsão nuclear no plano focal. A Análise da Interferência Nuclear Coulombiana (INC) associada ao espalhamento inelástico com dêuterons, projéteis que interagem isoescalarmente com o núcleo, na excitação do primeiro estado quadrupolar, foi realizada na descrição DWBA-DOMP utilizando potenciais ópticos globais. O ajuste das previsões sobre as distribuições angulares experimentais foi realizado pela minimização do X POT. 2 através do método interativo de Gauss, permitindo a extração dos parâmetros correlacionados: delta POT. N IND. 2, comprimento de deformação de carga nuclear e C= delta POT. N IND. 2/delta POT. N IND. 2, razão entre os comprimentos de deformação de carga e nuclear. Testes estatísticos através da simulação de Monte Carlo de 5000 novos conjuntos de dados comprovaram a qualidade da metodologia aplicada. Os valores extraídos da probabilidade reduzida de transição isoescalar B (IS2) e da razão B(E2)/B(IS2) no presente trabalho são inéditos e permitem uma análise da evolução da coletividade ao longo da cadeia de Pd. Os resultados obtidos indicam para o ANTPOT. 106 Pd e ANTPOT. 110 Pd deformações de carga e massa iguais, conforme usualmente proposto, ao contrário dos 104, 108Pd, onde existem indícios de uma maior contribuição dos prótons em relação aos nêutrons. Comparando os núcleos estudados no presente com resultados de medidas de INC em espalhamentos inelásticos com projéteis de características isoescalares, na região de A 100 medidos em São Paulo, considerando os isótonos medidos, o ANTPOT. 104 Pd, da mesma maneira que seu isótono ANTPOT. 102 Ru, apresenta na primeira excitação quadrupolar uma maior contribuição de prótons em relação aos nêutrons. ) O ANTPOT. 106 Pd entretanto revela uma possível diluição desse comportamento não homogêneo, em contraste com o seu isótono ANTPOT. 104 Ru para o qual salienta-se uma maior contribuição dos prótons. Acompanhando a evolução dos valores experimentais da razão B(E2)/B(IS2) , verifica-se que para os isótopos pares de Ru há um crescimento quando N aumenta, enquanto o comportamento é diferenciado para os isótopos pares de Pd. Os valores da razão B(E2)/B(IS2) variam de cerca de 1,1 e POT. 2(ANTPOT. 106,110 Pd e ANTPOT. 100 Ru), a e POT. 2 para o modelo coletivo homogêneo. Dentro deste contexto conclui-se que os nêutrons devem ser responsáveis por alguns efeitos importantes fora da interpretação do modelo coletivo simples. / Angular distributions for the inelastic scattering of 13.0 MeV deuterons on ANTPOT.104, 106, 108, 110 Pd were measured with the Pelletron-Enge-Spectrograph facility using as detectors nuclear emulsion plates on the focal plane. A Coulomb-Nuclear Interference (CNI) analysis was applied to the inelastic scattering of deuterons, an isoscalar projectile, to the first quadrupolar excitation, employing the DWBA-DOMP description, under well-established global optical parameters. The fit of the predicted cross sections to the experimental data through the X POT.2 minimization, using the iterative method of Gauss, allowed for the extraction of the correlated parameters, delta POT.N IND.2, the mass deformation lengths. Statistical tests, through a Monte Carlo simulation of 5000 new data sets, validated the method employed. The values of B(IS2) and of the ratios B(E2)/B(IS2) obtained in the present work have not been reported before and allow to follow the evolution of the collectivity throughout the Pd chain. For ANTPOT.104, 108 Pd, the results reveal a non-homogeneous behavior, with an enhanced contribution of the protons relative to the neutrons, while a less pronounced effect is found for ANTPOT.106, 110 Pd. Comparing the nuclei studied in the present work with the nucleus formerly investigated by the São Paulo group in the A ~ 100 region with the CNI methodology through the inelastic scattering of isoscalar projectiles, considering the isotones, the nucleus ANTPOT.102 Ru (isotone of ANTPOT.104 Pd) also shows a more important contribution of protons than of neutrons to the first quadrupolar excitation. However, its neighbor. ANTPOT.104 Ru, presents a rather strong non-homogeneous behavior, also in favor of the protons, in contrast to that of its isotone, ANTPOT.106 Pd. Following the evolution of B(E2)/B(IS2) ratios along the isotopic chains, for the even Ru isotopes there is a growth as N increases, while for the even Pd isotopes a different behavior emerges. The values of the B(E2)/B(IS2) ratio vary from around 1.1 e POT.2 (ANTPOT.106, 110 Pd and ANTPOT.100 Ru) to approximately 1.6 e POT.2 (ANTPOT.104 Ru), in contrary to the expectation of the B(E2)/B(IS2) ~1 predicted by the homogeneous collective model. These facts pointed out that, in this mass region, neutrons may be responsible for some interesting effects outside the simple collective interpretation.

Distribuições angulares associadas ao espalhamento inelástico de dêuterons de 13,0 MeV em ANTPOT. 104,106,108,110. Pd foram obtidas utilizando o sistemas Pelletron-Espectrógrafo Magnético Enge com detecção em placas de emulsão nuclear no plano focal. A Análise da Interferência Nuclear Coulombiana (INC) associada ao espalhamento inelástico com dêuterons, projéteis que interagem isoescalarmente com o núcleo, na excitação do primeiro estado quadrupolar, foi realizada na descrição DWBA-DOMP utilizando potenciais ópticos globais. O ajuste das previsões sobre as distribuições angulares experimentais foi realizado pela minimização do X POT. 2 através do método interativo de Gauss, permitindo a extração dos parâmetros correlacionados: delta POT. N IND. 2, comprimento de deformação de carga nuclear e C= delta POT. N IND. 2/delta POT. N IND. 2, razão entre os comprimentos de deformação de carga e nuclear. Testes estatísticos através da simulação de Monte Carlo de 5000 novos conjuntos de dados comprovaram a qualidade da metodologia aplicada. Os valores extraídos da probabilidade reduzida de transição isoescalar B (IS2) e da razão B(E2)/B(IS2) no presente trabalho são inéditos e permitem uma análise da evolução da coletividade ao longo da cadeia de Pd. Os resultados obtidos indicam para o ANTPOT. 106 Pd e ANTPOT. 110 Pd deformações de carga e massa iguais, conforme usualmente proposto, ao contrário dos 104, 108Pd, onde existem indícios de uma maior contribuição dos prótons em relação aos nêutrons. Comparando os núcleos estudados no presente com resultados de medidas de INC em espalhamentos inelásticos com projéteis de características isoescalares, na região de A 100 medidos em São Paulo, considerando os isótonos medidos, o ANTPOT. 104 Pd, da mesma maneira que seu isótono ANTPOT. 102 Ru, apresenta na primeira excitação quadrupolar uma maior contribuição de prótons em relação aos nêutrons. ) O ANTPOT. 106 Pd entretanto revela uma possível diluição desse comportamento não homogêneo, em contraste com o seu isótono ANTPOT. 104 Ru para o qual salienta-se uma maior contribuição dos prótons. Acompanhando a evolução dos valores experimentais da razão B(E2)/B(IS2) , verifica-se que para os isótopos pares de Ru há um crescimento quando N aumenta, enquanto o comportamento é diferenciado para os isótopos pares de Pd. Os valores da razão B(E2)/B(IS2) variam de cerca de 1,1 e POT. 2(ANTPOT. 106,110 Pd e ANTPOT. 100 Ru), a e POT. 2 para o modelo coletivo homogêneo. Dentro deste contexto conclui-se que os nêutrons devem ser responsáveis por alguns efeitos importantes fora da interpretação do modelo coletivo simples. / Angular distributions for the inelastic scattering of 13.0 MeV deuterons on ANTPOT.104, 106, 108, 110 Pd were measured with the Pelletron-Enge-Spectrograph facility using as detectors nuclear emulsion plates on the focal plane. A Coulomb-Nuclear Interference (CNI) analysis was applied to the inelastic scattering of deuterons, an isoscalar projectile, to the first quadrupolar excitation, employing the DWBA-DOMP description, under well-established global optical parameters. The fit of the predicted cross sections to the experimental data through the X POT.2 minimization, using the iterative method of Gauss, allowed for the extraction of the correlated parameters, delta POT.N IND.2, the mass deformation lengths. Statistical tests, through a Monte Carlo simulation of 5000 new data sets, validated the method employed. The values of B(IS2) and of the ratios B(E2)/B(IS2) obtained in the present work have not been reported before and allow to follow the evolution of the collectivity throughout the Pd chain. For ANTPOT.104, 108 Pd, the results reveal a non-homogeneous behavior, with an enhanced contribution of the protons relative to the neutrons, while a less pronounced effect is found for ANTPOT.106, 110 Pd. Comparing the nuclei studied in the present work with the nucleus formerly investigated by the São Paulo group in the A ~ 100 region with the CNI methodology through the inelastic scattering of isoscalar projectiles, considering the isotones, the nucleus ANTPOT.102 Ru (isotone of ANTPOT.104 Pd) also shows a more important contribution of protons than of neutrons to the first quadrupolar excitation. However, its neighbor. ANTPOT.104 Ru, presents a rather strong non-homogeneous behavior, also in favor of the protons, in contrast to that of its isotone, ANTPOT.106 Pd. Following the evolution of B(E2)/B(IS2) ratios along the isotopic chains, for the even Ru isotopes there is a growth as N increases, while for the even Pd isotopes a different behavior emerges. The values of the B(E2)/B(IS2) ratio vary from around 1.1 e POT.2 (ANTPOT.106, 110 Pd and ANTPOT.100 Ru) to approximately 1.6 e POT.2 (ANTPOT.104 Ru), in contrary to the expectation of the B(E2)/B(IS2) ~1 predicted by the homogeneous collective model. These facts pointed out that, in this mass region, neutrons may be responsible for some interesting effects outside the simple collective interpretation.

L’expérience T2K étudie les propriétés des neutrinos, en particulier le phénomène d’oscillation des neutrinos. Se déroulant au Japon, elle utilise un faisceau de neutrinos muoniques produit par le complexe d’accélérateur J-PARC, un détecteur proche, ND280 sur le site même de J-PARC pour caractériser le faisceau, et un détecteur lointain, Super-Kamiokande situé à 295 km pour mesurer les oscillations de neutrinos. Le détecteur proche permet également d’étudier les interactions des neutrinos et cette thèse porte sur la mesure des sections efficaces de diffusion profondément inélastique des neutrinos muoniques.Le manuscrit introduit d’abord la physique des neutrinos, puis l’expérience T2K et en particulier les chambres à projection temporelles du détecteur proche, en insistant sur la vérification de la qualité des données, dont j’avais la charge. L’analyse porte sur les données de T2K enregistrées jusqu’en 2013. La sélection d’interactions de neutrinos muoniques par courant chargé est ensuite présentée, ainsi qu’une étude préliminaire de la sélection d’interactions de neutrinos muoniques par courant chargé avec production d’un pion neutre. Un critère portant sur la multiplicité des traces permet d’enrichir le premier lot en interactions correspondant à une diffusion profondément inélastique de neutrinos. Finalement un ajustement, validé d’abord sur des données simulées, permet d’extraire les sections efficaces de diffusion profondément inélastique des neutrinos muoniques. / The T2K experiment studies the properties of neutrinos, particularly neutrino oscillations. It takes place in Japan and uses a muonic neutrino beam produced by the J-PARC accelerator complex, a near detector, ND280 on the J-PARC site in order to characterise the beam, and a far detector, Super-Kamiokande 295 km away in order to measure the neutrino oscillations. The near detector is also used to study the neutrino interactions and the goal of this thesis is the measurement of muonic neutrino deep inelastic scattering cross sections.The thesis first introduces neutrino physics, then the T2K experiment and more particularly the time projection chambers of the near detector, and its data quality checking that I was in charge of. The analysis is based on the T2K data recorded until 2013. The selection of charged current muonic neutrino interactions is then presented, as well as a preliminary study of the selection of charged current muonic neutrino interactions with the production of a neutral pion. A criterion on track multiplicity allows enriching the former sample in interactions corresponding to a neutrino deep inelastic scattering. Finally a fit, first validated on simulated data, allows the extraction of the muonic neutrino deep inelastic scattering cross sections.

One of the important issues of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) - the fundamental theory of strong interaction, is the understanding of the role of the quark-gluon interactions in the processes involving nuclear targets. One direction in such studies is to explore the onset of the quark gluon degrees of freedom in nuclear dynamics. The other direction is using the nuclear targets as a “micro-labs” in studies of the QCD processes involving protons and neutrons bound in the nucleus. In the proposed research, we work in both directions considering high energy photo- and electro-production reactions involving deuteron and 3 He nuclei. In the first half of the research, we study the high energy break-up of the 3 He nucleus, caused by a incoming photon, into a proton-deuteron pair at the large center of mass scattering angle. The main motivation of the research is the theoretical interpretation of recent experimental data which revealed the unprecedentedly large exponent s −17 , for the energy dependence of the differential cross section. In the present research, we extend the theoretical formalism of the hard QCD rescattering model to calculate energy and angular dependences of the absolute cross section of the γ 3 He → pd reaction in high momentum transfer limit. The second half of the research explores the deep-inelastic scattering of a polarized electron off the polarized deuteron and 3 He nuclei, to explore the quark-gluon structure of polarized neutron. The main reason of using deuteron is that it is the most simple and best understood nucleus. While the reason of using polarized 3 He as an effective polarized neutron target is that because of the Pauli-principle, the two protons in the target are in the opposite spin states and thus the neutron has all the polarization of the 3 He nucleus. However this approximation is exact only for the S-state and becomes less accurate with the increase of the internal momentum of the bound nucleons in the nucleus. There are several planned experiments which will be performed during next few years at the kinematics in which the internal momenta of the probed neutron cannot be neglected. Therefore, for the reliable interpretation of the data, all the nuclear effects, especially the effects related to the relativistic treatment of high momentum component of the nuclear wave function, should be taken into account. In this work, we developed a comprehensive theoretical framework for calculation of the all relevant nuclear effects that will allow the accurate extraction of the neutron data from deepinelastic scattering involving deuteron and 3 He targets.

In this thesis, two studies of the diffractive phenomena in the electron proton collisions with the H1 detector at HERA are presented. The first is the study of the inclusive elastic diffractive events $ep o eXp$ in the regime of high photon virtuality ($Q^2 >$ few GeV$^2$), with the scattered proton detected by the Very Forward Proton Spectrometer (VFPS). The VFPS detector, designed to measure diffractive scattered protons with high acceptance, has been installed in 2004 to benefit from the HERA II luminosity increase. The selected event sample of an integrated luminosity of 130.2 pb$^{-1}$ was collected in years 2006-2007. Data sample distributions are compared to the prediction based on the diffractive parton distribution functions, as extracted from the H1 measurement of the diffractive structure function $F_2^{D(3)}$ at HERA I. After the study of the VFPS efficiency, the VFPS acceptance as a function of $xpom$ is estimated and studied in relation to the forward proton beam optics. The second study leads to the cross section measurement of the diffractive scattering of quasi-real photons off protons, $gamma p o gamma Y$, with the large momentum transfer, $|t|$. The final state photon is separated from the proton dissociation system, $Y$, by a large rapidity gap and has a large transverse momentum, $p_T > 2$ GeV. Large $p_T$ imply the presence of the hard scale $t$ ($|t| simeq p_T^2$) and allows predictions of the perturbative QCD to be applied. The measurement is based on an integrated luminosity 46.2 pb$^{-1}$ of data collected in the 1999-2000 running period. Cross sections $sigma(W)$ as a function of the incident photon-proton centre of mass energy, $W$, and $ud sigma/ud |t|$ are measured in the range $Q^2 < 0.01$ GeV$^2$, $175 < W < 247$ GeV, $4 < |t| < 36$ GeV$^2$ and $ypom < 0.05$. The cross section measurements have been compared to predictions of LLA BFKL calculations.

Methane hydrate has a unique structure that the host water framework forms two kinds of cages, which contain one methane molecule each. Therefore, it has been expected that there may exist three kinds of translational modes of a methane molecule and also the distortion of translational mode of host water molecules compared with normal ice. We need information of the host and guest molecular dynamics over the wide momentum and energy transfer region for studying such dynamics. In this study inelastic neutron measurements were carried under 40 K with MARI spectrometer at ISIS in UK, TAS at JRR-3 and CAT at KENS in Japan. For the methane molecular motion we could confirm its freelike rotation by complementary use of MARI and TAS spectra. After the subtraction of the scattering intensity of the rotation evaluated by the free rotation model from the experimental data, three kinds of translation modes were identified at first experimentally. On the experimental spectra there still remains the excess intensity which could not explain the single mode excitation. The libration mode of the water framework shows the different momentum and energy transfer dependence with those of normal ice. The feature of the libration mode is resemble to ice-IX, that could be considered as a proton ordering of the cage structure appeared in ice-II, VIII and IX.

No description available.

Angular distributions have been measured for the (⁹Be, ¹⁰B₀, ₁) reactions on ⁶³Cu, ⁵⁴Fe, ^26,24Mg and ¹⁶O at 43 MeV and on ⁴⁰Ca at 45 and 30 MeV. Several of these experiments were performed with the Oxford MDM-2 spectrometer and the design and testing of its 30 cm focal plane detector, which is of the "hybrid" type, is described. Despite the size of the counter, in particular the large cathode to Frisch-grid separation, the resolution of the ionization signals is comparable with that of smaller counters. The position resolution is < 0.6 mm. Optical potentials have been obtained from the measured elastic scattering of ⁹Be from ¹⁶O, ²⁶Mg and ⁴⁰Ca, and ¹⁰B from ²⁵Mg and ³⁹K. The exact finite-range DWBA calculations have generally well reproduced the shape of the experimental reaction cross-sections. However, inconsistencies of up to 50% between the extracted spectroscopic factors for ¹⁰B₀ and ¹⁰B₁ have been found. This anomaly was found insensitive to changes in either optical potential or bound state parameters. A new method of form factor calculation is described that uses a shell model potential in conjunction with a surface-peaked potential, the depth of which is adjusted to give the correct asymptotic form to the wavef unctions. Whilst this form factor showed some success, it did not account for the ¹⁰B₀/¹⁰B₁ anomaly. Collective model DWBA analyses of the inelastic excitation of the first 2⁺ state in ²⁶Mg and 3^- state in ⁴⁰Ca have given values for deformation parameters in reasonable agreement with light-ion work. A CCBA analysis of the ²⁶Mg 2⁺ state was carried out to estimate the effect of the coupling. Calculations performed for a two-step reaction process through inelastic excitation of a strongly coupled 5/2^- state in the projectile showed that this indirect route is important, but it could not solve the ¹⁰B₀/¹⁰B₁ problem alone. The conclusion is that other routes (projectile or target excitation) must be included.

No description available.