Since its introduction in the early 1990s, the quick growth of the World Wide Web (WWW) traffic raises the question of whether past Local Area Network (LAN) packet traces still reflect the current situation or whether they have become obsolete. For this thesis, several LAN packet traces were obtained by monitoring the LAN of a typical academic environment. The tools for monitoring the network were a stand-alone HP LAN Protocol Analyzer as well as the free-ware software tool tcpdump. The main focus was placed on acquiring a low-level overview of the LAN traffic. Thus, it was possible to determine what protocols were mainly used and how the packet sizes were distributed. In particular, this study aimed at establishing the amount of WWW traffic on the LAN, and determining the MIME-Types of this traffic. The results indicate that in a typical academic environment, conventional sources of LAN traffic such as NFS are still predominant, whereas WWW traffic plays a rather marginal role. Furthermore, a large portion of the network packets contains little or no data at all, while another significant portion of the packets have sizes around the Maximum Transfer Unit (MTU). Consequently, research in the networking field has to direct its focus on issues beside the WWW. / Graduation date: 1998

The heart of this dissertation is the SCAPULA Information Retrieval System, used to create, maintain, and retrieve coded archaeological data for the Upper Wabash Drainage at the Archaeology Laboratory of Ball State University.Several existing archaeological data banks were surveyed and classified at first, and different file organizations, computer software and hardware were reviewed next using as a major criterion the needs of archaeologists at Ball State in order to determine the characteristics of the SCAPULA System.The encoding instructions and retrieval keywords are illustrated and listed, while the functions of the SCAPULA are introduced. With its straightforward query instructions and examples, the SCAPULA Information Retrieval System, a relational data bank, is very easy to use.The present study sought to examine the impact of victim-observer similarity, victim physical attractiveness, outcome severity and sex of respondent on responsibility attributions made toward a rape victim. Perceived attitudinal similarity, victim physical attractiveness, and outcome severity were experimentally varied. In addition this study sought to further examine sex differences, which prior research has indicated may influence how a rape victim is perceived.A modified version of Alexander's (1980) scale was used to measure the degree of responsibility attributed to the victim, to the assailant, to society and to chance in each condition. A research design was developed using two levels of each of the four factors.The experiment was conducted during regular class periods. The population consisted of 198 male and female undergraduate students. Prior to the actual experiment, Ss were randomly assigned to review an attitude questionnaire (supposedly completed by the victim), which was either similar or dissimilar to one completed previously by themselves. The attitude survey used in this study was the Important Issues Questionnaire (Novak & Lerner, 1968). The study was conducted such that Ss perceived the victim to be either like or unlike themselves in basic attitudes. Ss were then asked to view a videotape in which a sexual assault victim was interviewed. The victim was actually an actress who read a prepared script. Outcome severity was varied by the use of written vignettes and by the victim's (actress's) narration of either having suffered an attempted rape or a rape with physical injuries. Physical attractiveness was varied by the use of cosmetics and dress. Ss were tested in groups. Each group saw only one of the four videotapes. Ss were debriefed following the experiment.The study was designed to answer the following research questions:1. Would Ss make significantly different responsibility attributions toward a victim they perceived as similar to themselves than toward a victim they perceived as dissimilar to themselves?2. Would Ss make significantly different responsibility attributions toward a victim who suffered a non-severe outcome than toward a victim who suffered a severe outcome?3. Would male Ss make significantly different attributions of responsibility toward a physically attractive victim than toward a physically unattractive victim?4. Would the respondent's sex significantly affect the degree of responsibility attributed to the victim?A 2x2x2x2 multivariate analysis of variance was used to test the four research hypothesis. Significance was considered at an alpha level of .05.FindingsThe results of this study indicated that no significant difference existed for similarity, outcome severity, sex of respondent or physical attractiveness. There was however, a tendency for Ss to attribute more responsibility to the victim who had suffered a severe outcome, and also for the assailant in that condition to be assigned a harsher penalty.ConclusionPrior research in the area of rape victim culpability has offered conflicting results. The present study sought to provide clarity to the findings of previous research. Further research is needed in this area to gain a clearer understanding of factors which influence how victims of sexual assault are perceived.

Universiẗat, Diss., 2006--Bamberg.

COELHO, Odete Máyra Mesquita; PINTO, Virgínia Bentes. Recuperação da Informação: estudo da usabilidade na base de dados Public Medical (PUBMED). 2014. 172 f. Dissertação (Mestrado) - Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Mestrado em Ciência da Informação, Paraíba, 2014. / Submitted by Lidya Silva (nagylla.lidya@gmail.com) on 2016-07-01T14:54:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_diss_ommsales.pdf: 4229373 bytes, checksum: 0087285c704b68c550008eeb3ca7869a (MD5) / Rejected by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br), reason: Por gentileza, faça as devidas correções de acordo com as orientações recebidas. Qualquer dúvida ligar 33667659. Márcia Bezerra Revisora do Repositório Institucional Biblioteca das Casas de Cultura Estrangeira/UFC on 2016-07-06T13:18:46Z (GMT) / Submitted by Lidya Silva (nagylla.lidya@gmail.com) on 2016-07-08T13:27:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_diss_ommsales.pdf: 4229373 bytes, checksum: 0087285c704b68c550008eeb3ca7869a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Josineide Góis (josineide@ufc.br) on 2016-07-15T13:21:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_diss_ommsales.pdf: 4229373 bytes, checksum: 0087285c704b68c550008eeb3ca7869a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-15T13:21:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_diss_ommsales.pdf: 4229373 bytes, checksum: 0087285c704b68c550008eeb3ca7869a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / It investigates the understanding that resident doctors have about the process of information retrieval on the basis of Public Medical (PubMed) data, taking into consideration the aspects of usability in human-computer interaction, the resources available and the level of user satisfaction in searching process. The theoretical framework used for this research relates the concepts of information and information systems for the healthcare, and then addresses the Information Retrieval systems and databases, entering the field of information architecture for evaluating the usability of these sources information. The methodological approach includes exploratory research whose first phase consisted of the heuristic evaluation of the PubMed database interface, using the guidelines proposed by Nielsen and Tahir (2002). The results of this analysis show that although these guidelines have been designed to build homepage, thirty-eight of them are suited to the PubMed interface. Therefore, it is inferred that these guidelines can be used for heuristic evaluation of databases focused on the area of Health regarding the usability of this database, it was observed that the interface has a well-structured architecture, is friendly and objective, and present numerous possibilities for search and retrieval of information. The second phase of empirical study took place through the application of prospective usability testing to measure user satisfaction database. These tests were done using a semi-structured questionnaire administered to resident doctors specialty of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Walter Cantídio the Federal University of Ceará, totaling 36% of participants. The results of this step show a good performance and a good user satisfaction PubMed regarding the usability of the database, considering that enables them to achieve their research goals with real effectiveness and efficiency, yet they do not know all the resources available to search and retrieval of information offered by this database. / Investiga qual o entendimento que os médicos residentes têm sobre o processo de recuperação de informação na base de dados Public Medical (PubMed), levando em consideração os aspectos relativos à usabilidade na interação humano-computador, os recursos disponíveis e o nível de satisfação do usuário no processo de busca. O referencial teórico utilizado para esta pesquisa relaciona os conceitos de informação e de informação para a área da saúde, e em seguida aborda os Sistemas de Recuperação de Informação e as bases de dados, adentrando no campo da arquitetura da informação para avaliar a usabilidade dessas fontes de informação. O percurso metodológico contempla a pesquisa exploratória cuja primeira etapa constou da avaliação heurística da interface da base de dados PubMed, utilizando- se as diretrizes propostas por Nielsen e Tahir (2002). Os resultados dessa análise evidenciam que, embora tais diretrizes tenham sido pensadas para a construção de homepage, trinta e oito delas se adequaram à interface da PubMed. Portanto, infere- se que essas diretrizes podem ser utilizadas para a avaliação heurística de bases de dados voltadas para a área da Saúde. Com relação à usabilidade dessa base de dados, evidenciou-se que a interface tem uma arquitetura bem estruturada, é amigável e objetiva, além de apresentar inúmeras possibilidades de busca e recuperação da informação. A segunda etapa do estudo empírico deu-se por meio da aplicação dos testes prospectivos de usabilidade para mensurar a satisfação dos usuários da base de dados. Esses testes foram feitos por meio de um questionário semiestruturado aplicado aos médicos residentes da especialidade de Clínica Médica do Hospital Universitário Walter Cantídio da Universidade Federal do Ceará, perfazendo um total de 36% de participantes. Os resultados dessa etapa evidenciam um bom desempenho e uma boa satisfação dos usuários da PubMed quanto à usabilidade dessa base de dados, haja vista que permite a eles atingirem seus objetivos de pesquisa com real eficácia e eficiência, ainda que não conheçam todos os recursos disponíveis para a busca e a recuperação da informação oferecidos por essa base de dados.

Submitted by Viviane Lima da Cunha (viviane@biblioteca.ufpb.br) on 2017-11-09T13:17:55Z No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivototal.pdf: 4984003 bytes, checksum: 15bf30b6c475733d92d8611db7b64bc0 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-09T13:17:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivototal.pdf: 4984003 bytes, checksum: 15bf30b6c475733d92d8611db7b64bc0 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-04-27 / The automation of information retrieval systems in libraries try to reduce the cognitive load of work, to perform specific tasks, which previously was done manually with chips in a catalog. With the automation of libraries and the help of the Internet, catalogs are now available online. So, it was carried out a study about the online catalog Auslib, wich aim was analyze automation softwares for libraries. This study was based on a hybrid approach scoped to verify the subjective satisfaction of the Sistemoteca’s users from the Federal University of Campina Grande. The public search module was analized, because it was already deployed and working. Were realized tests of interaction with students and staff. The usability happened as field survey and in the laboratory, attended by 128 users, according to all three prospects for evaluating the hybrid approach: a compliance inspection of the product, performance measurement and survey of user satisfaction. In the compliance inspection was decided to use parts: 14 - dialogues with menu, 16 - dialogues by direct manipulation and 17 - forms of dialogues. The choice of those parts of ISO 9241 was due to the modes of interaction, human-computer interface feature that - if the evaluated product. Part 11, ISO 9241:1998 was used to select assessment strategies in order to measure the performance and survey of user satisfaction. The instruments used for collecting data in this study were: questionnaires for delineation of the profile and subjective satisfaction of users, interview, test script, record video and list of compliance inspection. As a collection method was used verbalizing procedures for users to comment his acts. After the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the data, testing with users allowed to verify how they interacted with the interface Auslib Catalog. A result for the two categories of users as obtained as an index of a minimal satisfaction with the product, in both test environments, it’s justified by the list of faults detected in the module's public search software.It’s believed that the research has significantly contributed through usability guidelines proposed as a way to improve the product interface. / A automatização dos sistemas de recuperação da informação nas bibliotecas tenta diminuir a carga cognitiva de trabalho, para a realização de tarefas específicas, o que antes era feito manualmente com fichas em forma de catálogo. Com a automação das bibliotecas e o auxílio da Internet, os catálogos são atualmente disponibilizados online. Desta forma, realizou-se um estudo acerca do catálogo online Auslib, com o objetivo de analisar o software de automação para bibliotecas. Este estudo foi fundamentado em uma abordagem híbrida de avaliação, com o propósito de identificar a satisfação subjetiva dos usuários do Sistemoteca da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande. O alvo do estudo foi o módulo destinado à pesquisa pública, por estar implantado e em funcionamento. O estudo se caracteriza como exploratório e descritivo. Foram realizados os ensaios de interação com alunos e funcionários. Os testes de usabilidade ocorreram em ambiente laboratorial e em campo, com 128 usuários, de acordo com os três enfoques de avaliação da abordagem híbrida: a inspeção de conformidade do produto, a mensuração do desempenho e a sondagem de satisfação do usuário. Na inspeção de conformidade, optou-se em utilizar as partes: 14 – diálogos com menu, 16 – diálogos por manipulação direta e 17 – diálogos por formulários. A opção por estas partes da ISO 9241 foi devido aos modos de interação, na interface homemcomputador que apresentam-se no produto avaliado. A parte 11 do padrão internacional ISO 9241:1998 foi utilizada para escolher estratégias de avaliação, a adotar com o intuito de mensurar o desempenho e a sondagem da satisfação dos usuários. Os instrumentos para a coleta de dados utilizados na pesquisa foram: questionários para delineamento do perfil e para a sondagem da satisfação subjetiva dos usuários; entrevista; roteiro de teste; registro em vídeo e listas de inspeção de conformidade. Como método de coleta, utilizou-se a verbalização de procedimentos para que os usuários comentassem, verbalmente, suas ações ao longo das sessões de teste. Após as análises quantitativas e qualitativas dos dados, o teste com os usuários possibilitou verificar o modo como interagiram com a interface do Catálogo Auslib. Obteve-se como resultado para as duas categorias de usuários, nos dois ambientes de teste, um índice de satisfação mínina com o produto, justificada pela lista de falhas detectadas no módulo de pesquisa pública do software. Acredita-se que a pesquisa contribuiu, de forma significativa, mediante diretrizes de usabilidade propostas, como instrumento para o aprimoramento do produto.

Orientador: Ivan Luiz Marques Ricarte / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T17:41:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Botero_SergioWilliam_M.pdf: 2163763 bytes, checksum: a7c5db625a3d99cead80cee63b7908ce (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Sistemas de recuperação de informação são ferramentas para automatizar os procedimentos de busca por informações. Surgiram com propostas simples nas quais a recuperação era baseada exclusivamente na sintaxe das palavras e evoluíram para sistemas baseados na semântica das palavras como, por exemplo, os que utilizam ontologias. Entretanto, a especificação manual de ontologias é uma tarefa extremamente custosa e sujeita a erros humanos. Métodos automáticos para a construção de ontologias mostraram-se ineficientes, identificando falsas relações semânticas. O presente trabalho apresenta uma técnica baseada em processamento de linguagem natural e um novo algoritmo de agrupamento para a extração semi-automática de relações que utiliza o conteúdo dos documentos, uma ontologia de senso comum e supervisão do usuário para identificar corretamente as relações semânticas. A proposta envolve um estágio que utiliza recursos lingüísticos para a extração de termos e outro que utiliza algoritmos de agrupamento para a identificação de conceitos e relações semânticas de instanciação entre termos e conceitos. O algoritmo proposto é baseado em técnicas de agrupamento possibilístico e de bi-agrupamento e permite a extração interativa de conceitos e relações. Os resultados são promissores, similares às metodologias mais recentes, com a vantagem de permitir a supervisão do processo de extração / Abstract: Information Retrieval systems are tools to automate the searching for information. The first implementations were very simple, based exclusively on word syntax, and have evolved to systems that use semantic knowledge such as those using ontologies. However, the manual specification is an expensive task and subject to human mistakes. In order to deal with this problem, methodologies that automatically construct ontologies have been proposed but they did not reach good results, identifying false semantic relation between words. This work presents a natural language processing technique e a new clustering algorithm for the semi-automatic extraction of semantic relations by using the content of the document, a commom-sense ontology, and the supervision of the user to correctly identify semantic relations. The proposal encompasses a stage that uses linguistic resources to extract the terms and another stage that uses clustering algorithms to identify concepts and instanceof relations between terms and concepts. The proposed algorithm is based on possibilistic clustering and bi-clustering techniques and it allows the interative extraction of concepts. The results are promising, similar to the most recent methodologies, with the advantage of allowing the supervision of the extraction process / Mestrado / Engenharia de Computação / Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica

Orientador: Ricardo da Silva Torres / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T12:32:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_FernandaBrandao_M.pdf: 11339319 bytes, checksum: 8a89e5104479c5f13a4d5718242f42c9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Atualmente, há uma alta demanda por soluções que possibilitem a implementação de serviços de recuperação e classificação eficazes e eficientes para grande volumes de dados. Nesse contexto, diversos estudos têm investigado o uso de novas técnicas baseadas na comparação de estruturas locais presentes em objetos na implementação de serviços de classificação e recuperação. Estruturas locais podem ser caracterizadas por diferentes tipos de relacionamentos (e.g., distribuição espacial) entre primitivas de objetos, sendo geralmente exploradas em problemas de reconhecimento de padrões. Nessa dissertação de mestrado, propomos a Sacola de Grafos, uma nova abordagem baseada no modelo de Sacola de Palavras Visuais, que utiliza grafos para codificar estruturas locais de um objeto. Uma definição formal do modelo proposto é apresentada, assim como conceitos e regras que tornam este modelo flexível e ajustável a diferentes aplicações. Na abordagem proposta, um objeto é representado por um grafo que modela as estruturas locais existentes. Usando um dicionário pré-definido, o objeto pode ser descrito por uma representação vetorial com a frequência de ocorrência de padrões locais no grafo correspondente. Neste trabalho, apresentamos dois métodos baseados no modelo proposto, a Sacola de Grafos Triviais e a Sacola de Grafos Visuais, que constroem representações vetoriais para imagens e grafos, respectivamente. Ambos os métodos são validados em tarefas de classificação. Nós avaliamos o método Sacola de Grafos Triviais para classificação de grafos em quatro bases do repositório IAM, obtendo resultados significativos em termos de acurácia e tempo de execução. O método Sacola de Grafos Visuais é avaliado para classificação de imagens nas bases Caltech-101 e Caltech-256, alcançando resultados promissores, com elevados valores de acurácia / Abstract: Nowadays, there is a strong interest for solutions that allow the implementation of effective and efficient retrieval and classification services associated with large volumes of data. In this context, several studies have been investigating the use of new techniques based on the comparison of local structures within objects in the implementation of classification and retrieval services. Local structures may be characterized by different types of relationships (e.g., spatial distribution) among object primitives, being commonly exploited in pattern recognition problems. In this dissertation, we propose the Bag of Graphs (BoG), a new approach based on the Bag-of-Words model that uses graphs for encoding local structures of a digital object. We present a formal definition of the proposed model, introducing concepts and rules that make this model flexible and adaptable for different applications. In the proposed approach, a digital object is represented by a graph that models the existing local structures. Using a pre-defined dictionary, the object is described by a vector representation with the frequency of occurrence of local patterns in the corresponding graph. In this work, we present two BoG-based methods, the Bag of Singleton Graphs (BoSG) and the Bag of Visual Graphs (BoVG), which create vector representations for graphs and images, respectively. Both methods are validated in classification tasks. We evaluate the Bag of Singleton Graphs (BoSG) for graph classification on four datasets of the IAM repository, obtaining significant results in terms of both accuracy and execution time. The method Bag of Visual Graphs (BoVG), which encodes the spatial distribution of visual words, is evaluated for image classification on the Caltech-101 and Caltech-256 datasets, achieving promising results with high accuracy scores / Mestrado / Ciência da Computação / Mestra em Ciência da Computação

The thesis documents findings of a study conducted to develop a project based financial management system (PBFMS) whose role was viewed as a contributor to the successful delivery of projects leading to improved financial performance of small and medium construction enterprise (SMCEs). In particular, the PBFMS was viewed as a facilitator {function) for the efficient and effective conduction of the strategic management, project planning and control processes. Thus an adequate PBFMS was seen as one which, facilitates the efficient and effective delivery of projects with a view to provide enhanced enterprise performance. In pursuit of this aim, theory and practices relating to the development, operation and use of a PBFMS were investigated and analysed from both literature and field work leading to findings being reported in the thesis. In addition, the actual financial management systems of SMCEs were investigated to determine the extent to which their attributes match those of the proposed PBFMS model. The motivation for embarking on the study was brought about by three aspects observed in Botswana. Firstly, was the frequently documented poor delivery of projects, that is, for a sustained period of time, projects were being delivered beyond stipulated times, above agreed cost, and below specified quality. In some worst scenarios, projects were being abandoned at various stages execution but before completion. Secondly, the investigation was also prompted by the frequent financial failures of enterprises that were being recorded in the construction industry. Thirdly, the conduct of the proprietors of the construction enterprises was also frequently circumspect, particularly in matters relating to financial management. Thus in pursuing the study, a number of premises were made. Firstly, the financial management systems of the SMCEs were considered inadequate to fulfil their functions, that is, they were incapable of facilitating the strategic management, project planning and control process. It was also speculated that management of SMCEs were not committed to the PBFMS i.e. they did not participate, get involved and did not comply with the policies regarding the planning, developing, and operation of financial management systems. As a result, PBFMS were unable to play their role of facilitating to the successful delivery of projects for improved contribution to the financial performance of SMCEs. The second premise was that financial models available are either too generic to guide SMCEs in financial management matters or the strategic component is not linked to the operational plans to execute the strategy. For those which are meant for construction enterprises, they normally prescribe practices for project planning and control without including the strategic element and vice versa. In essence there is a gap in each of the models available for use by the SMCEs. It is the closing of this perceived gap in knowledge that the results of the thesis contribute in finding a solution to the mentioned problem. Thus the study aimed at answering two research questions: (i) Do SMCEs have adequate PBFMS that facilitate the effective delivery of projects for enhanced financial performance? and (ii) Is there a relationship between the adequacy PBFMS and poor performance of SMCEs? To facilitate the answering of these two question two hypothesis were formulated namely: Hoi: The PBFMS of SMCEs are adequate to facilitate the delivery of projects; and Ho2: The adequacy of the PBFMS is positively correlated with the performance of SMCEs. To test the two questions a research process was planned and executed in several steps. Firstly, a survey strategy using the questionnaire was selected as the most appropriate method to provide a snap shot of the existence of attributes of PBFMS and to investigate associated practices relating to their development and operation. The method was considered more appropriate and effective in gathering large data in a short space of time in line with the doctoral time framework. Construction enterprises registered with Public Procurement and Asset Disposal Board (PPADB) for building and civil work in classes A, B, C and D were surveyed. The internal quantity surveyor, estimator or accountant were requested to respond on matters relating PBFMS on behalf of the SMCEs. The sampling frame from which the SMCEs considered for study were obtained from the two government departments which work closely with PPADB, the Department of Building and Engineering Services (DBES) and Department of Roads (DR). The sample sizes for each group category (small and medium) were determined using Krajcie and Morgan (1970) table. Stratified and systematic random sampling was used to select the identity of the members to form a sample fro study from the sampling frame. The second step was to design the questionnaire to probe the three aspects identified as constituting the PBFMS namely the strategic management; project planning and control; and management commitment. Essentially the questionnaire sought to investigate the knowledge, tools, techniques, practices, opinions and attitudes of those who design, develop, operate and use the PBFMS in the SMCEs. To ensure a high quality design, the questionnaire was given to experts in the subject area to provide some comments on its suitability and was also piloted on four enterprises. Data collected was analysed using mainly the SPSS software and involved application of various statistical techniques including cross-tabs, ratio analysis, ttests and correlational tests. A total of 101 completed questionnaires were received, made up of 55% and 46% small and medium enterprises, respectively. The demographic profile of SMCEs confirmed some of the expected results, for example, majority (59%) of the respondents were owner/managers confirming the dominance of the owner in SMCEs. Majority of SMCEs (59%) were more than 9 years old, with medium enterprises being more mature (60% older than 9 years) than the small sized enterprises (49% older than 9 years). Majority (56%) of SMCEs had 10 or more employees, with medium sized enterprises having more employees (75% with 10 or more) than the small sized enterprises (42% with 10 or more). SMCEs performed more of building work alone (48%) than both building and civil work (48%) or maintenance (11%) and no enterprise performed civil work (0%) alone. Majority of SMCEs (65%) acted as main contractors as opposed to sub-contractors, though as expected sub-contracting was seen more in small (20%) than medium (10%) enterprises. Lastly, the public sector (central and local authorities) provided majority (65%) of the SMCEs jobs. However, if parastatals which are wholly owned by government were added, the public sector job market adds up to 73% (65%+8%). The testing of the major two major hypothesis resulted in the following conclusion. The results indicated that the first hypothesis was supported, that is, in a majority of SMCEs operating in Botswana the PBFMS were found to be adequate in facilitating the delivery of projects. The results were therefore not in agreement with the basic premise made at the commencement of the study. In view of the finding, it suggests that SMCEs in Botswana have adequate systems that support the efficient and effective project planning and control. Secondly, management is committed to the 'welfare' of the PBFMS in terms of complying and supporting their development and operation. However, like any human endeavour, there are weaknesses in the PBFMS, for example, they were found inadequate in facilitating the strategic management process, including lack of linking the process to the operational process in order to execute the strategy. They were also found weak in one of the most crucial process of project management; that of project control. The second major investigation showed a weak link between the adequacy of a PBFMS and performance. Secondly, the results also indicated that the SMCEs which had adequate PBFMS performed better than their counterparts. The first results were not surprising since the cause of poor performance were shown as three pillars (business environment, client/representatives and enterprise factors). However, the second results emphasise that SMCEs with adequate PBFMS posted better performance than their counterparts with inadequate systems. In this way the role of PBFMS in contributing to better performance was illustrated by the results. Some recommendations are proposed resulting from the findings and how to achieve a deeper understanding of the subject. Firstly, SMCEs should pay more attention to matters pertaining to strategic management to ensure a long-term view of their enterprises. Secondly, when a strategic plan is developed, it must be implemented through operational plans as a means of executing the strategy. Thirdly, concerted effort should made in ensuring that the projects are controlled as it is the only way to achieve sustained profitability and satisfied customers. Fourthly, as a way of providing a deeper understanding of the subject, it is suggested a longitudinal study could be undertaken to yield a more encompassing investigation than a cross sectional study which captured only one business cycle of the industry (down turn). Lastly, the study could be replicated in another industry with a similar profile like the construction industry in Botswana, for example, Namibia or/and the study could include large enterprises to provide means of comparing the different profiles of enterprises. / Business Management / D. B. L.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-03T18:35:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Edison_Roseno.pdf: 1302523 bytes, checksum: 3c2d7aac5ffdf47d7543adf1db7fb874 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-05-30 / Accounting in Brazil has undergone profound changes with the recent adaptation to international standards and because of the constant process of computerization of accounting and tax imposed by tax legislation, arises in this context called the \"SPED\", Public Digital Bookkeeping System, created by the Federal Government in 2007, to replace manual bookkeeping paper to digital. Once put into operation the system, companies subject to the delivery of these bonds will provide information via digital files to government oversight (City, State and Federal). With the implementation of these projects, companies will experience significant impacts in their practices Internal Control and Risk Management. Against this backdrop, this study aimed to: \"Check in the perception of the interviewees, to what extent were affected practices Internal Controls and Risk Management of three companies participating in the Pilot Project of the Internal Revenue Service in the implementation of SPED Accounting.\" To achieve this qualitative study was undertaken of documentary and bibliographic character. Data were obtained from the three professional companies that participated in the pilot project, collected using an interview script, with analysis of the results assessed by the technique of content analysis. It was found that the main impacts on the deployment layout Accounting SPED were the adaptation of integrated systems and the transition of the Chart of Accounts of the Company with the Chart of Accounts Reference imposed by the government due to the large volume of information generated in the systems. The survey found that companies practiced a policy of internal controls, in order to monitor and control departmental procedures and measured the risks incurred in the implementation of Accounting SPED. As for risk management, it was found that at the time of project implementation SPED Accounting, had not adopted policies to measure and mitigate the flow of information in the consolidated accounting and tax accounting / A Contabilidade brasileira tem passado por profundas altera????es com a recente adequa????o ??s normas internacionais e devido ao constante processo de informatiza????o dos processos cont??beis e fiscais impostos pela legisla????o tribut??ria. Surge neste contexto o chamado \"SPED\", Sistema P??blico de Escritura????o Digital, criado pelo Governo Federal em 2007, para substituir a escritura????o manual em papel para a digital. Uma vez implatado o sistema, as Empresas sujeitas ?? entrega dessas obriga????es fornecer??o informa????es por meio de arquivos digitais aos ??rg??os governamentais de fiscaliza????o (Municipal, Estadual e Federal). Com a implanta????o desses projetos, as empresas sofrer??o significativos impactos em suas pr??ticas de Controle Interno e Gest??o de Riscos. Diante desse cen??rio, a presente pesquisa teve como objetivo: \"Verificar na percep????o dos sujeitos entrevistados, em que medida foram afetadas as pr??ticas de Controles Internos e Gest??o de Riscos de tr??s empresas participantes do Projeto Piloto da Receita Federal na implanta????o do SPED Cont??bil\". Para atingir este objetivo foi realizada pesquisa qualitativa, de carater documental e bibliogr??fico. Os dados foram obtidos junto a profissionais das tr??s empresas que participaram do projeto piloto, coletados por meio de um roteiro de entrevista, com an??lises dos resultados avaliados pela t??cnica de an??lise de conte??do. Constatou-se que os principais impactos na implanta????o ao layout do SPED Cont??bil foram a adapta????o dos sistemas integrados e a transi????o do Plano de Contas da Empresa com o Plano de Contas Referencial imposto pelo Governo, devido ao grande volume de informa????es geradas nos sistemas. A pesquisa constatou que as empresas praticavam a politica de controles internos, com objetivo de fiscalizar e controlar os procedimentos internos dos departamentos e que mensuravam os riscos ocorridos na implanta????o do SPED Cont??bil. Quanto ?? gest??o de riscos, constatou-se que na ??poca da implanta????o do projeto SPED Cont??bil, n??o havia pol??ticas adotadas para mensurar e mitigar os riscos dos fluxos das informa????es cont??beis e fiscais consolidadas na Contabilidade

Orientador: Mariângela Spotti Lopes Fujita / Banca: Maria Isabel Asperti Nardi / Banca: Nair Yumiko Kobashi / Resumo: A política de indexação deve ser constituída de estratégias pertinentes ao alcance dos objetivos de recuperação do sistema de informação. Isto porque, sob o ponto de vista do sistema, a indexação é reconhecida com sua parte mais importante dentro dos procedimentos realizados para o tratamento da informação, pois condiciona os resultados das estratégias de busca. O indexador tem a função primordial de compreender o documento ao realizar uma análise conceitual que represente adequadamente seu conteúdo, de modo que ocorra correspondência entre o índice e o assunto pesquisado pelo usuário. Para isso, existem os manuais de indexação que devem refletir a política de indexação do sistema de informação e a realidade de trabalho do indexador. No entanto, devido à literatura escassa sobre política de indexação, procurou-se obter por meio da experiência do indexador mais subsídios sobre o tema. Nossos objetivos operacionais são: analisar o contexto do indexador e investigar seu conhecimento sobre política de indexação por meio da metodologia de leitura como evento social/protocolo verbal em grupo. Dessa maneira poderemos atingir nosso objetivo final que é tentar preencher uma lacuna teórica sobre política de indexação. Primeiramente, realizou-se uma primeira coleta de dados com três indexadoras de duas bibliotecas universitárias de Marília - SP das áreas de Medicina e Direito que não estão subordinadas à nenhum sistema de informação maior. Essa coleta teve como objetivos verificar a aplicabilidade da metodologia para os fins desta dissertação e servir como modelo quanto à forma de aplicação do método e conduta durante a coleta dos dados. Posteriormente, realizou-se uma segunda coleta de dados com duas indexadoras e duas gerentes de duas bibliotecas universitárias da área de Odontologia, consideradas núcleos básicos... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The indexing policy must be constituted of pertaining strategies being appropriate to the information system retrieval objectives. That's because under the system viewpoint indexing is recognized as its most important part within the procedures carried on to treating information once it influences the results of searching strategies. The indexer has the primary function of understanding the document while carrying on a conceptual analysis that properly represents its contents so that correspondence occur between the index and the subject searched by users. For that, there are indexing manuals that must represent the information system indexing policy and the reality of the indexer work. However, due to scarce literature on indexing policy it was aimed to obtain more subsides on the subject through the indexer practical experience. Our operational objectives are: analyzing the indexer context and investigating his/her knowledge on indexing policy through the methodology of reading as a social event/verbal protocol in groups. Thus we can reach our final goal of trying to fill a theoretical gap on indexing policy. First, it was carried on a primary data collecting with three indexers in two university libraries in Marília - SP, that are not subordinate to any larger information system, on the areas of Medicine and Law. That collecting had as goals verifying the methodology applicability towards the ends of this thesis and serve as a model in relation to the way of method application and carrying on during data collecting. Afterwards, it was carried on a second data collecting with two indexers and two university libraries managers on the Dentistry area, considered basic centers by Sistema de Informação Especializado em Odontologia (SIEO) to which they are subordinate. The results obtained from the analysis... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below) / Mestre