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Pay-as-you-go Information Integration in Personal and Social DataspacesSalles, Marcos Antonio Vaz. January 2008 (has links)
Diss. ETH Zürich, 2008.
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Extraction and integration of Web query interfacesKabisch, Thomas 20 October 2011 (has links)
Diese Arbeit fokussiert auf die Integration von Web Anfrageschnittstellen (Web Formularen). Wir identifizieren mehrere Schritte für den Integrationsprozess: Im ersten Schritt werden unbekannte Anfrageschnittstellen auf ihre Anwendungsdomäne hin analysiert. Im zweiten Schritt werden die Anfrageschnittstellen in ein maschinenlesbares Format transformiert (Extraktion). Im dritten Schritt werden Paare semantisch gleicher Elemente zwischen den verschiedenen zu integrierenden Anfragesschnittstellen identifiziert (Matching). Diese Schritte bilden die Grundlage, um Systeme, die eine integrierte Sicht auf die verschiedenen Datenquellen bieten, aufsetzen zu können. Diese Arbeit beschreibt neuartige Lösungen für alle drei der genannten Schritte. Der erste zentrale Beitrag ist ein Exktraktionsalgorithmus, der eine kleine Zahl von Designregeln dazu benutzt, um Schemabäume abzuleiten. Gegenüber früheren Lösungen, welche in der Regel lediglich eine flache Schemarepräsentation anbieten, ist der Schemabaum semantisch reichhaltiger, da er zusätzlich zu den Elementen auch Strukturinformationen abbildet. Der Extraktionsalgorithmus erreicht eine verbesserte Qualität der Element-Extraktion verglichen mit Vergängermethoden. Der zweite Beitrag der Arbeit ist die Entwicklung einer neuen Matching-Methode. Hierbei ermöglicht die Repräsentation der Schnittstellen als Schemabäume eine Verbesserung vorheriger Methoden, indem auch strukturelle Aspekte in den Matching-Algorithmus einfließen. Zusätzlich wird eine globale Optimierung durchgeführt, welche auf der Theorie der bipartiten Graphen aufbaut. Als dritten Beitrag entwickelt die Arbeit einen Algorithms für eine Klassifikation von Schnittstellen nach Anwendungsdomänen auf Basis der Schemabäume und den abgeleiteten Matches. Zusätzlich wird das System VisQI vorgestellt, welches die entwickelten Algorithmen implementiert und eine komfortable graphische Oberfläche für die Unterstützung des Integrationsprozesses bietet. / This thesis focuses on the integration of Web query interfaces. We model the integration process in several steps: First, unknown interfaces have to be classified with respect to their application domain (classification); only then a domain-wise treatment is possible. Second, interfaces must be transformed into a machine readable format (extraction) to allow their automated analysis. Third, as a pre-requisite to integration across databases, pairs of semantically similar elements among multiple interfaces need to be identified (matching). Only if all these tasks have been solved, systems that provide an integrated view to several data sources can be set up. This thesis presents new algorithms for each of these steps. We developed a novel extraction algorithm that exploits a small set of commonsense design rules to derive a hierarchical schema for query interfaces. In contrast to prior solutions that use mainly flat schema representations, the hierarchical schema better represents the structure of the interfaces, leading to better accuracy of the integration step. Next, we describe a multi-step matching method for query interfaces which builds on the hierarchical schema representation. It uses methods from the theory of bipartite graphs to globally optimize the matching result. As a third contribution, we present a new method for the domain classification problem of unknown interfaces that, for the first time, combines lexical and structural properties of schemas. All our new methods have been evaluated on real-life datasets and perform superior to previous works in their respective fields. Additionally, we present the system VisQI that implements all introduced algorithmic steps and provides a comfortable graphical user interface to support the integration process.
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Ein Integrations- und Darstellungsmodell für verteilte und heterogene kontextbezogene Informationen / An Integration and Representation Model for Distributed and Heterogeneous Contextual InformationGoslar, Kevin 07 February 2007 (has links) (PDF)
Die "Kontextsensitivität" genannte systematische Berücksichtigung von Umweltinformationen durch Anwendungssysteme kann als Querschnittsfunktion im betrieblichen Umfeld in vielen Bereichen einen Nutzen stiften. Wirklich praxistaugliche kontextsensitive Anwendungssysteme, die sich analog zu einem mitdenkenden menschlichen Assistenten harmonisch in die ablaufenden Vorgänge in der Realwelt einbringen, haben einen enormen Bedarf nach umfassenden, d.h. diverse Aspekte der Realwelt beschreibenden Kontextinformationen, die jedoch prinzipbedingt verteilt in verschiedenen Datenquellen, etwa Kontexterfassungssystemen, Endgeräten sowie prinzipiell auch in beliebigen anderen, z.T. bereits existierenden Anwendungen entstehen. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die Verringerung der Komplexität des Beschaffungsvorganges von verteilten und heterogenen Kontextinformationen durch Bereitstellung einer einfach verwendbaren Methode zur Darstellung eines umfassenden, aus verteilten und heterogenen Datenquellen zusammengetragenen Kontextmodells. Im Besonderen werden durch diese Arbeit zwei Probleme addressiert, zum einen daß ein Konsument von umfassenden Kontextinformationen mehrere Datenquellen sowohl kennen und zugreifen können und zum anderen über die zwischen den einzelnen Kontextinformationen in verschiedenen Datenquellen existierenden, zunächst nicht modellierten semantischen Verbindungen Bescheid wissen muß. Das dazu entwickelte Kontextinformationsintegrations- und -darstellungsverfahren kombiniert daher ein die Beschaffung und Integration von Kontextinformationen aus diversen Datenquellen modellierendes Informationsintegrationsmodell mit einem Kontextdarstellungsmodell, welches die abzubildende Realweltdomäne basierend auf ontologischen Informationen durch in problemspezifischer Weise erweiterte Verfahren des Semantic Web in einer möglichst intuitiven, wiederverwendbaren und modularen Weise modelliert. Nach einer fundierten Anforderungsanalyse des entwickelten Prinzips wird dessen Verwendung und Nutzen basierend auf der Skizzierung der wichtigsten allgemeinen Verwendungsmöglichkeiten von Kontextinformationen im betrieblichen Umfeld anhand eines komplexen betrieblichen Anwendungsszenarios demonstriert. Dieses beinhaltet ein Nutzerprofil, das von diversen Anwendungen, u.a. einem kontextsensitiven KFZ-Navigationssystem, einer Restaurantsuchanwendung sowie einem Touristenführer verwendet wird. Probleme hinsichtlich des Datenschutzes, der Integration in existierende Umgebungen und Abläufe sowie der Skalierbarkeit und Leistungsfähigkeit des Verfahrens werden ebenfalls diskutiert. / Context-awareness, which is the systematic consideration of information from the environment of applications, can provide significant benefits in the area of business and technology. To be really useful, i.e. harmonically support real-world processes as human assistants do it, practical applications need a comprehensive and detailed contextual information base that describes all relevant aspects of the real world. As a matter of principle, comprehensive contextual information arises in many places and data sources, e.g. in context-aware infrastructures as well as in "normal" applications, which may have knowledge about the context based on their functionality to support a certain process in the real world. This thesis facilitates the use of contextual information by reducing the complexity of the procurement process of distributed and heterogenous contextual information. Particularly, it addresses the two problems that a consumer of comprehensive contextual information needs to be aware of and able to access several different data sources and must know how to combine the contextual information taken from different and isolated data sources into a meaningful representation of the context. Especially the latter information cannot be modelled using the current state of the art. These problems are addressed by the development of an integration and representation model for contextual information that allows to compose comprehensive context models using information inside distributed and heterogeneous data sources. This model combines an information integration model for distributed and heterogenous information (which consists of an access model for heterogeneous data sources, an integration model and an information relation model) with a representation model for context that formalizes the representation of the respective real world domain, i.e. of the real world objects and their semantic relations in an intuitive, reusable and modular way based on ontologies. The resulting model consists of five layers that represent different aspects of the information integration solution. The achievement of the objectives is rated based on a requirement analysis of the problem domain. The technical feasibility and usefulness of the model is demonstrated by the implementation of an engine to support the approach as well as a complex application scenario consisting of a user profile that integrates information from several data sources and a couple of context-aware applications, e.g. a context-aware navigation system, a restaurant finder application as well as an enhanced tourist guide that use the user profile. Problems regarding security and social effects, the integration of this solution into existing environments and infrastructures as well as technical issues like the scalability and performance of this model are discussed too.
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Ein Integrations- und Darstellungsmodell für verteilte und heterogene kontextbezogene InformationenGoslar, Kevin 23 November 2006 (has links)
Die "Kontextsensitivität" genannte systematische Berücksichtigung von Umweltinformationen durch Anwendungssysteme kann als Querschnittsfunktion im betrieblichen Umfeld in vielen Bereichen einen Nutzen stiften. Wirklich praxistaugliche kontextsensitive Anwendungssysteme, die sich analog zu einem mitdenkenden menschlichen Assistenten harmonisch in die ablaufenden Vorgänge in der Realwelt einbringen, haben einen enormen Bedarf nach umfassenden, d.h. diverse Aspekte der Realwelt beschreibenden Kontextinformationen, die jedoch prinzipbedingt verteilt in verschiedenen Datenquellen, etwa Kontexterfassungssystemen, Endgeräten sowie prinzipiell auch in beliebigen anderen, z.T. bereits existierenden Anwendungen entstehen. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die Verringerung der Komplexität des Beschaffungsvorganges von verteilten und heterogenen Kontextinformationen durch Bereitstellung einer einfach verwendbaren Methode zur Darstellung eines umfassenden, aus verteilten und heterogenen Datenquellen zusammengetragenen Kontextmodells. Im Besonderen werden durch diese Arbeit zwei Probleme addressiert, zum einen daß ein Konsument von umfassenden Kontextinformationen mehrere Datenquellen sowohl kennen und zugreifen können und zum anderen über die zwischen den einzelnen Kontextinformationen in verschiedenen Datenquellen existierenden, zunächst nicht modellierten semantischen Verbindungen Bescheid wissen muß. Das dazu entwickelte Kontextinformationsintegrations- und -darstellungsverfahren kombiniert daher ein die Beschaffung und Integration von Kontextinformationen aus diversen Datenquellen modellierendes Informationsintegrationsmodell mit einem Kontextdarstellungsmodell, welches die abzubildende Realweltdomäne basierend auf ontologischen Informationen durch in problemspezifischer Weise erweiterte Verfahren des Semantic Web in einer möglichst intuitiven, wiederverwendbaren und modularen Weise modelliert. Nach einer fundierten Anforderungsanalyse des entwickelten Prinzips wird dessen Verwendung und Nutzen basierend auf der Skizzierung der wichtigsten allgemeinen Verwendungsmöglichkeiten von Kontextinformationen im betrieblichen Umfeld anhand eines komplexen betrieblichen Anwendungsszenarios demonstriert. Dieses beinhaltet ein Nutzerprofil, das von diversen Anwendungen, u.a. einem kontextsensitiven KFZ-Navigationssystem, einer Restaurantsuchanwendung sowie einem Touristenführer verwendet wird. Probleme hinsichtlich des Datenschutzes, der Integration in existierende Umgebungen und Abläufe sowie der Skalierbarkeit und Leistungsfähigkeit des Verfahrens werden ebenfalls diskutiert. / Context-awareness, which is the systematic consideration of information from the environment of applications, can provide significant benefits in the area of business and technology. To be really useful, i.e. harmonically support real-world processes as human assistants do it, practical applications need a comprehensive and detailed contextual information base that describes all relevant aspects of the real world. As a matter of principle, comprehensive contextual information arises in many places and data sources, e.g. in context-aware infrastructures as well as in "normal" applications, which may have knowledge about the context based on their functionality to support a certain process in the real world. This thesis facilitates the use of contextual information by reducing the complexity of the procurement process of distributed and heterogenous contextual information. Particularly, it addresses the two problems that a consumer of comprehensive contextual information needs to be aware of and able to access several different data sources and must know how to combine the contextual information taken from different and isolated data sources into a meaningful representation of the context. Especially the latter information cannot be modelled using the current state of the art. These problems are addressed by the development of an integration and representation model for contextual information that allows to compose comprehensive context models using information inside distributed and heterogeneous data sources. This model combines an information integration model for distributed and heterogenous information (which consists of an access model for heterogeneous data sources, an integration model and an information relation model) with a representation model for context that formalizes the representation of the respective real world domain, i.e. of the real world objects and their semantic relations in an intuitive, reusable and modular way based on ontologies. The resulting model consists of five layers that represent different aspects of the information integration solution. The achievement of the objectives is rated based on a requirement analysis of the problem domain. The technical feasibility and usefulness of the model is demonstrated by the implementation of an engine to support the approach as well as a complex application scenario consisting of a user profile that integrates information from several data sources and a couple of context-aware applications, e.g. a context-aware navigation system, a restaurant finder application as well as an enhanced tourist guide that use the user profile. Problems regarding security and social effects, the integration of this solution into existing environments and infrastructures as well as technical issues like the scalability and performance of this model are discussed too.
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Semantic Federation of Musical and Music-Related Information for Establishing a Personal Music Knowledge BaseGängler, Thomas 22 September 2011 (has links) (PDF)
Music is perceived and described very subjectively by every individual. Nowadays, people often get lost in their steadily growing, multi-placed, digital music collection. Existing music player and management applications get in trouble when dealing with poor metadata that is predominant in personal music collections. There are several music information services available that assist users by providing tools for precisely organising their music collection, or for presenting them new insights into their own music library and listening habits. However, it is still not the case that music consumers can seamlessly interact with all these auxiliary services directly from the place where they access their music individually. To profit from the manifold music and music-related knowledge that is or can be available via various information services, this information has to be gathered up, semantically federated, and integrated into a uniform knowledge base that can personalised represent this data in an appropriate visualisation to the users. This personalised semantic aggregation of music metadata from several sources is the gist of this thesis. The outlined solution particularly concentrates on users’ needs regarding music collection management which can strongly alternate between single human beings. The author’s proposal, the personal music knowledge base (PMKB), consists of a client-server architecture with uniform communication endpoints and an ontological knowledge representation model format that is able to represent the versatile information of its use cases. The PMKB concept is appropriate to cover the complete information flow life cycle, including the processes of user account initialisation, information service choice, individual information extraction, and proactive update notification. The PMKB implementation makes use of SemanticWeb technologies. Particularly the knowledge representation part of the PMKB vision is explained in this work. Several new Semantic Web ontologies are defined or existing ones are massively modified to meet the requirements of a personalised semantic federation of music and music-related data for managing personal music collections. The outcome is, amongst others, • a new vocabulary for describing the play back domain, • another one for representing information service categorisations and quality ratings, and • one that unites the beneficial parts of the existing advanced user modelling ontologies. The introduced vocabularies can be perfectly utilised in conjunction with the existing Music Ontology framework. Some RDFizers that also make use of the outlined ontologies in their mapping definitions, illustrate the fitness in practise of these specifications. A social evaluation method is applied to carry out an examination dealing with the reutilisation, application and feedback of the vocabularies that are explained in this work. This analysis shows that it is a good practise to properly publish Semantic Web ontologies with the help of some Linked Data principles and further basic SEO techniques to easily reach the searching audience, to avoid duplicates of such KR specifications, and, last but not least, to directly establish a \"shared understanding\". Due to their project-independence, the proposed vocabularies can be deployed in every knowledge representation model that needs their knowledge representation capacities. This thesis added its value to make the vision of a personal music knowledge base come true.
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Semantic Federation of Musical and Music-Related Information for Establishing a Personal Music Knowledge BaseGängler, Thomas 20 May 2011 (has links)
Music is perceived and described very subjectively by every individual. Nowadays, people often get lost in their steadily growing, multi-placed, digital music collection. Existing music player and management applications get in trouble when dealing with poor metadata that is predominant in personal music collections. There are several music information services available that assist users by providing tools for precisely organising their music collection, or for presenting them new insights into their own music library and listening habits. However, it is still not the case that music consumers can seamlessly interact with all these auxiliary services directly from the place where they access their music individually. To profit from the manifold music and music-related knowledge that is or can be available via various information services, this information has to be gathered up, semantically federated, and integrated into a uniform knowledge base that can personalised represent this data in an appropriate visualisation to the users. This personalised semantic aggregation of music metadata from several sources is the gist of this thesis. The outlined solution particularly concentrates on users’ needs regarding music collection management which can strongly alternate between single human beings. The author’s proposal, the personal music knowledge base (PMKB), consists of a client-server architecture with uniform communication endpoints and an ontological knowledge representation model format that is able to represent the versatile information of its use cases. The PMKB concept is appropriate to cover the complete information flow life cycle, including the processes of user account initialisation, information service choice, individual information extraction, and proactive update notification. The PMKB implementation makes use of SemanticWeb technologies. Particularly the knowledge representation part of the PMKB vision is explained in this work. Several new Semantic Web ontologies are defined or existing ones are massively modified to meet the requirements of a personalised semantic federation of music and music-related data for managing personal music collections. The outcome is, amongst others, • a new vocabulary for describing the play back domain, • another one for representing information service categorisations and quality ratings, and • one that unites the beneficial parts of the existing advanced user modelling ontologies. The introduced vocabularies can be perfectly utilised in conjunction with the existing Music Ontology framework. Some RDFizers that also make use of the outlined ontologies in their mapping definitions, illustrate the fitness in practise of these specifications. A social evaluation method is applied to carry out an examination dealing with the reutilisation, application and feedback of the vocabularies that are explained in this work. This analysis shows that it is a good practise to properly publish Semantic Web ontologies with the help of some Linked Data principles and further basic SEO techniques to easily reach the searching audience, to avoid duplicates of such KR specifications, and, last but not least, to directly establish a \"shared understanding\". Due to their project-independence, the proposed vocabularies can be deployed in every knowledge representation model that needs their knowledge representation capacities. This thesis added its value to make the vision of a personal music knowledge base come true.:1 Introduction and Background 11
1.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
1.2 Personal Music Collection Use Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
1.3 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2 Music Information Management 17
2.1 Knowledge Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2.1.1 Knowledge Representation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.1.1.1 Knowledge Representation Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.1.1.2 Semantic Graphs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.1.1.3 Ontologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.1.1.4 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.1.2 Knowledge Management Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.1.2.1 Information Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.1.2.2 Ontology-based Distributed Knowledge Management Systems . . 20
2.1.2.3 Knowledge Management System Design Guideline . . . . . . . . 21
2.1.3 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2.2 Semantic Web Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2.2.1 The Evolution of the World Wide Web . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Personal Music Knowledge Base Contents
2.2.1.1 The Hypertext Web . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
2.2.1.2 The Normative Principles of Web Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . 23
2.2.1.3 The Semantic Web . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
2.2.2 Common Semantic Web Knowledge Representation Languages . . . . . . 25
2.2.3 Resource Description Levels and their Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
2.2.4 Semantic Web Knowledge Representation Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
2.2.4.1 Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
2.2.4.2 Mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
2.2.4.3 Context Modelling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
2.2.4.4 Storing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
2.2.4.5 Providing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
2.2.4.6 Consuming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
2.2.5 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
2.3 Music Content and Context Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
2.3.1 Categories of Musical Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
2.3.2 Music Metadata Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
2.3.3 Music Metadata Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
2.3.3.1 Audio Signal Carrier Indexing Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
2.3.3.2 Music Recommendation and Discovery Services . . . . . . . . . . 42
2.3.3.3 Music Content and Context Analysis Services . . . . . . . . . . . 43
2.3.4 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
2.4 Personalisation and Environmental Context . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
2.4.1 User Modelling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
2.4.2 Context Modelling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
2.4.3 Stereotype Modelling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
2.5 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
3 The Personal Music Knowledge Base 48
3.1 Foundations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
3.1.1 Knowledge Representation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
3.1.2 Knowledge Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
3.2 Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
3.3 Workflow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
3.3.1 User Account Initialisation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
3.3.2 Individual Information Extraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
3.3.3 Information Service Choice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
3.3.4 Proactive Update Notification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
3.3.5 Information Exploration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
3.3.6 Personal Associations and Context . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
3.4 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
4 A Personal Music Knowledge Base 57
4.1 Knowledge Representation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
4.1.1 The Info Service Ontology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
4.1.2 The Play Back Ontology and related Ontologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
4.1.2.1 The Ordered List Ontology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
4.1.2.2 The Counter Ontology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
4.1.2.3 The Association Ontology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
4.1.2.4 The Play Back Ontology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
4.1.3 The Recommendation Ontology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
4.1.4 The Cognitive Characteristics Ontology and related Vocabularies . . . . . . 72
4.1.4.1 The Weighting Ontology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
4.1.4.2 The Cognitive Characteristics Ontology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
4.1.4.3 The Property Reification Vocabulary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
4.1.5 The Media Types Taxonomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
4.1.6 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
4.2 Knowledge Management System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
4.3 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
5 Personal Music Knowledge Base in Practice 87
5.1 Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
5.1.1 AudioScrobbler RDF Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
5.1.2 PMKB ID3 Tag Extractor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
5.2 Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
5.2.1 Reutilisation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
5.2.2 Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
5.2.3 Reviews and Mentions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
5.2.4 Indexing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
5.3 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
6 Conclusion and Future Work 93
6.1 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
6.2 Future Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
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